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International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2021Two strains, H8/1 and H16/1A, of Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from separate healthy domestic dogs in Scotland. Both strains were...
Two strains, H8/1 and H16/1A, of Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from separate healthy domestic dogs in Scotland. Both strains were genome sequenced and their inferred DNA-DNA hybridisation indicates that H8/1 and H16/1A represent two novel species of the genus . On the basis of the results of genome sequence analysis (genome blast distance phylogeny and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis) H8/1 is most closely related to and H16/1A most closely related to . Also, average nucleotide identity distinguished H8/1 and H16/1A from and as did minor phenotypic differences. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that H8/1 and H16/1A represent novel species with the respective names and . The type strain of is H8/1 (=NCTC 14452=CCUG 74789). The type strain of is H16/1A (=NCTC 14451=CCUG 74790).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Scotland; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 34296985
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004878 -
ELife Oct 2021Methicillin-resistant (MRSP) is an important emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe skin infections. To combat infections from drug-resistant bacteria, the...
Methicillin-resistant (MRSP) is an important emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe skin infections. To combat infections from drug-resistant bacteria, the transplantation of commensal antimicrobial bacteria as a therapeutic has shown clinical promise. We screened a collection of diverse staphylococcus species from domestic dogs and cats for antimicrobial activity against MRSP. A unique strain ( C4) was isolated from feline skin that inhibited MRSP and multiple gram-positive pathogens. Whole genome sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed several secreted antimicrobials including a thiopeptide bacteriocin micrococcin P1 and phenol-soluble modulin beta (PSMβ) peptides that exhibited antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. Fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that antimicrobials inhibited translation and disrupted bacterial but not eukaryotic cell membranes. Competition experiments in mice showed that significantly reduced MRSP skin colonization and an antimicrobial extract from significantly reduced necrotic skin injury from MRSP infection. These findings indicate a feline commensal bacterium that could be utilized in bacteriotherapy against difficult-to-treat animal and human skin infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteriocins; Cats; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mass Spectrometry; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 34664551
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.66793 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Understanding the distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS)...
Diversity and Risk Factors Associated with Multidrug and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Isolated from Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Clinic in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Understanding the distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolated from cats admitted to veterinary clinics may decrease the risk of MDR and MRS transmission to humans and other cats. As such, the objectives of this study were to investigate the diversity in spp. recovered from different anatomical locations in healthy and diseased cats and to determine the occurrence of MDR and MRS spp. as well as possible risk factors associated with colonization in these cats. Five swabs were collected from the anus, skin, ear canal, conjunctival sac, and nares of each cat (209 healthy and 191 diseased) admitted to a veterinary clinic in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between January and December 2018. Prior to sample collection, cat owners completed a questionnaire collecting information on cat demographics, health status, management, and antimicrobial usage. In total, 179 isolates were recovered from healthy ( = 71) and diseased ( = 108) cats, including 94 (52.5%) coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS), and 85 (47.5%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Five spp. were identified, namely, , , , , and . isolates were most commonly resistant to penicillin (56.4%) and ciprofloxacin (25.7%); however, no isolate was resistant to clindamycin. Thirty (16.8%) spp. (24 and 6 ) isolates were MDR, with resistance to up to six different antibiotic classes. Only 17 (9.5%) spp. (15 methicillin-resistant and 2 methicillin-resistant ) harbored the gene. Risk factor analysis showed that cats with a history of antibiotic therapy, those raised mainly indoors with a child, and those who visit a veterinary clinic for treatment were at higher risk of MDR and MRS colonization. In conclusion, MDR and MRS were common in healthy and diseased cats in Saudi Arabia. Thus, an effective antimicrobial stewardship program and further studies using a One Health approach are required to investigate the role of cats as vectors for AMR transmission to humans.
PubMed: 33807318
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040367 -
Genome Announcements May 2018Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens frequently encountered in nosocomial infections. Animal-associated CoNS pose a zoonotic risk and...
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens frequently encountered in nosocomial infections. Animal-associated CoNS pose a zoonotic risk and constitute a potential reservoir for virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. To improve our knowledge of animal-associated CoNS, we sequenced the complete genomes of (ATCC 49168) and (ATCC 43959).
PubMed: 29773625
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00404-18 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2023Pseudomembranous cystitis (PMC) in cats is a recognized disease, but concurrent mineralization is reported rarely and its outcome is poorly described.
BACKGROUND
Pseudomembranous cystitis (PMC) in cats is a recognized disease, but concurrent mineralization is reported rarely and its outcome is poorly described.
HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES
Describe a population of cats with PMC and the prevalence of concurrent mineralization.
ANIMALS
Twenty-six cats with PMC.
METHODS
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed (January 2016 to December 2021). Cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of PMC were included. Clinicopathologic results, imaging, treatment, and outcome were reviewed.
RESULTS
All cats were male and 21 (80%) were diagnosed with urethral obstruction (UO). Five cats (23.8%) had positive urine culture (Staphylococcus felis, 3/5; Proteus mirabilis, 2/5) with a median urine pH of 8 (range, 6-9). All cats had ultrasonographic changes suggestive of mineralization. On ultrasound examination, 10 cats (38.5%) had pseudomembranes with acoustic shadowing suggestive of mineralization, 15 (57.7%) had changes indicative of ulceration, and 8 (31%) had changes compatible with of a urachal anomaly. Twenty-two cats received medical treatment, 4 underwent surgery (3 percutaneous cystolithotomy, 1 cystotomy). Twenty cats (77%) survived to discharge. Follow-up ultrasound examination indicated resolution of PMC in 6/7 cats, 4 had persistent hyperechoic bladder lining. Five of 12 cats with follow-up had a relapse of lower urinary tract signs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Pseudomembranous cystitis was diagnosed mainly in male cats with UO and imaging findings suggestive of mineralization were present in all cases. Frequent negative urine culture suggests a different etiology than encrusting cystitis related to urease-positive bacteria. Good outcomes can be achieved with medical management.
Topics: Cats; Male; Animals; Female; Retrospective Studies; Cystitis; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Calculi; Urethral Obstruction; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37497780
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16819 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Jan 2015Healthcare waste (HCW) might potentially harbor infective viable microorganisms in sanitary landfills. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the...
INTRODUCTION
Healthcare waste (HCW) might potentially harbor infective viable microorganisms in sanitary landfills. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the occurrence of the mecA gene in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains (CoNS) recovered from the leachate of the HCW in an untreated sanitary landfill.
METHODOLOGY
Bacterial identification was performed by physiological and molecular approaches, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial drugs were determined by the agar dilution method according to CLSI guidelines. All oxacillin-resistant bacteria were screened for the mecA gene.
RESULTS
Out of 73 CoNS, seven different species were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing: Staphylococcus felis (64.4%; n = 47), Staphylococcus sciuri (26.0%; n = 19), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.7%; n = 2), Staphylococcus warneri (2.7%; n = 2), Staphylococcus lentus (1.4%; n = 1), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1.4%; n = 1), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1.4%; n = 1). Penicillin was the least effective antimicrobial (60.3% of resistance; n = 44) followed by erythromycin (39.8%; n = 29), azithromycin (28.8%; n = 21), and oxacillin (16.5%; n = 12). The most effective drug was vancomycin, for which no resistance was observed, followed by gentamicin and levofloxacin, for which only intermediate resistance was observed (22%, n = 16 and 1.4%, n = 1, respectively). Among the oxacillin-resistant strains, the mecA gene was detected in two isolates.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the high antimicrobial resistance observed, our results raise concerns about the survival of putative bacterial pathogens carrying important resistance markers in HCW and their environmental spread through untreated residues discharged in sanitary landfills.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Medical Waste; Medical Waste Disposal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Waste Disposal Facilities
PubMed: 25596568
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.4563 -
MSphere Apr 2024Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and actinic keratoses (AK) display microbial dysbiosis with an enrichment of staphylococcal species, which have been...
UNLABELLED
Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and actinic keratoses (AK) display microbial dysbiosis with an enrichment of staphylococcal species, which have been implicated in AK and SCC progression. SCCs are common in both felines and canines and are often diagnosed at late stages leading to high disease morbidity and mortality rates. Although recent studies support the involvement of the skin microbiome in AK and SCC progression in humans, there is no knowledge of this in companion animals. Here, we provide microbiome data for SCC in cats and dogs using culture-independent molecular profiling and show a significant decrease in microbial alpha diversity on SCC lesions compared to normal skin ( 0.05). Similar to human skin cancer, SCC samples had an elevated abundance of staphylococci relative to normal skin-50% (6/12) had >50% staphylococci, as did 16% (4/25) of perilesional samples. Analysis of at the species level revealed an enrichment of the pathogenic species in cat SCC samples, a higher prevalence of in dogs, and a higher abundance of compared to normal skin in both companion animals. Additionally, a comparison of previously published human SCC and perilesional samples against the present pet samples revealed that was the most prevalent genera across human and companion animals for both sample types. Similarities between the microbial profile of human and cat/dog SCC lesions should facilitate future skin cancer research.
IMPORTANCE
The progression of precancerous actinic keratosis lesions (AK) to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is poorly understood in humans and companion animals, despite causing a significant burden of disease. Recent studies have revealed that the microbiota may play a significant role in disease progression. has been found in high abundance on AK and SCC lesions, where it secretes DNA-damaging toxins, which could potentiate tumorigenesis. Currently, a suitable animal model to investigate this relationship is lacking. Thus, we examined the microbiome of cutaneous SCC in pets, revealing similarities to humans, with increased staphylococci and reduced commensals on SCC lesions and peri-lesional skin compared to normal skin. Two genera that were in abundance in SCC samples have also been found in human oral SCC lesions. These findings suggest the potential suitability of pets as a model for studying microbiome-related skin cancer progression.
Topics: Cats; Dogs; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Microbiota; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Cat Diseases; Staphylococcus; Dog Diseases; Keratosis, Actinic
PubMed: 38530017
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00555-23 -
BMC Veterinary Research Mar 2023Bloodstream infections are a matter of concern in small animal veterinary practice. Few reports are avaiable, especially regarding the role of opportunistic bacteria in...
BACKGROUND
Bloodstream infections are a matter of concern in small animal veterinary practice. Few reports are avaiable, especially regarding the role of opportunistic bacteria in becoming infectious. This report aims to add to the current veterinary literature on two opportunistic bacterial species (Enterococcus hirae and Enterobacter xiangfangensis) associated with bloodstream infections in small animals admitted to the Bologna University Veterinary Hospital.
CASE PRESENTATION
In the first case, a 15-year-old, immunocompromised, cardiopathic dog was admitted to the hospital for anorexia and diarrhea. The patient had a history of previous surgery and hospitalization. After three days, hyperthermia, leukopenia and hyperlactatemia were recorded, and blood culture revealed positivity for Enterococcus hirae, identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The patient's general conditions progressively worsened, and the patient was euthanized. In the second case, a 2-year-old cat with chronic ocular herpesvirus infection and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was admitted to the hospital for anorexia and hyperthermia. The cat was hospitalized one week before and received antimicrobial treatment for urinary tract infection by Staphylococcus felis. Hypokalemia and lymphopenia were also diagnosed. The patient progressively improved and was discharged after three days. On the same day, blood culture taken at admission revealed positivity for Enterobacter xiangfangensis, identified using MALDI-TOF MS. After five days, the patient returned with neurological symptoms, hypothermia and bradycardia, and was euthanized.
CONCLUSIONS
In small animal veterinary practice, the impact of opportunistic bacterial agents (such as E.hirae and E.xiangfangensis) on bloodstream infections remains unclear. As in human medicine, they can be contracted in every healthcare setting and considered hospital-acquired infections. In this report, we highlighted the threat they pose especially in patients with multiple risk factors. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools (such as MALDI-TOF MS) could be particularly important for reducing the severity of the infections.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Enterococcus hirae; Pets; Anorexia; Sepsis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 36966282
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03615-2 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Bacterial infections are a significant cause of illness and death in different animals. However, these bacterial infections could be a source of human disease or illness...
Bacterial infections are a significant cause of illness and death in different animals. However, these bacterial infections could be a source of human disease or illness if these pathogenic bacteria are present in companion animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria associated with different site infections in cats in the Republic of Korea. For this purpose, samples were collected from the skin/ear, urine, respiratory, and diarrheal stool origins of cats obtained between 2018 and 2019 from seven different laboratories and centers participating in the Korean Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. These samples were subjected to analysis for the identification and isolation of associated bacterial species using a bacterial culture approach. A total of 609 isolates were identified in four different cat samples. Among them, 267, 184, 57, and 101 were extracted from diarrheal stool, skin, urine, and respiratory samples, respectively. The findings of this study showed that was the most prevalent species among isolated bacterial species of diarrheal stool and urine origin. and were most prevalent in the skin and respiratory tract, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in bacterial distribution among the different age groups in all samples. This is the first nationwide surveillance report that associates bacterial prevalence with their site of origin and helps in the prevention of bacterial infections in cats. Moreover, the pattern of bacterial prevalence could provide sufficient guidance for the selection of empirical antimicrobial therapy against infections in cats.
PubMed: 35335648
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030324 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... May 1991
PubMed: 17423789
DOI: No ID Found