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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jul 2014Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent, complex, and challenging women's health problem associated with a number of negative medical, reproductive, and mental... (Review)
Review
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent, complex, and challenging women's health problem associated with a number of negative medical, reproductive, and mental health conditions. When clinicians bring up the topic with their patients, patients are more likely to disclose. Supportive counseling and referrals are associated with improved safety and health.
Topics: Communication; Counseling; Disclosure; Documentation; Female; Humans; Mandatory Reporting; Physical Examination; Physician's Role; Physician-Patient Relations; Referral and Consultation; Risk Assessment; Safety; Spouse Abuse; Survivors; Women's Health
PubMed: 24987045
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.81a.13069 -
International Family Planning... Jun 2008Violence toward pregnant women is a gross violation of human rights with adverse health consequences for the woman and potentially for her fetus; however, few studies...
CONTEXT
Violence toward pregnant women is a gross violation of human rights with adverse health consequences for the woman and potentially for her fetus; however, few studies have examined factors associated with such abuse in developing countries or with population-based data.
METHODS
A sample of 2,553 ever-pregnant women aged 15-49 from one urban and one rural site in Bangladesh were surveyed in 2001 as part of a World Health Organization multicountry study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with physical spousal abuse of women during pregnancy.
RESULTS
Urban and rural women whose mother or mother-in-law had experienced physical spousal abuse had increased odds of experiencing abuse during pregnancy (odds ratios, 2.1-3.4); increased spousal communication was negatively associated with the outcome in both settings (0.6 and 0.7). Among urban women, being older than 19, having a husband with more than 10 years of education and being from certain higher income quartiles were negatively associated with abuse (0.2-0.5); living in a community highly concerned about crime was positively associated with abuse (1.1). Among rural women, being able to depend on natal family support in a crisis was negatively associated with abuse (0.5); being in a marriage that involved dowry demands and being Muslim were positively associated with abuse (1.8 and 3.6, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The message that a family history of spousal violence increases a daughter's risk of such abuse should be widely communicated. Further research is needed to determine whether increased couple communication reduces the likelihood of violence or whether absence of violence leads to increased couple communication.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bangladesh; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Spouse Abuse; Young Adult
PubMed: 18644758
DOI: 10.1363/ifpp.34.071.08 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Oct 2012This study retrospectively examined the daily-level associations between youth alcohol use and dating abuse (DA) victimization and perpetration for a 6-month period.
Youth alcohol use and dating abuse victimization and perpetration: a test of the relationships at the daily level in a sample of pediatric emergency department patients who use alcohol.
OBJECTIVE
This study retrospectively examined the daily-level associations between youth alcohol use and dating abuse (DA) victimization and perpetration for a 6-month period.
METHOD
Timeline Followback (TLFB) interview data were collected from 397 urban emergency department patients, ages 17 to 21 years. Patients were eligible if they reported past month alcohol use and past year dating. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses estimated the likelihood of DA on a given day as a function of alcohol use or heavy use (≥4 drinks per day for women, ≥5 drinks per day for men), as compared with nonuse.
RESULTS
Approximately 52% of men and 61% of women participants reported experiencing DA victimization ≥1 times during the past 6 months, and 45% of men and 55% of women reported perpetrating DA ≥1 times. For both men and women, DA perpetration was more likely on a drinking day as opposed to a nondrinking day (ORs = 1.70 and ORs = 1.69, respectively). DA victimization was also more likely on a drinking day as opposed to a nondrinking day for both men and women (ORs = 1.23 and ORs = 1.34, respectively). DA perpetration and DA victimization were both more likely on heavy drinking days as opposed to nondrinking days (2.04 and 2.03 for men's and women's perpetration, respectively, and 1.41 and 1.43 for men's and women's victimization, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This study found that alcohol use was associated with increased risk for same day DA perpetration and victimization, for both male and female youth. We conclude that for youth who use alcohol, alcohol use is a potential risk factor for DA victimization and perpetration.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health Services; Aggression; Alcohol Drinking; Courtship; Crime Victims; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sexual Partners; Spouse Abuse; Young Adult
PubMed: 22550149
DOI: 10.1177/0886260512441076 -
Journal of Nurse-midwifery 1996This article explains the concept of cultural competence, adding advocacy to models of culturally competent health care already in the literature and demonstrating how... (Review)
Review
This article explains the concept of cultural competence, adding advocacy to models of culturally competent health care already in the literature and demonstrating how it relates to domestic violence. Abuse stages according to Landenburger's model of entrapment and recovery are presented with applicable cultural differences and specificities. Cultural issues related to specific childbearing-stage abuse interventions are also discussed. The principles of cultural competence, abuse- and childbearing-stage specificity, and empowerment are used as the basis for this model of clinical intervention with abused women.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Models, Nursing; Nurse Midwives; Patient Advocacy; Power, Psychological; Pregnancy; Spouse Abuse; Transcultural Nursing
PubMed: 8990717
DOI: 10.1016/s0091-2182(96)00094-8 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Sep 2011This study explores the prevalence and correlates of past-year physical violence against women in slum and nonslum areas of urban Bangladesh. The authors use... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study explores the prevalence and correlates of past-year physical violence against women in slum and nonslum areas of urban Bangladesh. The authors use multivariate logistic regression to analyze data from the 2006 Urban Health Survey, a population-based survey of 9,122 currently married women aged between 15 and 49 who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design. The prevalence of reported past-year physical spousal violence is 31%. Prevalence of past-year physical spousal violence is higher in slums (35%) than in nonslums (20%). Slapping/arm-twisting and pushing/shaking/ throwing something at the women are the most commonly reported acts of physical abuse. Multivariate analysis shows that the risk of physical spousal abuse is lower among older women, women with post-primary education, and those belonging to rich households and women whose husbands considered their opinion in decision making. Women are at higher risk of abuse if they had many children, believe that married woman should work if the husband is not making enough money, and approve wife-beating norms. This study serves to confirm the commonness of physical spousal abuse in urban Bangladesh, demonstrating the seriousness of this multifaceted phenomenon as a social and public health issue. The present findings suggest the need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies that capitalize on the interplay of individual and sociocultural factors that cause physical spousal violence. Our study adds to a growing literature documenting domestic violence against women in urban areas of developing south Asian nations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bangladesh; Battered Women; Female; Health Status; Humans; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Poverty; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Social Environment; Social Values; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Urban Population; Women's Health; Young Adult
PubMed: 21831870
DOI: 10.1177/0886260510388282 -
The Journal of Pain Nov 2008In this descriptive study of chronic pain in a community sample of 292 women who had separated from their abusive partners on average 20 months previously, more than...
UNLABELLED
In this descriptive study of chronic pain in a community sample of 292 women who had separated from their abusive partners on average 20 months previously, more than one-third experienced high disability pain as measured by Von Korff's Chronic Pain Grade. Beyond the usual pain locations associated with abuse, 43.2% reported swollen/painful joints. More interference in daily life was attributed to joint pain than to back, head, stomach, pelvic or bowel pain. Women with high disability pain were more likely to have experienced child abuse, adult sexual assault, more severe spousal abuse, lifetime abuse-related injuries, symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, lifetime suicide attempts, difficulty sleeping, and unemployment. High disability pain also was associated with visits to a family doctor and psychiatrist and use of medication in more than prescribed dosages. Less than 25% of women with high disability pain were taking opioids, or prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Interestingly, high disability pain was not related to smoking, use of street drugs, potential for alcohol dependence, age, income, or education. The findings add to knowledge of severity and patterns of chronic pain in abused women and support the need for further multivariate analysis of the relationships among abuse experiences, mental health, and chronic pain severity to better inform decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment.
PERSPECTIVE
Understanding patterns of chronic pain in abuse survivors and their associations with abuse history, mental health symptoms, health service use, and medication is important for clinical assessment and intervention. Chronic pain persisted long after leaving abusive partners and extended beyond usual locations (back, headache, pelvic, gastrointestinal) to include swollen/painful joints.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthralgia; Battered Women; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child Abuse; Colonic Diseases; Depression; Disability Evaluation; Female; Health Services; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Sex Offenses; Spouse Abuse; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Survivors; Violence; Young Adult
PubMed: 18701353
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.06.009 -
BMC International Health and Human... Dec 2020Women, especially those who marry as children, experience various forms and degrees of exclusion and discrimination. Early marriage is a harmful traditional practice...
BACKGROUND
Women, especially those who marry as children, experience various forms and degrees of exclusion and discrimination. Early marriage is a harmful traditional practice that continues to affect millions around the world. Though it has declined over the years, it is still pervasive in developing countries. In Ethiopia, Amhara National Regional State (or alternatively Amhara region) hosts the largest share of child-brides in the country. This study aimed at assessing the effects of early marriage on its survivors' life conditions - specifically, empowerment and household decision-making - in western Amhara.
METHODS
This study employed community-based cross-sectional study design. It adopted mixed method approach - survey, in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD) - to collect, analyse and interpret data on early marriage and its effects on household decision-making processes. The survey covered 1278 randomly selected respondents, and 14FGDs and 6 in-depth interviews were conducted. Statistical procedures - frequency distribution, Chi-square, logistic regression - were used to test, compare and establish associations between survey results on women empowerment for two groups of married women based on age at first marriage i.e., below 18 and at/after 18. Narratives and analytical descriptions were integrated to substantiate and/or explain observed quantitative results, or generate contextual themes.
RESULTS
This study reported that women married at/after 18 were more involved in household decision-making processes than child-brides. Child-brides were more likely to experience various forms of spousal abuse and violence in married life. The study results illustrated how individual-level changes, mainly driven by age at first marriage, interplay with structural factors to define the changing status and roles of married women in the household and community.
CONCLUSION
Age at first marriage significantly affected empowerment at household level, and women benefited significantly from delaying marriage. Increase in age did not automatically and unilaterally empowered women in marriage, however, since age entails a cultural definition of one's position in society and its institutions. We recommend further research to focus on the nexus between the household and the social-structural forms that manifest at individual and community levels, and draw insights to promote women's wellbeing and emancipation.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Empowerment; Ethiopia; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Intergenerational Relations; Interviews as Topic; Marriage; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 33317540
DOI: 10.1186/s12914-020-00249-5 -
PLoS Medicine Sep 2014Jay Silverman and Anita Raj discuss the policies and interventions required to address the range of poor reproductive outcomes for women and adolescents, including loss... (Review)
Review
Jay Silverman and Anita Raj discuss the policies and interventions required to address the range of poor reproductive outcomes for women and adolescents, including loss of reproductive control, associated with intimate partner violence.
Topics: Coercion; Female; Global Health; Humans; Reproductive Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 25226396
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001723 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... May 1994Despite erosion of key societal institutions, family physicians have remained a focal point for many troubled individuals--particularly women. The prevalence and types... (Review)
Review
Despite erosion of key societal institutions, family physicians have remained a focal point for many troubled individuals--particularly women. The prevalence and types of abuse women experience and the effects on women's lives are summarized. Disclosures of abuse can affect family physicians. Increased awareness of gender role socialization messages for women is also relevant to family practice.
Topics: Canada; Denial, Psychological; Education, Medical, Continuing; Family Practice; Female; Gender Identity; Guilt; Humans; Physician's Role; Power, Psychological; Prevalence; Self Disclosure; Social Problems; Socialization; Spouse Abuse; Violence; Women's Health; Women's Health Services
PubMed: 8038640
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of... Sep 2007Little is known about the patterns and types of intimate partner abuse in same-sex male couples, and few studies have examined the psychosocial characteristics and...
Little is known about the patterns and types of intimate partner abuse in same-sex male couples, and few studies have examined the psychosocial characteristics and health problems of gay and bisexual men who experience such abuse. Using a cross-sectional survey sample of 817 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Chicago area, this study tested the effect of psychological and demographic factors generally associated with intimate partner abuse and examined their relationship to various health problems. Overall, 32.4% (n = 265) of participants reported any form of relationship abuse in a past or current relationship; 20.6% (n = 168) reported a history of verbal abuse ("threatened physically or sexually, publicly humiliated, or controlled"), 19.2% (n = 157) reported physical violence ("hit, kicked, shoved, burned, cut, or otherwise physically hurt"), and 18.5% (n = 151) reported unwanted sexual activity. Fifty-four percent (n = 144) of men reporting any history of abuse reported more than one form. Age and ethnic group were unrelated to reports of abuse. Depression and substance abuse were among the strongest correlates of intimate partner abuse. Men reporting recent unprotected anal sex were more likely to also report abuse, Wald (1, n = 773) = 9.02, p < .05, Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.61, Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.18-2.21. We discuss psychosocial issues faced by gay and bisexual men who experience intimate partner abuse as they may pertain to interventions among this group.
Topics: Adult; Bisexuality; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Health Status; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prevalence; Racial Groups; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 17610158
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-007-9188-0