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Annals of African Medicine 2022Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a Gram-negative bacteria identified as a rare infectious agent, more commonly seen among immune-compromised hosts. Infections include...
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a Gram-negative bacteria identified as a rare infectious agent, more commonly seen among immune-compromised hosts. Infections include bacteremia, septicemia leading to septic shock, bone and soft-tissue infections such as septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, infection of shunts, and implantable devices. Although the organism has been reported to have low pathogenicity, infections in the immune compromised can be devastating leading to even death.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Sepsis; Sphingomonas; Steroids
PubMed: 36204921
DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_120_21 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021To investigate the Interaction between chronic endometritis (CE) caused endometrial microbiota disorder and endometrial immune environment change in recurrent...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the Interaction between chronic endometritis (CE) caused endometrial microbiota disorder and endometrial immune environment change in recurrent implantation failure (RIF).
METHOD
Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the endometrial of 112 patients was preform by using High-Throughput Sequencing. The endometrial microbiota of 43 patients was analyzed by using 16s rRNA sequencing technology.
RESULT
In host endometrium, CD4 T cell and macrophage exhibited significant differences abundance between CE and non-CE patients. The enrichment analysis indicated differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in immune-related functional terms. and were significantly high infiltration in CE patients, and active in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism and/or fat metabolism. The increased synthesis of lipopolysaccharide, an important immunomodulator, was the result of microbial disorders in the endometrium.
CONCLUSION
The composition of endometrial microorganisms in CE and non-CE patients were significantly different. and mainly regulated immune cells by interfering with the process of carbohydrate metabolism and/or fat metabolism in the endometrium. CE endometrial microorganisms might regulate Th17 response and the ratio of Th1 to Th17 through lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Embryo Implantation; Embryo Transfer; Endometritis; Endometrium; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Ontology; Gene Regulatory Networks; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipopolysaccharides; Phyllobacteriaceae; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA-Seq; Sphingomonas; Th1 Cells; Th17 Cells; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34671363
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748447 -
MSphere Oct 2019Gellan gum is a microbial exopolysaccharide, produced after aerobic fermentation using the Gram-negative bacterium strain ATCC 31461. Due to its unique structure and...
Gellan gum is a microbial exopolysaccharide, produced after aerobic fermentation using the Gram-negative bacterium strain ATCC 31461. Due to its unique structure and excellent physical characteristics, gellan gum has a broad range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, and other industries where it is used for stabilizing, emulsifying, thickening, and suspending. During the fermentative production of gellan, strain ATCC 31461 also accumulates large amounts of the metabolic by-products yellow carotenoid pigments and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), which is decreasing the gellan production and increasing processing costs. A pigment PHB-free mutant was obtained by knocking out the phytoene desaturase gene () in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and the gene, encoding a PHB synthase for the polymerization of PHB. Unfortunately, the double gene knockout mutant produced only 0.56 g liter gellan. Furthermore, blocking PHB and carotenoid synthesis resulted in the accumulation of pyruvate, which reduced gellan production. To elevate gellan production, combined UV irradiation and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis treatment were used. A mutant strain with the same level of pyruvate as that of the wild-type strain and higher gellan production was isolated (1.35 g liter, 132.8% higher than the double gene knockout mutant and 14.4% higher than the wild-type strain ATCC 31461). In addition, a new gellan gum recovery method based on the new mutant strain was investigated, in which only 30% isopropanol was required, which is twice for the wild-type strains, and the performance of the final product was improved. Thus, the mutant strain could be an ideal strain for the commercial production of gellan. A carotenoid- and PHB-free double gene knockout strain mutant was constructed to simplify the purification steps normally involved in gellan production. However, the production of gellan gum was unexpectedly reduced. A mutant with 14.4% higher gellan production than that of the wild-type strain was obtained and isolated after employing UV and EMS combined mutagenesis. Based on this high-yield and low-impurity-producing mutant, a new recovery method requiring less organic solvent and fewer operating steps was developed. This method will effectively reduce the production costs and improve the economic benefits of large-scale gellan production.
Topics: Carotenoids; Ethyl Methanesulfonate; Fermentation; Gene Knockout Techniques; Hydroxybutyrates; Industrial Microbiology; Mutation; Polyesters; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Sphingomonas; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 31619503
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00668-19 -
Polymers May 2022The genus was established by Yabuuchi et al. in 1990, and has attracted much attention in recent years due to its unique ability to degrade environmental pollutants.... (Review)
Review
The genus was established by Yabuuchi et al. in 1990, and has attracted much attention in recent years due to its unique ability to degrade environmental pollutants. Some species can secrete high-molecular-weight extracellular polymers called sphingans, most of which are acidic heteropolysaccharides. Typical sphingans include welan gum, gellan gum, and diutan gum. Most sphingans have a typical, conserved main chain structure, and differences of side chain groups lead to different rheological characteristics, such as shear thinning, temperature or salt resistance, and viscoelasticity. In petroleum production applications, sphingans, and their structurally modified derivatives can replace partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs, while also being able to replace guar gum as a fracturing fluid thickener. This paper focuses on the applications of sphingans and their derivatives in EOR.
PubMed: 35567089
DOI: 10.3390/polym14091920 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Whether microbes show habitat preferences is a fundamental question in microbial ecology. If different microbial lineages have distinct traits, those lineages may occur...
Whether microbes show habitat preferences is a fundamental question in microbial ecology. If different microbial lineages have distinct traits, those lineages may occur more frequently in habitats where their traits are advantageous. is an ideal bacterial clade in which to investigate how habitat preference relates to traits because these bacteria inhabit diverse environments and hosts. Here we downloaded 440 publicly available genomes, assigned them to habitats based on isolation source, and examined their phylogenetic relationships. We sought to address whether: (1) there is a relationship between habitat and phylogeny, and (2) whether there is a phylogenetic correlation between key, genome-based traits and habitat preference. We hypothesized that strains from similar habitats would cluster together in phylogenetic clades, and key traits that improve fitness in specific environments should correlate with habitat. Genome-based traits were categorized into the Y-A-S trait-based framework for high growth yield, resource acquisition, and stress tolerance. We selected 252 high quality genomes and constructed a phylogenetic tree with 12 well-defined clades based on an alignment of 404 core genes. strains from the same habitat clustered together within the same clades, and strains within clades shared similar clusters of accessory genes. Additionally, key genome-based trait frequencies varied across habitats. We conclude that gene content reflects habitat preference. This knowledge of how environment and host relate to phylogeny may also help with future functional predictions about and facilitate applications in bioremediation.
PubMed: 37138640
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146165 -
Microbiology Spectrum May 2024Microbes are essential for the functioning of all ecosystems, and as global warming and anthropogenic pollution threaten ecosystems, it is critical to understand how...
Microbes are essential for the functioning of all ecosystems, and as global warming and anthropogenic pollution threaten ecosystems, it is critical to understand how microbes respond to these changes. We investigated the climate response of , a widespread gram-negative bacterial genus, during an 18-month microbial community reciprocal transplant experiment across a Southern California climate gradient. We hypothesized that after 18 months, the transplanted clade and functional composition would correspond with site conditions and reflect the composition of native communities. We extracted sequences from metagenomic data across the gradient and assessed their clade and functional composition. Representatives of at least 12 major clades were found at varying relative abundances along the climate gradient, and transplanted clade composition shifted after 18 months. Site had a significant effect (PERMANOVA; < 0.001) on the distribution of both functional (R = 0.465) and clade composition (R = 0.400), suggesting that composition depends on climate parameters. Additionally, for both clade and functional composition, ordinations revealed that the transplanted communities shifted closer to the native composition of the grassland site compared with the site they were transplanted into. Overall, our results indicate that climate and substrate collectively determine clade and functional composition.IMPORTANCE is the most abundant gram-negative bacterial genus in litter-degrading microbial communities of desert, grassland, shrubland, and forest ecosystems in Southern California. We aimed to determine whether responds to climate change in the same way as gram-positive bacteria and whole bacterial communities in these ecosystems. Within , both clade composition and functional genes shifted in response to climate and litter chemistry, supporting the idea that bacteria respond similarly to climate at different scales of genetic variation. This understanding of how microbes respond to perturbation across scales may aid in future predictions of microbial responses to climate change.
Topics: Sphingomonas; Climate Change; California; Soil Microbiology; Ecosystem; Phylogeny; Microbiota; Metagenomics; Grassland
PubMed: 38572990
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00236-24 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Drought poses a serious threat to plant growth. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have great potential to improve plant nutrition, yield, and drought tolerance. is...
Drought poses a serious threat to plant growth. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have great potential to improve plant nutrition, yield, and drought tolerance. is an important microbiota genus that is extensively distributed in the plant or rhizosphere. However, the knowledge of its plant growth-promoting function in dry regions is extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGPB sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress. We found that Hbc-6 increased the biomass of maize under normal conditions and drought stress. For instance, the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions. Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants. Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) and up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.). Moreover, Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community, increased its richness and diversity, and made the rhizosphere bacterial community more complex to resist stress; Hbc-6 could also recruit more potentially rhizosphere beneficial bacteria which might promote plant growth together with Hbc-6 both under normal and drought stress. In short, Hbc-6 increased maize biomass and drought tolerance through the above ways. Our findings lay a foundation for exploring the complex mechanisms of interactions between and plants, and it is important that sp. Hbc-6 can be used as a potential biofertilizer in agricultural production, which will assist finding new solutions for improving the growth and yield of crops in arid areas.
PubMed: 36388485
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002772 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the... (Review)
Review
The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the source of infection remain unclear. We aim to see if the Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a non-contaminated environment-the caves-are reported in human infections. Eleven samples were collected from six Romanian caves. We used the standard procedure used in our clinical laboratory for bacterial identification and for antibiotic susceptibility testing of the cave isolates. Out of the 14 bacterial strains, three isolates are Gram-negative bacilli-one isolate belong to and two strains belong to . We screened for the published studies-full-text original articles or review articles-that reported human infections with and Data sources-PubMed and Cochrane library. We retrieved 447 cases from 49 references-262 cases (58.61%) are infections and 185 cases (41.39%) are infections. The types of infections are diverse but there are some infections more frequent; there are 116 cases (44.27%) and many infections of the bloodstream with (116 cases) and 121 cases (65.41%) are urinary tract infections with . The acquired source of the bloodstream infections is reported for 93 of bloodstream infections-50 cases (43%) are hospital-acquired, and 40 cases (37%) are community-acquired. Most of the infections are reported in patients with different underlying conditions. There are 80 cases (17.9%) are reported of previously healthy persons. Out of the 72 cases of pediatric infections, 62 cases (86.11%) are caused by . There are ten death casualties-three are infections, and seven are infections.
Topics: Caves; Child; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hafnia alvei; Humans; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 35206510
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042324 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Dec 2022is one of the most abundant bacterial genera in the phyllosphere of wild , but relative to , the ecology of and its interaction with plants is poorly described. We...
is one of the most abundant bacterial genera in the phyllosphere of wild , but relative to , the ecology of and its interaction with plants is poorly described. We analyzed the genomic features of over 400 isolates collected from local populations, which revealed much higher intergenomic diversity than for the considerably more uniform isolates found in the same host populations. Variation in plasmid complements and additional genomic features suggest high adaptability of this genus, and the widespread presence of protein secretion systems hints at frequent biotic interactions. While some of the isolates showed plant-protective phenotypes in lab tests, this was a rare trait. To begin to understand the extent of strain sharing across alternate hosts, we employed amplicon sequencing and a bulk-culturing metagenomics approach on both and neighboring plants. Our data reveal that both and thrive on other diverse plant hosts, but that is a poor competitor in dying or dead leaves.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Bacteria; Plants; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 36538480
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211881119 -
STAR Protocols Sep 2023Paratransgenesis through genetic manipulation of symbiotic or commensal microorganisms has been proposed as an effective and environmentally sound approach for the...
Paratransgenesis through genetic manipulation of symbiotic or commensal microorganisms has been proposed as an effective and environmentally sound approach for the control of vector-borne diseases, including tick bite-related pathologies, and reducing pathogen transmission. Here, we present a protocol for Sphingomonas transformation with Anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 4 and heat shock protein 70. We describe a step-by-step protocol for in vitro study of interactions between transformed Franken Sphingomonas and Ixodes scapularis ISE6 tick cells during A. phagocytophilum infection. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mazuecos et al. (2023)..
Topics: Animals; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Sphingomonas; Coinfection; Ixodes; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
PubMed: 37691149
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102557