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The Eurasian Journal of Medicine Jun 2021Nowadays, the use of energetic substances has become a complex problem in sports, such that the role of anabolic-androgenic steroids is undeniable. This study aimed to...
OBJECTIVE
Nowadays, the use of energetic substances has become a complex problem in sports, such that the role of anabolic-androgenic steroids is undeniable. This study aimed to investigate the antiapoptotic effect of resistance training and in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanozolol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
35 rats divided into 7 groups including (1) sham, (2) stanozolol-treated, (3) stanozolol+50 mg/kg -treated, (4) stanozolol+100 mg/kg -treated, (5) stanozolol+resistance training-treated, (6) stanozolol+resistance training+50 mg/kg -treated, and (7) stanozolol+resistance training+100 mg/kg -treated. During 8 weeks, groups 2-7 received 5 mg/kg stanozolol per day peritoneally; groups 5-7 performed resistance training for 3 sessions per week; and groups 3, 4, 6 and 7 received daily doses of peritoneally.
RESULTS
Stanozolol administration significantly increased the BAX, BCL-2, P53, and caspase 3 and BAX/BCL-2 ratio ( < .001). Resistance training, 100 mg/kg administration, 50 mg/kg Tribulus terrestris administration, resistance training+100 mg/kg administration, and resistance training+50 mg/kg administration significantly decreased BAX, BCL-2, P53, and caspase 3 levels and BAX/BCL-2 ratio ( < .001); however, stanozolol+resistance training+100 mg/kg administration caused more decrease than stanozolol+resistance training+50 mg/kg administration in BAX ( < .001).
CONCLUSION
Resistance training and administration alone appear to have antiapoptotic effects; however, resistance training combined with Tribulus terrestris administration, especially at higher doses, have more desirable effects than resistance training or administration alone on the apoptosis markers.
PubMed: 34177287
DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2021.20051 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2021Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease transversal to all mammals, a source of chronic pain and disability, a huge burden to societies, with a significant toll in healthcare...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease transversal to all mammals, a source of chronic pain and disability, a huge burden to societies, with a significant toll in healthcare cost, while reducing productivity and quality of life. The dog is considered a useful model for the translational study of the disease, closely matching human OA, with the advantage of a faster disease progression while maintaining the same life stages. In a prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study, one hundred (N = 100) hip joints were selected and randomly assigned to five groups: control group (CG, n = 20, receiving a saline injection), triamcinolone hexacetonide group (THG, n = 20), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 20), stanozolol group (SG, n = 20) and hylan G-F 20 group (HG). Evaluations were conducted on days 0 (T0, treatment day), 8, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days post-treatment, consisting of weight distribution analysis and data from four Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI). Kaplan-Meier estimators were generated and compared with the Breslow test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of variables of interest on treatment survival. All results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and a significance level of p < 0.05 was set. Sample included joints of 100 pelvic limbs (of patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. Joints were graded as mild (n = 70), moderate (n = 20) and severe (n = 10) OA. No differences were found between groups at T0. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all treatments produced longer periods with better results in the various evaluations compared to CG. Patients in HG and PCG took longer to return to baseline values and scores. A higher impact on pain interference was observed in THG, with a 95% improvement over CG. PCG and HG experienced 57-81% improvements in functional evaluation and impairments due to OA, and may be a better options for these cases. This study documented the efficacy of several approaches to relieve OA clinical signs. These approaches varied in intensity and duration. HG and PCG where the groups were more significant improvements were observed throughout the follow-up periods, with lower variation in results.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Female; Male; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Platelets; Dog Diseases; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Hyaluronic Acid; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Pain Management; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Stanozolol; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Working Dogs
PubMed: 33542412
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82795-z -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Sep 2000To determine hepatotoxicity of stanozolol in cats and to identify clinicopathologic and histopathologic abnormalities in cats with stanozolol-induced hepatotoxicosis. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To determine hepatotoxicity of stanozolol in cats and to identify clinicopathologic and histopathologic abnormalities in cats with stanozolol-induced hepatotoxicosis.
DESIGN
Clinical trial and case series.
ANIMALS
12 healthy cats, 6 cats with chronic renal failure, and 3 cats with gingivitis and stomatitis.
PROCEDURES
Healthy cats and cats with renal failure were treated with stanozolol (25 mg, i.m., on the first day, then 2 mg, p.o., q 12 h) for 4 weeks. Cats with gingivitis were treated with stanozolol at a dosage of 1 mg, p.o., every 24 hours.
RESULTS
Most healthy cats and cats with renal failure developed marked inappetence, groomed less, and were less active within 7 to 10 days after initiation of stanozolol administration. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was significantly increased in 14 of 18 cats after stanozolol administration, but serum alkaline phosphatase activity was mildly increased in only 3. Four cats with serum ALT activity > 1,000 U/L after only 2 weeks of stanozolol administration had coagulopathies; administration of vitamin K resolved the coagulopathy in 3 of the 4 within 48 hours. All 18 cats survived, and hepatic enzyme activities were normal in all cats tested more than 4 weeks after stanozolol administration was discontinued. Two of the 3 cats with gingivitis developed evidence of severe hepatic failure 2 to 3 months after initiation of stanozolol treatment; both cats developed coagulopathies. Histologic evaluation of hepatic biopsy specimens from 5 cats revealed diffuse hepatic lipidosis and cholestasis without evidence of hepatocellular necrosis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggest that stanozolol is hepatotoxic in cats.
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Gingivitis; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Liver; Stanozolol; Stomatitis
PubMed: 10976299
DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.681 -
British Medical Journal Jan 1980
Topics: Humans; Sclerosis; Stanozolol
PubMed: 7427103
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.280.6209.254-d -
British Medical Journal Oct 1978
Topics: Behcet Syndrome; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stanozolol; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 709282
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6145.1163-c -
Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua... Feb 2022
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Danazol; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Humans; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; Stanozolol; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 35381679
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.02.013 -
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &... Apr 2019The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an anabolic steroid, stanozolol, in a model of atherosclerosis and to investigate the involvement of the modulation of...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an anabolic steroid, stanozolol, in a model of atherosclerosis and to investigate the involvement of the modulation of the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in vascular lipid deposition. Low-density lipid receptor-deficient (LDLr-/-) mice were fed a standard chow diet and were each week injected subcutaneously either saline (control C group) or 20 mg/kg stanozolol (S group). After 8 weeks, the levels of cholesterol, oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and cytokines were measured in plasma, lipid deposition in aorta was evaluated by en face analysis, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and oxidation protein were determined in liver. The S group demonstrated increases in vascular lipid deposition, triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol levels. Stanozolol increased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and decreased interleukin-10 as well as increased the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio. Furthermore, oxidative stress was observed in the S group, as indicated by an increase in the plasma OxLDL, as well as by lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins in the liver. Chronic treatment with stanozolol promoted lipid deposition in the LDLr mice that could be attributed to a modification of the circulating cytokine levels and systemic oxidative stress. Our results suggest that the anabolic steroid stanozolol in the absence of functional LDL receptors by increasing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress may increase the risk of development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Receptors, LDL; Stanozolol
PubMed: 30295413
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13143 -
PloS One 2014Elevated concentrations of testosterone and its synthetic analogs may induce changes in cardiovascular function. However, the effects of the combination of...
Elevated concentrations of testosterone and its synthetic analogs may induce changes in cardiovascular function. However, the effects of the combination of anabolic/androgenic steroid (AAS) treatment and exercise training on systolic and diastolic cardiac function are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose steroid treatment (stanozolol) on cardiac contractile parameters when this steroid treatment was combined with exercise training in rats and the effects of chronic steroid treatment on the Frank-Starling (length-tension curves) relationship. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: U (untrained), US (untrained and treated with stanozolol 5 mg/kg/week), T (trained, 16 m/min/1 h) and TS (trained and treated with stanozolol 5 mg/kg/week). Continuous exercise training was conducted 5 days/week for 8 consecutive weeks. The speed of the treadmill was gradually increased to a final setting of 16 m/min/1 h. Experiments were divided into two independent series: 1) central hemodynamic analysis for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) measurements and 2) isolated papillary muscle preparation in Krebs solution. Stanozolol treatment significantly increased the MAP and the heart size in untrained and trained rats (U 113±2; T 106±2; US 138±8 and TS 130±7 mmHg). Furthermore, stanozolol significantly decreased developed tension and dT/dt (maximal and minimal) in U rats. However, the developed tension was completely restored by training. The Frank/Starling relationship was impaired in rats treated with stanozolol; however, again, training completely restored diastolic function. Taken together, the present data suggest that AAS treatment is able to decrease cardiac performance (systolic and diastolic functions). The combination of stanozolol and physical training improved cardiac performance, including diastolic and systolic functions, independent of changes in central hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, changes in ventricular myocyte calcium transients may play a cardioprotective role.
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Exercise Test; Heart; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricles; Hematocrit; Hemodynamics; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Organ Size; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stanozolol; Steroids
PubMed: 24533053
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087106 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2014Candida species are the cause of 60% of all mycoses in immunosuppressed individuals, leading to ∼150,000 deaths annually due to systemic infections, whereas the...
Candida species are the cause of 60% of all mycoses in immunosuppressed individuals, leading to ∼150,000 deaths annually due to systemic infections, whereas the current antifungal therapies either have toxic side effects or are insufficiently efficient. We performed a screening of two compound libraries, the Enzo and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) oncology collection library, for anti-Candida activity based on the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. From a total of 844 drugs, 26 agents showed activity against Candida albicans. Of those, 12 were standard antifungal drugs (SADs) and 7 were off-target drugs previously reported to be active against Candida spp. The remaining 7 off-target drugs, amonafide, tosedostat, megestrol acetate, melengestrol acetate, stanozolol, trifluperidol, and haloperidol, were identified with this screen. The anti-Candida activities of the new agents were investigated by three individual assays using optical density, ATP levels, and microscopy. The antifungal activities of these drugs were comparable to those of the SADs found in the screen. The aminopeptidase inhibitor tosedostat, which is currently in a clinical trial phase for anticancer therapy, displayed a broad antifungal activity against different Candida spp., including Candida glabrata. Thus, this screen reveals agents that were previously unknown to be anti-Candida agents, which allows for the design of novel therapies against invasive candidiasis.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Candida; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Discovery; Drug Repositioning; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Glycine; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Small Molecule Libraries
PubMed: 24277040
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01087-13 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease with a high negative impact on patient's quality of life and a high financial burden. It is a source of chronic pain and affects all... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease with a high negative impact on patient's quality of life and a high financial burden. It is a source of chronic pain and affects all mammals, including humans and dogs. As the dog is a common model for translation research of human OA, and exploring spontaneous dog OA can improve the health and well-being of both humans and dogs. To describe the effect of the intra-articular administration of stanozolol in a naturally occurring canine OA model, forty canine (N = 40) hip joints were randomly assigned to receive stanozolol or saline (control). On treatment day and at 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment, several evaluations were conducted: weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, digital thermography, and radiographic signs. Also, synovial fluid C-reactive protein and interleukin-1 levels were evaluated. Results from four Clinical Metrology Instruments was also gathered. Results were compared with Repeated Measures ANOVA, with a Huynh-Feldt correction, paired-samples t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with p < 0.05. OA was graded as mild (90%), moderate (5%), and severe (5%), including both sexes. They had a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and a bodyweight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. No differences were found between groups at treatment day in all considered evaluations. Weight distribution showed significant improvements with stanozolol from 15 days (p < 0.05) up to 180 days (p < 0.01). Lower values during thermographic evaluation in both views taken and improved joint extension at 90 (p = 0.02) and 180 days (p < 0.01) were observed. Pain and function scores improved up to 180 days. In the control group, radiographic signs progressed, in contrast with stanozolol. The use of stanozolol was safe and produced significant improvements in weight-bearing, pain score, and clinical evaluations in a naturally occurring canine OA model.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Female; Injections, Intra-Articular; Male; Mammals; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Pain; Quality of Life; Stanozolol; Synovial Fluid
PubMed: 35393497
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09934-y