-
Racial differences in treatment effect among men in a substance abuse and domestic violence program.The American Journal of Drug and... Nov 2010It is unclear whether racial differences in treatment effect exist for individuals in substance abuse and domestic violence programs. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
It is unclear whether racial differences in treatment effect exist for individuals in substance abuse and domestic violence programs.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined racial differences in treatment effect among substance dependent Caucasian and African-American male intimate partner violence (IPV) offenders court mandated to an integrated substance abuse and domestic violence treatment.
METHODS
From baseline to completion of treatment (week 12), 75 participants (39 Caucasian; 36 African-American) were assessed on demographics, substance use, legal characteristics, and use of violence (physical, verbal, and psychological).
RESULTS
African-American men served more months incarcerated in their life than Caucasian men. Both groups showed decreases in their use of physical violence and alcohol abuse over treatment. Caucasian men also showed a decrease in their use of verbal abuse.
CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE
At treatment completion, both groups showed a reduction in physical abuse and alcohol abuse. Caucasian men showed a reduction in their use of verbal abuse, but African-American men did not. Substance dependent African-American male IPV offenders may benefit from interventions that thoroughly target communication skills in addition to issues of substance abuse and IPV to reduce use of verbal abuse and improve treatment outcomes among African American men.
Topics: Black or African American; Domestic Violence; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sexual Partners; Spouse Abuse; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Violence; White People
PubMed: 20936990
DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2010.501131 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Jan 1997
Review
Topics: Family Practice; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Power, Psychological; Risk Factors; Self Concept; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 9626412
DOI: No ID Found -
Health Services Research Jun 2009To estimate health care utilization and costs associated with the type of intimate partner violence (IPV) women experience by the timing of their abuse.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate health care utilization and costs associated with the type of intimate partner violence (IPV) women experience by the timing of their abuse.
METHODS
A total of 3,333 women (ages 18-64) were randomly sampled from the membership files of a large health plan located in a metropolitan area and participated in a telephone survey to assess IPV history, including the type of IPV (physical IPV or nonphysical abuse only) and the timing of the abuse (ongoing; recent, not ongoing but occurring in the past 5 years; remote, ending at least 5 years prior). Automated annual health care utilization and costs were assembled over 7.4 years for women with physical IPV and nonphysical abuse only by the time period during which their abuse occurred (ongoing, recent, remote), and compared with those of never-abused women (reference group).
RESULTS
Mental health utilization was significantly higher for women with physical or nonphysical abuse only compared with never-abused women-with the highest use among women with ongoing abuse (relative risk for those with ongoing abuse: physical, 2.61; nonphysical, 2.18). Physically abused women also used more emergency department, hospital outpatient, primary care, pharmacy, and specialty services; for emergency department, pharmacy, and specialty care, utilization was the highest for women with ongoing abuse. Total annual health care costs were higher for physically abused women, with the highest costs for ongoing abuse (42 percent higher compared with nonabused women), followed by recent (24 percent higher) and remote abuse (19 percent higher). Women with recent nonphysical abuse only had annual costs that were 33 percent higher than nonabused women.
CONCLUSION
Physical and nonphysical abuse contributed to higher health care utilization, particularly mental health services utilization.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Battered Women; Case-Control Studies; Cost of Illness; Employment; Female; Health Care Costs; Health Care Surveys; Health Services; Humans; Income; Middle Aged; Northwestern United States; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Regression Analysis; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 19674432
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.00955.x -
BMJ Global Health Oct 2023Violence against women is a serious human rights violation. While much attention has been given to the prevalence and prevention of physical, sexual and emotional...
INTRODUCTION
Violence against women is a serious human rights violation. While much attention has been given to the prevalence and prevention of physical, sexual and emotional violence, one crucial dimension is to date less well understood: economic abuse against women. This paper presents rich qualitative data on economic abuse against women in India to improve the understanding of economic abuse in a lower-middle income setting and to assess how economic abuse interacts with socio-cultural factors such as patrilocality, patriarchal gender norms and limited acceptance of female employment.
METHODS
We conducted 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) in the states Maharashtra and Rajasthan. FGDs were conducted with married working (for income) and non-working women, husbands and mothers-in-law. Discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English. Transcripts were coded using thematic analysis and emerging themes were discussed among all authors.
RESULTS
Women suffered from four distinct forms of economic abuse. Economic control emerged as the most prevalent theme, amplified by women's marginalisation from financial decision-making in the household. Discussions further alluded to employment sabotage, which husbands commonly justified by not wanting their wives to neglect their duties at home. A third category was women's economic exploitation, expressed by husbands taking their salaries, accumulating debt in their wife's name, and using their wife's wedding endowments for own purposes. A last category was husbands' refusal to financially contribute to necessary household expenses, which hindered investments in children's education and adequate coping with health emergencies. We identified important linkages with other forms of domestic abuse.
CONCLUSION
Economic abuse has the potential to trap women in abusive relationships. Effective interventions to reduce economic abuse and economically empower women such as financial inclusion programmes are urgently needed. Stricter penalisation of dowry-related violence and spousal abuse is also required.
Topics: Humans; Female; Child; Focus Groups; India; Income; Spouse Abuse; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 37798047
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012576 -
American Journal of Public Health Mar 2008We examined the association between psychological abuse in a current relationship and current cigarette smoking among women, with and without the co-occurrence of...
OBJECTIVES
We examined the association between psychological abuse in a current relationship and current cigarette smoking among women, with and without the co-occurrence of physical or sexual abuse.
METHODS
Women's experience of psychological abuse, experience of physical or sexual abuse, and smoking status were ascertained through a survey of female nurses. A score of 20 or more on the Women's Experience With Battering scale defined psychological abuse. We used logistic regression to predict current smoking, adjusting for demographic and social covariates. Analyses included women in a current relationship (n=54200).
RESULTS
Adjusted analyses demonstrated that women experiencing only psychological abuse alone were 33% (95% confidence interval [CI]=13%, 57%) more likely to smoke than nonabused women. Compared with nonabused women, psychologically abused women's risk of smoking was greater if they reported a single co-occurrence of physical or sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR]=1.5; 95% CI=1.3, 1.8) or multiple co-occurrences (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.7, 2.3).
CONCLUSIONS
Psychological abuse in a current relationship was associated with an increased risk of smoking in this cohort of largely White, well-educated, and employed women. The co-occurrence of physical or sexual abuse enhanced that risk. Further research is needed to see if these associations hold for other groups.
Topics: Adult; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Prevalence; Psychological Tests; Psychometrics; Risk Factors; Sex Offenses; Smoking; Spouse Abuse; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 17600272
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.037663 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 1997An estimated 12% to 30% of women are assaulted by their male partners at least once during the relationship. Therefore, in their everyday practice, physicians are likely... (Review)
Review
An estimated 12% to 30% of women are assaulted by their male partners at least once during the relationship. Therefore, in their everyday practice, physicians are likely to encounter women who have suffered domestic abuse. The authors define wife abuse, outline epidemiologic aspects and discuss common signs and symptoms. In cases of suspected or confirmed abuse, it is very important for physicians to document the details of the injuries, the patient visit, any treatment and follow-up as well as to screen for associated conditions and ensure that any samples taken are not tampered with. When asked to disclose information by police or courts, physicians need to know when they are obliged to submit copies of their patients' medical records, when patient consent is required, what information should be divulged and how to defend this information in court. The authors present information about the necessary, relevant and appropriate evidence to be collected and documented for both medical and legal purposes. They also discuss the criminal justice system and the role of physicians in legal proceedings concerning wife abuse.
Topics: Adult; Canada; Documentation; Female; Humans; Male; Physicians; Police; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 9099172
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Women's Health Aug 2020There are a paucity of directly reported intimate partner violence survivors' experiences, especially in women of color. This study measures recently/currently abused...
BACKGROUND
There are a paucity of directly reported intimate partner violence survivors' experiences, especially in women of color. This study measures recently/currently abused women's ratings of varied abuse events compared to ratings from never abused women.
METHODS
Women in a single, urban, public hospital emergency department (ED) were screened for intimate partner violence using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS). Two groups were identified - women abused within 1 year by an intimate partner or family member and those who screened negative for abuse. Using a two-group longitudinal survey and interview format, women completed visual analog scale ratings (0-100) for each of 20 abuse events/types. For analysis, each abuse type was placed on the 0-100 scale according to its designated rating.
RESULTS
Average age of participants in the abuse group (n = 30) was 33. Never abused women averaged age 50 (n = 32). The majority of participants were African-American: abused 67% and never abused 94%. Abused women rated name-calling (p < 0.02) and put-downs (p < 0.01) as more severe than never abused women. Other non-physical and physical forms of abuse such as threats, control, burns or forced sex were perceived more similarly between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Abused women perceive verbal abuse events differently compared to never abused women.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Cohort Studies; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Intimate Partner Violence; Longitudinal Studies; Sexual Partners; Spouse Abuse; Visual Analog Scale
PubMed: 32807147
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01043-0 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Apr 1996Domestic violence is a common problem that may affect more than a quarter of women. It is a complex area in which to undertake research. Studies often focus on selected... (Review)
Review
Domestic violence is a common problem that may affect more than a quarter of women. It is a complex area in which to undertake research. Studies often focus on selected populations and exhibit a diversity of design, making comparison difficult. This review focuses on physical violence by men against women partners or ex-partners, and exemplifies important issues for general practitioners. Domestic violence frequently goes undetected. This may be the result of doctor's fears of exploring an area perceived as time-consuming, where knowledge is lacking and where they feel powerless to 'fix' the situation. Women may not reveal that they are experiencing violence, sometimes because doctors are unsympathetic or hostile. Nevertheless, women wish to be asked routinely about physical abuse and want to receive immediate advice and information about their options if necessary. Women experience a range of health and social problems in association with domestic violence, including depression, anxiety, substance abuse and pregnancy complications. However, none of these features is specific enough to be useful as an indicator of violence. Therefore, doctors should routinely ask all women direct questions about abuse. This recommendation can be incorporated into guidelines, which should be implemented widely in the UK, to improve the care of women experiencing domestic violence. In parallel with this, the educational needs of general practitioners should be addressed. Further research is needed to establish the prevalence of domestic violence in women presenting to general practice and to investigate how the problem is currently being addressed. If progress is to be made in tackling domestic violence, action within primary care is just one part of this: a fundamental change in the attitudes of men towards women is required.
Topics: Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Physician-Patient Relations; Prevalence; Spouse Abuse; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 8703527
DOI: No ID Found -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 20061. To investigate the life-time prevalence of spousal physical abuse, history of childhood physical abuse, and child physical abuse among female outpatients and the...
OBJECTIVES
1. To investigate the life-time prevalence of spousal physical abuse, history of childhood physical abuse, and child physical abuse among female outpatients and the relationship between the three; 2. To investigate the characteristics of physical abuse; 3. To investigate the socio-demographic and cultural features of physical abuse.
METHOD
Domestic violence and its features were investigated for 3 generations in 100 female psychiatric outpatients using standard semi-structured interviews. SCID-I was used for psychiatric diagnoses. Clinical, socio-demographic, and family structure features were compared in abused and non-abused groups.
FINDINGS
Lifetime prevalence of spousal physical abuse was 62%, 63% of the patients were physically abused in their homes during childhood, and 51% reported that they physically abused their children. The spouse-abused and non-abused groups did not differ in education level, occupation, family income, age at marriage, form of marriage, and history of childhood domestic violence. Age, extended family, and an alcohol-consuming husband were significantly correlated with spousal physical abuse. Perpetrating child abuse was significantly correlated with history of childhood physical abuse and spousal physical abuse.
CONCLUSIONS
Domestic violence is a common problem among female psychiatric patients. Child abuse, spousal abuse, and history of childhood abuse are correlated.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse; Survivors; Turkey; Women's Health
PubMed: 16755411
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Open Aug 2023Despite the emphasis on empowerment in interventions supporting women against domestic violence and ending spousal abuse, there is still no standard and accurate...
INTRODUCTION
Despite the emphasis on empowerment in interventions supporting women against domestic violence and ending spousal abuse, there is still no standard and accurate instrument to evaluate women's empowerment in this field. This study proposes a protocol to fill this gap by developing and psychometrically testing a standardised instrument for assessing women's empowerment in dealing with domestic violence (WEDDV).
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This study will be conducted in Iran in a mixed method with a sequential exploratory design (qualitative-quantitative). In the first phase, qualitative methods will be used to generate items, rank and identify essential items for WEDDV conceptualisation. The data collection method in this phase includes semistructured face-to-face interviews with married women, a review of related literature, and a fuzzy Delphi method with participants with work experience and expertise about violence against women. Qualitative data analysis will be done using a content analysis strategy and MAXQDA 2020 software. In the second phase of the study, the psychometric properties of the instrument, including face, content and construct validity, and the instrument's reliability will be evaluated. Also, the psychometric features of the COSMIN checklist will be used in the design of this instrument.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with code (IR.SBMU.PHNS.REC.1400.011). The findings will be published in prestigious journals and presented at national and international conferences. We hope that these results can provide a practical framework for planning and organising domestic violence interventions for policy-makers, researchers and women's health and counselling service providers.
Topics: Female; Humans; Iran; Reproducibility of Results; Domestic Violence; Spouse Abuse; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 37597860
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073826