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GMS Hygiene and Infection Control 2020The first infections of methicillin-resistant in humans were recorded in 2006, and is now becoming a concern because of its close similarities to human pathogens in the... (Review)
Review
The first infections of methicillin-resistant in humans were recorded in 2006, and is now becoming a concern because of its close similarities to human pathogens in the group (SIG). These bacteria have all the properties which a multidrug-resistant possesses. The literature was searched using the term "" in PubMed and other reference databases. The virulence factor and the pathogenicity are under investigation, but reports have suggested that this commensal of animals is transmitted easily via close contact to animals by owners, veterinarians and staff. Resistance to beta-lactams (including methicillin) is a primary concern. Drug resistance to methicillin is a considerable problem in developing countries, as antibiotic use is not regulated. Studies from Europe have reported multidrug resistant isolates from clinical specimens. Although data on drug resistance and pathogenesis of are not sufficient, it is extremely important to identify the pathogen correctly. Only then can its pathogenesis be studied during the course of disease and appropriate measures developed to prevent it becoming a global problem.
PubMed: 33391967
DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000367 -
Veterinary Medicine International 2022In veterinary medicine, three species are of particular importance as primary causes of specific diseases; (mastitis in ruminants, equine botryomycosis, and bumble...
BACKGROUND
In veterinary medicine, three species are of particular importance as primary causes of specific diseases; (mastitis in ruminants, equine botryomycosis, and bumble foot in poultry), (porcine exudative epidermitis), and (canine pyoderma). The disease conditions caused by in poultry vary with site, route, and predisposing factors include wounds as a result of fighting/cannibalism, immunosuppression based on virus infection or parasite infestation, and bad husbandry conditions (overcrowding). The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify spp from chicken and chicken litter and personnel at chicken farm and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on apparently healthy chickens, farm personnel, and chicken litter at poultry farms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 222 samples consisting of 101 cloacal swabs, 90 tracheal swabs, 17 pooled litter swabs, 7 nasal swabs, and 7 pooled hand and boot swabs were collected from six farms and examined for the presence of species. Antimicrobial resistance against 10 antimicrobial agents was also conducted following recommended standard procedures.
RESULTS
Overall proportion of was 64/222 (28.83%). Of the isolates, 40/64 (62.5%), 11/64 (17.2%), 3/64 (4.7%), and 10/64 (15.6%), were , , , and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), respectively. Only one isolate of was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Of the 10 antibiotics tested, the isolates demonstrated highest resistance against Penicillin G (96.9%) followed by Tetracycline (78.1%), and Amoxicillin and Erythromycin at the same level (65.6%). Conversely, the isolates were highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (95.3%) followed by Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (85.9%). Out of 64 isolates, 61/64 (95.3%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials tested. Of the isolates, 38/40 (95%) 10/11 (90.9%) , 3/3 (100%) , and 10/10 (100%) CNS showed multidrug resistance.
CONCLUSION
This study showed a considerable proportion of spp in chicken litter and farm workers with a potential source of resistant species, and more importantly multidrug resistance strains. Further studies on molecular characterization of the isolates will be essential to identify the resistant genes and establish epidemiological links in the transmission dynamics of resistant species between poultry and humans.
PubMed: 35663248
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9084334 -
Microorganisms Feb 2020Members of the genus are widespread in nature and occupy a variety of niches, however, staphylococcal colonization of animals in the Antarctic environment has not been...
Members of the genus are widespread in nature and occupy a variety of niches, however, staphylococcal colonization of animals in the Antarctic environment has not been adequately studied. Here, we describe the first isolation and characterization of two group (SIG) members, and in Antarctic wildlife. were found exclusively in Adélie penguins. The report of from Weddell seals confirmed its occurrence in all families of the suborder Caniformia. Partial RNA polymerase beta-subunit ( gene sequencing, repetitive PCR fingerprinting with the (GTG) primer, and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry gave consistent identification results and proved to be suitable for identifying SIG members. Comparative genomics of isolates revealed variable genomic elements, including new prophages, a novel phage-inducible chromosomal island, and numerous putative virulence factors. Surface and extracellular protein distribution were compared between genomes and showed strain-specific profiles. The pathogenic potential of was enhanced by a novel type of exfoliative toxin, trypsin-like serine protease cluster, and enterotoxin C. Detailed analysis of phenotypic characteristics performed on six Antarctic isolates of and eight reference strains from different animal sources enabled us to emend the species description of .
PubMed: 32024111
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020204 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2020Six strains were isolated from healthy black bears () in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome, 16S...
Six strains were isolated from healthy black bears () in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome, 16S rRNA, , , and genes, and MALDI-TOF-MS main spectral profiles revealed that the strains belonged to one species and showed the closest relatedness to members of the ' group' (SIG), which include , and . The strains were positive in SIG-specific and negative in individual species-specific PCR assays for the gene. The strains can be differentiated from the other SIG species by the absence of sucrose fermentation, from DSM 20373, CCUG 49543 and DSM 105366 by the absence of methyl β-d-glucopyranoside fermentation and from DSM 20771 by fermentation of trehalose. DNA relatedness of the type strain MI 10-1553 with the type strains of , , and was ≤48.2 % by digital DNA-DNA hybridization and ≤92.3 % by average nucleotide identity calculations. Iso-, anteiso-C and anteiso-C were the most common fatty acids. Polar lipids consisted of phosphadidylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipid. Cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type A3α l-Lys-Gly (Ser; similar to A11.2 and A11.3). The respiratory quinone belonged to menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The G+C content of MI 10-1553 was 39.3 mol%. The isolated strains represent a novel species of the genus , for which we propose the name sp. nov. The type strain is MI 10-1553 (=ATCC TSD-55=CCOS 1900).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus intermedius; Tennessee; Ursidae; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 32672529
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004324 -
Journal of Medicine and Life 2015Dogs are a major reservoir for zoonotic infections. Dogs transmit several viral and bacterial diseases to humans. Zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to human by... (Review)
Review
Dogs are a major reservoir for zoonotic infections. Dogs transmit several viral and bacterial diseases to humans. Zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to human by infected saliva, aerosols, contaminated urine or feces and direct contact with the dog. Viral infections such as rabies and norovirus and bacterial infections including Pasteurella, Salmonella, Brucella, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira, Staphylococcus intermedius and Methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus are the most common viral and bacterial zoonotic infections transmitted to humans by dogs. This review, focused on the mentioned infectious diseases by describing general information, signs and symptoms, transmission ways, prevention and treatment of the infection. As far as the infections are concerned, the increase of the knowledge and the awareness of dog owners and the general population regarding zoonotic infections could significantly mitigate zoonoses transmission and consequently their fatal complications.
PubMed: 28316698
DOI: No ID Found -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Staphylococci from the - species group include numerous animal pathogens and are an important reservoir of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants. Due to...
Staphylococci from the - species group include numerous animal pathogens and are an important reservoir of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants. Due to their pathogenic potential, they are possible causative agents of zoonoses in humans; therefore, it is important to address the properties of these strains. Here we used a polyphasic taxonomic approach to characterize the coagulase-negative staphylococcal strain NRL/St 03/464, isolated from the nostrils of a healthy laboratory rat during a microbiological screening of laboratory animals. The 16S rRNA sequence, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and positive urea hydrolysis and beta-glucuronidase tests clearly distinguished it from closely related spp. All analyses have consistently shown that the closest relative is ; however, values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization <35.3% and an average nucleotide identity <81.4% confirmed that the analyzed strain is a distinct species. Whole-genome sequencing and expert annotation of the genome revealed the presence of novel variable genetic elements, including two plasmids named pSR9025A and pSR9025B, prophages, genomic islands and a composite transposon that may confer selective advantages to other bacteria and enhance their survival. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic data obtained in this study, the strain NRL/St 03/464 (= CCM 9025 = LMG 31873 = DSM 111348) represents a novel species with the suggested name sp. nov.
PubMed: 35055999
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010051 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2021Mastitis is one of the major global problems severely affecting the dairy sector. species are the primary bacteria consistently identified from mastitic milk. This...
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mastitis and Isolation, Identification and Antibiogram of Species from Mastitis Positive Zebu Cows in Toke Kutaye, Cheliya, and Dendi Districts, West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
PURPOSE
Mastitis is one of the major global problems severely affecting the dairy sector. species are the primary bacteria consistently identified from mastitic milk. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of mastitis, isolate species, determine risk factors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of species from mastitic Zebu cows in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 404 lactating Zebu cows were tested for mastitis. Isolation and identification of from mastitis positive samples were done by bacteriological culture and biochemical tests. Further identification of coagulase-negative (CNS) species and antimicrobial susceptibility test of the and the CNS was done by the Phoenix machine. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the prevalence of mastitis while the Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association between the prevalence of mastitis and the risk factors and the magnitude of association, respectively.
RESULTS
The present study showed an overall cow and quarter level mastitis prevalence of 30.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]:26.0-35.2) and 8.3% (95% CI 7.0-9.8), respectively. The quarter level isolation rate of species was 38.6% (95% CI: 30.1-47.6). Five species namely , and were identified. The latter two are CNS and were identified for the first time in Ethiopia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed none of the isolates of , 100% of , and 87.5% of species were multidrug-resistant. The independent predictors of mastitis (p<0.05) were the age of the cows, stage of lactation, type of housing, the interval of bedding cleaning, and previous history of mastitis.
CONCLUSION
The study showed a high prevalence of mastitis, species, and multidrug resistant , and in Zebu cows.
PubMed: 33737821
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S295257 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021extracts from the seeds collected from Lampang and Pattani provinces in Thailand, and young fruits and flowers exhibited in vitro display antioxidant and antibacterial...
extracts from the seeds collected from Lampang and Pattani provinces in Thailand, and young fruits and flowers exhibited in vitro display antioxidant and antibacterial activities against clinically isolated zoonotic bacteria including , , , -hemolytic and . The orange crystals and yellow precipitates were obtained from the preparation processes of the seed extracts. The orange-red crystals from the seeds collected from Lampang province exhibited strong in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (EC value = 25.99 ± 3.30 μg/mL) and antibacterial effects on and -hemolytic while the yellow precipitate from the same source exhibited only antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in samples by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques showed that they contained different amounts of total phenolic, total flavonoid and three major flavones; baicalin, baicalein and chrysin contents. Young fruit extract, which contained low amounts of flavone contents, still promoted antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria with IC values lower than 1 mg/mL and MIC values between 4 to 10 mg/mL in and while higher IC and MIC values against and -hemolytic were found. From scanning electron microscopy, the extract of the young fruit of promoted morphological changes in the bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial cell walls, inducing leakage of the cellular content, and generating the abnormal accumulation of cells. The mechanism of action of the extract for this antibacterial effect may be the disruption of the cell membrane and abnormal cell aggregations. Regression analysis of the results suggests the correlation between total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Baicalin was found to have a high correlation with an inhibitory effect against -hemolytic while three unidentified peaks, which could be flavones, showed high correlations with an inhibitory effect against , , and .
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Zoonoses; Flavones; Lamiales; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 33809943
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061773 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA) in animals are becoming more pathogenic and antibiotic resistant and can potentially disseminate to humans....
INTRODUCTION
Staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA) in animals are becoming more pathogenic and antibiotic resistant and can potentially disseminate to humans. However, there is little synthesized information regarding SOSA from animals in Africa. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of SOSA in companion animals (pets) and livestock in Africa.
METHOD
This systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42021252303) was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and 75 eligible studies from 13 countries were identified until August 2022. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science) were employed.
RESULTS
The frequently isolated SOSA were , and . Thirty (40%) studies performed antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Penicillin (58%) and tetracycline (28%) resistance were most common across all SOSA with high rates of resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in some species. Resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as linezolid and fusidic acid were also reported. Limited data on strain typing and molecular resistance mechanisms precluded analysis of the clonal diversity of SOSA on the continent.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this review indicate that research on livestock-associated SOSA in Africa is lacking in some regions such as Central and Western Africa, furthermore, research on companion animals and more advanced methods for identification and strain typing of SOSA need to be encouraged.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021252303.
PubMed: 36583033
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1059054