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Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Aug 1965Dr T E T Weston describes his research into the effect of noise on hearing acuity and of deafness in the aged. He found that presbyacusis is associated with a...
Dr T E T Weston describes his research into the effect of noise on hearing acuity and of deafness in the aged. He found that presbyacusis is associated with a multiplicity of factors, e.g. smoking, circulatory disturbance, urban domicile, heredity and occupational acoustic trauma.Miss W Galbraith describes the social implications of various degrees of deafness and the ways in which they can be overcome by such measures as lipreading, hearing aids and rehabilitation.Sir Terence Cawthorne discusses otosclerosis, nearly 1% of the population being affected by this type of deafness. He describes the modern operation of insertion of an artificial piston through the stapes and states that 90% of cases submitted to this operation will show immediate improvement, whilst 85% should still have retained this improvement at the end of two years.
Topics: Audiometry; Auditory Perception; Child; Deafness; England; Geriatrics; Hearing Aids; Hearing Disorders; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Humans; Lipreading; Male; Medicine; Noise; Ossicular Prosthesis; Otosclerosis; Presbycusis; Prostheses and Implants; Rehabilitation; Stapes; Stapes Surgery; Wales
PubMed: 14341856
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports Mar 2022This review briefly covers the history of stapedectomy, discusses the indications and problems encountered with revision surgery, and provides case examples with...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review briefly covers the history of stapedectomy, discusses the indications and problems encountered with revision surgery, and provides case examples with solutions.
RECENT FINDINGS
Revision surgery is challenging and successful outcome even in the most experienced specialists is 45-71%, which is far less than that of primary surgery.
SUMMARY
Careful evaluation of the reasons for reoperation, anticipation of the common problems, and patient education on reasonable expectations are all very important for success.
PubMed: 36204712
DOI: 10.1007/s40136-021-00379-x -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Feb 2021Otosclerosis is a disease process that usually starts around the oval window, causing fixation of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss. Treatment of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Otosclerosis is a disease process that usually starts around the oval window, causing fixation of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss. Treatment of the conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis consists of either rehabilitation with hearing aids or performing surgery. Given the risks of hearing impairment and vertigo associated with the surgery, there has been a desire to advance the practice to minimize the complications. The so-called "non-contact" or "no touch" techniques with the use of various lasers are in current practice. This review article will cover the surgical aspects, the theory behind laser and the various types used in stapes surgery. It will also review the evidence of laser versus conventional stapes surgery and the comparison of different laser types.
METHODS
A literature search up to December 2019 was performed using Pubmed and a nonsystematic review of appropriate articles was undertaken. Keywords used were stapes, surgery, laser, stapedectomy, and stapedotomy.
RESULTS
Overall, there is no evidence to say laser fenestration is better than conventional fenestration techniques; however, with the micro drill, there is an increased risk of footplate fracture and sensorineural hearing loss. There is an increased risk of tinnitus with the laser compared to conventional techniques. Studies have favored the CO laser over potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Erbium-YAG) lasers for postoperative closure of the air-bone gap; and KTP laser has less thermal, mechanical, and sound effects compared with the thulium and carbon dioxide (CO) lasers. There is an increased risk if inner ear complications with the thulium laser.
CONCLUSIONS
It can be deduced that theoretically and practically, the thulium laser is less safe compared to the KTP and CO lasers. The choice of laser used depends on the surgeon's preference, as well as availability, cost, side effects profile, as well as ease of use.
Topics: Hearing Loss, Conductive; Humans; Laser Therapy; Otosclerosis; Stapes Surgery; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32603217
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320937828 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Apr 2022To evaluate and classify developmental malformations of the human stapes.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and classify developmental malformations of the human stapes.
METHODS
Twenty-five temporal bone specimens from 18 patients with congenital stapes malformations were identified in the Mass Eye and Ear temporal bone collection. Serial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were examined by light microscopy and the morphology of the stapes was compared to age-matched controls.
RESULTS
Each case of stapes malformation could be classified into one of four malformation types based on our current understanding of the embryologic origin of the subunits of the stapes and timing of development. Twenty-seven percent of stapes malformations had a Type I morphology characterized by a hypoplastic or absent inner footplate and hypoplastic to absent mesoderm footplate or oval window. The crura and capitulum may be absent, monopodal or dysmorphic. Eleven percent expressed a Type II malformation with dysmorphic or monopodal capitulum and crura and a fixed footplate. Twenty-seven percent were of Type III with a dysmorphic or monopodal capitulum and or crura. The footplate, and thereby oval window is present and without fixation. The most common malformation, Type IV, was isolated footplate fixation observed in 33% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Malformations of the human stapes follow consistent patterns of early or late disruptions of the stapes subunits of mesodermal and/or neural crest origin. While the molecular events, including temporal coordination, that lead to a normally formed stapes are not yet fully understood, the observed patterns of human stapes malformation can be consistently classified into one of four patterns of developmental disruption.
Topics: Ear Ossicles; Ear, Middle; Humans; Ossicular Prosthesis; Stapes; Stapes Surgery
PubMed: 35120079
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003490 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal May 2022We report a rare case of traumatic stapes luxation into the vestibule. A 31-year-old female visited an emergency room with sudden onset of vertigo and conductive hearing...
We report a rare case of traumatic stapes luxation into the vestibule. A 31-year-old female visited an emergency room with sudden onset of vertigo and conductive hearing loss after accidental penetrating injury to the right ear. Temporal bone computed tomography detected pneumolabyrinth, with a shade of whole intact stapes in the vestibule. Under exploratory tympanotomy, we observed a separated incudostapedial joint, and the stapes was depressed into the vestibule. The stapes was pulled out to the middle ear, and stapedectomy was performed; the crus were cut, the suprastructure was removed, and the fractured footplate and the long process of the incus were connected with a piston wire. The stapes footplate was sealed with soft tissue and surgical glue. Vertigo rapidly subsided after surgery, and hearing was improved to normal range. However, hearing loss at high frequencies was not recovered, probably because of inner ear damage due to the stapes depressed into the vestibule or surgical manipulation within the vestibule. Traumatic ossicular dislocation is not an uncommon occurrence in otolaryngologic practice, but stapes luxation is rare. Here, we report a rare case with successful repair. This report could serve as a basis for proper treatment in similar cases in the future.
PubMed: 35638440
DOI: 10.1177/01455613221106215