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BMC Women's Health Jun 2013Latin America has among the highest rates of intimate partner violence. While there is increasing evidence that intimate partner violence is associated with mental...
BACKGROUND
Latin America has among the highest rates of intimate partner violence. While there is increasing evidence that intimate partner violence is associated with mental health problems, there is little such research for developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Bolivian women's experiences with physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes.
METHODS
This study analyzes data from the 2008 Bolivia Demographic and Health Survey. 10,119 married or cohabiting women ages 15-49 are included in the analysis. Probit regression models are used to assess the association between intimate partner violence and mental health, after controlling for other demographic factors and partner characteristics. The questionnaire uses selected questions from the SRQ-20 to measure symptoms of mental health problems.
RESULTS
Intimate partner violence is common in Bolivia, with 47% of women experiencing some type of spousal abuse in the 12 months before the survey. Women exposed to physical spousal violence in the past year are more likely to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, and psychotic disorders, after controlling for other demographic and partner characteristics. Women who experienced sexual abuse by a partner are most likely to suffer from all mental health issues. Psychological abuse is also associated with an increased risk of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychogenic seizures. Women who experienced only psychological abuse report mental health problems similar to those who were physically abused.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates an urgent need for research on the prevalence and health consequences of psychological abuse in developing countries. Our findings highlight the need for mental health services for victims of intimate partner violence. Because physical and psychological violence are often experienced concurrently, it is recommended that health providers who are treating victims of physical intimate partner violence also screen them for symptoms of potential mental health problems and refer them to appropriate mental health services.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bolivia; Developing Countries; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Sexual Partners; Spouse Abuse; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 23799992
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-13-28 -
Women & Health 2012Identifying intimate partner violence in healthcare settings is becoming the standard of care. The Brief Inpatient Screen was designed to assess recent emotional,...
BACKGROUND
Identifying intimate partner violence in healthcare settings is becoming the standard of care. The Brief Inpatient Screen was designed to assess recent emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in a general inpatient medical-surgical setting and compared to the Composite Abuse Scale.
METHODS
Researchers matched "cases" (inpatients screening Brief Inpatient Screen-positive) to up to four "controls" (inpatients screening Brief Inpatient Screen-negative). Forty-six female hospital inpatients ages 18-64 years completed a self-administered survey. The sensitivity and specificity of the Brief Inpatient Screen and its subscales were compared to the Composite Abuse Scale. Researchers examined the performance of the Brief Inpatient Screen when used as a verbal screen versus an anonymous written screen.
RESULTS
Twelve of 46 participants (26%) had a positive screen. Compared to the Composite Abuse Scale, the overall sensitivity and specificity of the verbal Brief Inpatient Screen were 52.6% (95% CI 28.9-75.6) and 92.6% (95% CI 75.7-99.1), respectively. The written Brief Inpatient Screen showed improved sensitivity overall (68.4%, 95% CI 43.5-87.4) for the most severe intimate partner violence. Subscale analysis revealed greater sensitivity for emotional and severe combined intimate partner violence.
CONCLUSIONS
The verbal Brief Inpatient Screen, when compared to the Composite Abuse Scale, was limited in its ability to identify intimate partner violence. An anonymous written format improved sensitivity. Future research should optimize intimate partner violence screening among inpatients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Inpatients; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 23067152
DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2012.724763 -
Cochrane in CORR (®): Screening Women for Intimate Partner Violence in Healthcare Settings (Review).Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Sep 2016
Review
Topics: Battered Women; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Mass Screening; Orthopedic Surgeons; Predictive Value of Tests; Professional Role; Reproducibility of Results; Spouse Abuse; Women's Health
PubMed: 27385221
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-4957-2 -
American Journal of Public Health Apr 2009As part of the World Health Organization's cross-national research effort, we investigated the relationship between various health indicators and the experience of...
OBJECTIVES
As part of the World Health Organization's cross-national research effort, we investigated the relationship between various health indicators and the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV), which included emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, among women in Yokohama, Japan.
METHODS
We used multivariate logistic and negative binomial regression to examine the relationship between health status and IPV in a stratified cluster sample of 1371 women aged 18 to 49 years.
RESULTS
In 9 of 11 health indicators examined, the odds of experiencing health-related problems were significantly higher (P < .05) among those that reported emotional abuse plus physical or sexual violence than among those that reported no IPV, after we controlled for sociodemographic factors, childhood sexual abuse, and adulthood sexual violence perpetrated by someone other than an intimate partner. For most health indicators, there were no significant differences between those that reported emotional abuse only and those that reported emotional abuse plus physical or sexual violence.
CONCLUSIONS
The similarity of outcomes among those that reported emotional abuse only and those that reported emotional abuse plus physical or sexual violence suggests the need for increased training of health care providers about the effects of emotional abuse.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Battered Women; Female; Health Status; Humans; Japan; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Sex Offenses; Spouse Abuse; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Women's Health; World Health Organization; Young Adult
PubMed: 18703455
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.118976 -
Journal of Consulting and Clinical... Oct 2008Pathological personality is strongly linked with interpersonal impairment, yet no study to date has examined the relationship between concurrent personality pathology...
Pathological personality is strongly linked with interpersonal impairment, yet no study to date has examined the relationship between concurrent personality pathology and dysfunction in marriage--a relationship that most people find central to their lives. In a cross-sectional study of a community sample of married couples (N = 82), the authors used multilevel modeling to estimate the association of self- and spouse-reported symptoms of personality disorder (PD) with levels of marital satisfaction and verbal aggression and perpetration of physical violence. Inclusion of self- and spouse report of total PD symptoms resulted in improved model fit and greater variance explained, with much of the improvement coming after the addition of spouse report. The incremental validity of spouse report for several of the 10 PD scales was supported for marital satisfaction and verbal aggression, particularly for the Borderline and Dependent PD scales.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aggression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Family Conflict; Female; Humans; Male; Marital Therapy; Middle Aged; Personal Satisfaction; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Spouse Abuse; Young Adult
PubMed: 18837594
DOI: 10.1037/a0013346 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jan 2003Domestic violence is considered a major risk factor in pregnancy.
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence is considered a major risk factor in pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the prevalence of different kinds of abuse (physical, psychological, sexual) of pregnant as compared to non-pregnant women, and to identify demographic risk factors for physical abuse that characterize the woman and her partner.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 270 women seeking gynecologic care at women health centers in northern Israel. Information was collected by means of a standardized questionnaire administered via phone, and addressing demographic data, interaction with the partner, and reporting of physical abuse. All information was obtained from the respondents (including information about her partner).
RESULTS
Four abuse scores were computed: severe physical attack, minor physical attack, psychological abuse, and sexual coercion. Psychological abuse was found to be the most prevalent (24%), followed by minor and severe physical attack (17% and 8.1%, respectively), and sexual coercion (5.6%). Physical attacks related to pregnancy (directed at the abdomen) occurred in 5.4% of the pregnant women. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of the different types of abuse between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Physical attack was associated with socioeconomic status, work status, and degree of religiosity.
CONCLUSION
Pregnant women were at a similar risk for abuse as non-pregnant women in all abuse categories. Predictors for abuse--socioeconomic status and religiosity--were reviewed primarily in a cultural context.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Israel; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Surveys and Questionnaires; Telephone
PubMed: 12592956
DOI: No ID Found -
The Lancet. Global Health Oct 2013Male perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) is under-researched. In this Article, we present data for the prevalence of, and factors associated with, male...
Prevalence of and factors associated with male perpetration of intimate partner violence: findings from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific.
BACKGROUND
Male perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) is under-researched. In this Article, we present data for the prevalence of, and factors associated with, male perpetration of IPV from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of perpetration of partner violence, identify factors associated with perpetration of different forms of violence, and inform prevention strategies.
METHODS
We undertook standardised population-based household surveys with a multistage representative sample of men aged 18-49 years in nine sites in Bangladesh, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Papua New Guinea between January, 2011, and December, 2012. We built multinomial regression models of factors associated with lifetime violence perpetration: physical IPV, sexual IPV, both physical and sexual IPV, multiple emotional or economic IPV versus none, and calculated population-attributable fractions. In the analysis, we considered factors related to social characteristics, gender attitudes and relationship practices, victimisation history, psychological factors, substance misuse, and participation in violence outside the home.
FINDINGS
10,178 men completed interviews in our study (between 815 and 1812 per site). The response rate was higher than 82·5% in all sites except for urban Bangladesh (73·2%) and Sri Lanka (58·7%). The prevalence of physical or sexual IPV perpetration, or both, varied by site, between 25·4% (190/746; rural Indonesia) and 80·0% (572/714; Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). When multiple emotional or economic abuse was included, the prevalence of IPV perpetration ranged from 39·3% (409/1040; Sri Lanka) to 87·3% (623/714; Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). Factors associated with IPV perpetration varied by country and type of violence. On the basis of population-attributable fractions, we show factors related to gender and relationship practices to be most important, followed by experiences of childhood trauma, alcohol misuse and depression, low education, poverty, and involvement in gangs and fights with weapons.
INTERPRETATION
Perpetration of IPV by men is highly prevalent in the general population in the sites studied. Prevention of IPV is crucial, and interventions should address gender socialisation and power relations, abuse in childhood, mental health issues, and poverty. Interventions should be tailored to respond to the specific patterns of violence in various contexts. Physical and sexual partner violence might need to be addressed in different ways.
FUNDING
Partners for Prevention--a UN Development Programme, UN Population Fund, UN Women, and UN Volunteers regional joint programme for gender-based violence prevention in Asia and the Pacific; UN Population Fund Bangladesh and China; UN Women Cambodia and Indonesia; UN Development Programme in Papua New Guinea and Pacific Centre; and the Governments of Australia, the UK, Norway, and Sweden.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Indian Ocean Islands; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Pacific Islands; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Spouse Abuse; Young Adult
PubMed: 25104345
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70074-3 -
Aggressive Behavior 2012Extensive work has documented an association between sustaining intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol/drug abuse among women, yet little research has documented...
Extensive work has documented an association between sustaining intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol/drug abuse among women, yet little research has documented the same association in men, even though men comprise 25-50% of all IPV victims in a given year. This study investigates the associations among sustaining IPV and alcohol/drug abuse among both a clinical and community sample of men. The clinical sample is comprised of 302 men who sustained intimate terrorism-a form of IPV that is characterized by much violence and controlling behavior-from their female partners and sought help. The community sample is composed of 520 men, 16% of whom sustained common couple violence, a lower level of more minor reciprocal IPV. Analyses showed that among both groups of men who sustained IPV, the prevalence and frequency of alcohol/drug abuse was significantly higher than in men who did not sustain IPV. However, a dose-response relationship between sustaining IPV and alcohol/drug abuse was found only among men in the community sample. Path modeling showed that, for the community sample, the best fitting models were ones that showed that the alcohol/drug abuse predicted IPV victimization, an association that was fully mediated by their use of IPV.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sexual Partners; Spouse Abuse; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Women's Health; Young Adult
PubMed: 22028251
DOI: 10.1002/ab.20418 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Jul 2010We conducted a cross-sectional study among 300 women with a child aged 6 to 18 months, to determine the prevalence and determinants of domestic abuse against women in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 300 women with a child aged 6 to 18 months, to determine the prevalence and determinants of domestic abuse against women in Jahrom; before, during and after pregnancy. The prevalence of abuse during pregnancy (42%) was lower than during the 1 year before pregnancy (51.7%) and after delivery (53.5%). The overall prevalence of emotional abuse, sexual abuse and physical abuse was 53.5%, 34.7% and 26.7% respectively. Abuse during any previous period was a strong risk factor for subsequent abuse. Other risk factors associated with abuse were: woman previously witnessing domestic violence, opium use by husband, woman's education < or = 12 years, age at marriage of woman < 18 years, husband's education < or = 12 years, woman's economic dependency and living in an extended family. Routine screening of abuse in maternity clinics should be considered.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Iran; Logistic Models; Mass Screening; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prevalence; Puerperal Disorders; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Surveys and Questionnaires; Urban Health
PubMed: 20799532
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Nov 2010This pilot study examined the effectiveness of standard care and an empowerment intervention for abused pregnant women. Severe psychological abuse was most prevalent... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This pilot study examined the effectiveness of standard care and an empowerment intervention for abused pregnant women. Severe psychological abuse was most prevalent (42.2%) among this sample of women. Compared with women in the standard care group at the postintervention survey, women in the empowerment group were more likely to hide money (44.6% vs. 34.3%), establish a code with family or friends (19.6% vs. 16.2%), ask neighbors to call police if violence began (6.9% vs. 1.0%), had available bank account numbers (17.1% vs. 3.1%), had valuable jewelry (8.4% vs. 3.8%), and had available a hidden bag with extra clothing (9.0% vs. 3.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in health-related quality of life, adoption of safety behaviors, and use of community resources between women in the two groups. Simply asking pregnant women about abuse and offering referral could potentially interrupt and prevent further abuse.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Peru; Pilot Projects; Power, Psychological; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Young Adult
PubMed: 20145196
DOI: 10.1177/0886260509354517