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Scientifica 2022Thailand was proposed to be rich unexplored source of microorganisms, especially bacterial strains. There should be bacteria with high secondary metabolite production...
Secondary Metabolism Gene Diversity and Cocultivation toward Isolation and Identification of Potent Bioactive Compounds Producing Bacterial Strains from Thailand's Natural Resources.
Thailand was proposed to be rich unexplored source of microorganisms, especially bacterial strains. There should be bacteria with high secondary metabolite production potential in the natural resources that are still unidentified. Moreover, they might not produce secondary metabolites in standard laboratory culture condition after isolation, in which coculture condition would help us pursuing the bacteria to produce bioactive metabolites. Here, we aimed to identify new bacterial strains with high secondary metabolite production potential from Thailand's natural resources. To achieve the goal, we performed bacteria isolation, phylogenetic analysis, degenerate PCR of secondary metabolism genes, cocultivation, antibacterial analysis, and HPLC chemical profiling. We isolated distinct 40 bacterial strains, which have over 98% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with known species. There were 22, 31, and 29 strains giving positive PCR amplification of NRPS, PKS, and TPS genes, respectively. Among them, RSUCC0101 had the highest number of PCR products, 26. In standard single culture condition, crude extracts prepared from RSUCC0021 and RSUCC0282 could inhibit the growth of ATCC25923. Furthermore, the cocultivation and HPLC analyses showed that the extracts prepared from 3 pairs of culture between sp. RSUCC0020, RSUCC0053, sp. RSUCC0087, and RSUCC0090 could inhibit the growth of ATCC25923 and produced distinct chemical profiles from their single culture condition. Our study led to the isolation and identification of several promising bacterial strains for production of secondary metabolites that might be useful in biomedical applications.
PubMed: 35677864
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2827831 -
Heliyon Mar 2022Contact lens (CL) wear has been reported to cause changes to the microbiome of the ocular surface. More insight into the alteration of this microenvironment can help to...
INTRODUCTION
Contact lens (CL) wear has been reported to cause changes to the microbiome of the ocular surface. More insight into the alteration of this microenvironment can help to understand the pathogenesis of CL-related eye infections. Knowledge of the relationship between the CL wearer's behaviours and pathogens would help health care providers focus on each step of proper CL care. This study aims to determine the behaviours that might be associated with the community of bacteria on CL.
METHODS
A cross-sectional design was performed using anonymous questionnaires to obtain demographic data and assess hygiene practices among volunteering wearers. The CLs used were collected to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria associated with ocular infections by PCR and microbiota analysis.
RESULTS
The bacterial microbiota study revealed a total of 19 genera and 26 isolated strains from 20 eligible CLs. and were the main genus in this subject population. and were the most common pathogens at 65% and 35%, respectively. , a nonpathogenic organism, was found to be the most predominant strain, accounting for 27.51% of the total bacterial constituents. The risk behaviour of CL wear that was significantly associated with s contamination was cleaning the CL case with tap water ( value = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study focusing on the association between the culture selected microbial community on the CL surface and compehensive behavioural characteristics. Environmental contamination was the main source of microbes found on CL surfaces. An emphasis in patient education should be placed on careful handling during the CL care routine and managing the hygiene of the surroundings.
PubMed: 35265768
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09038 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria, which represents a public health concern. The aim of this work was...
Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Virulence Factors, and Biofilm Formation in Coagulase-Negative spp. Isolates from European Hakes ( L.) Caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria, which represents a public health concern. The aim of this work was to characterize 27 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from eight wild Northeast Atlantic hakes (, L.) and taxonomically identified as ( = 16), ( = 4), ( = 3), ( = 2), ( = 1), and ( = 1). Biofilm formation was evaluated with a microtiter assay, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, and antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants were detected by PCR. Our results showed that all staphylococci produced biofilms and that 92.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, mainly penicillin (88.8%), fusidic acid (40.7%), and erythromycin (37%). The penicillin resistance gene () was detected in 66.6% (18) of the isolates, of which 10 also carried resistance genes to macrolides and lincosamides (, , , or ), 4 to fusidic acid (), and 3 to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (). At least one virulence gene (, , , and/or ) was detected in 48% of the isolates. This study suggests that wild European hake destined for human consumption could act as a vector of CoNS carrying antibiotic resistance genes and/or virulence factors.
PubMed: 38133330
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121447 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Lactic acid bacteria are very important in winemaking. In this study, 108 lactic acid bacteria isolates were obtained from high-ethanol-content (~17% (/)) Grenache wines...
Lactic acid bacteria are very important in winemaking. In this study, 108 lactic acid bacteria isolates were obtained from high-ethanol-content (~17% (/)) Grenache wines during uninoculated malolactic fermentation (MLF). The 16S rRNA and species-specific PCR showed that 104 of these were , three were , and one was . AFLP of III and I digests of the genomic DNA of the strains was developed for the first time to discriminate the strains. The results showed that the method was a suitable technique for discriminating the strains. Based on the cluster analysis, nine strains were chosen for inclusion in an ethanol tolerance assay involving monitoring of optical density (ABS) and viable plating. Several strains (G63, G46, G71, G39) survived and grew well in MRS-AJ with 17% (/) ethanol, while the commercial reference strain did not. Strain G63 could also survive and grow for 168 h after inoculation in MRS-AJ medium with 19% (/) ethanol. These results suggest that G63, G46, G71, and G39 could potentially be used as MLF starters for high-ethanol-content wines. All three strains could survive and grow in MRS-AJ with 19% (/) ethanol, perhaps also indicating their suitability as next-generation MLF starter cultures.
PubMed: 35563954
DOI: 10.3390/foods11091231 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2021This study aimed to evaluate the possible ability of dental impression tray adhesives to serve as a transmission medium for bacteria and fungi when reusable adhesive...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the possible ability of dental impression tray adhesives to serve as a transmission medium for bacteria and fungi when reusable adhesive applicators are utilized.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten flasks with tray adhesive were monitored over a period of 12 weeks during clinical use for contamination with bacteria or fungi. Adhesive fluid samples were cultivated on eight different culture media. All grown colonies were identified by using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Isolates without reliable identification were either identified by Rapid ID 32 API-STREP V3.0 or by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes.
RESULTS
After 4 weeks, bacterial growth was detected on chocolate blood agar plates in five different samples. The bacterial species were identified as Staphylococcus warnerii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Ralstonia insidiosa, and Alloiococcus otitidis. After 8 weeks Streptococcus oralis grew on a blood agar plate. In all samples, no fungi were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
The disinfectant component of the tested tray adhesive seems to be effective. However, some bacteria survived in the flask for a clinically relevant time, which might result in a potential transmission to a new host.
Topics: Agar; Bacteria; Culture Media; Dental Cements; Dental Impression Technique; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33955697
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.432 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Sep 2013Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of cereal gluten proteins. This disorder is associated with imbalances in the gut...
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of cereal gluten proteins. This disorder is associated with imbalances in the gut microbiota composition that could be involved in the pathogenesis of CD. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition and diversity of the cultivable duodenal mucosa-associated bacteria of CD patients and control children. Duodenal biopsy specimens from patients with active disease on a gluten-containing diet (n = 32), patients with nonactive disease after adherence to a gluten-free diet (n = 17), and controls (n = 8) were homogenized and plated on plate count agar, Wilkins-Chalgren agar, brain heart agar, or yeast, Casitone, and fatty acid agar. The isolates were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Renyi diversity profiles showed the highest diversity values for active CD patients, followed by nonactive CD patients and control individuals. Members of the phylum Proteobacteria were more abundant in patients with active CD than in the other child groups, while those of the phylum Firmicutes were less abundant. Members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae, particularly the species Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus pasteuri, were more abundant in patients with active disease than in controls. In contrast, members of the family Streptococcaceae were less abundant in patients with active CD than in controls. Furthermore, isolates of the Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus mutans groups were more abundant in controls than in both CD patient groups, regardless of inflammatory status. The findings indicated that the disease is associated with the overgrowth of possible pathobionts that exclude symbionts or commensals that are characteristic of the healthy small intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Biodiversity; Biopsy; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Duodenum; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23835180
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00869-13 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Feb 2011To test some safety-related properties within 321 staphylococci strains isolated from food and food environments.
AIMS
To test some safety-related properties within 321 staphylococci strains isolated from food and food environments.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus xylosus. Decarboxylase activity was quite common for the various Staphylococcus spp., and tyrosine was the most frequently decarboxylated amino acid. The frequency of antibiotic resistance was highest in Staph. pasteuri and Staph. xylosus. Several of the isolates were tolerant to QAC compounds, and in some cases, QAC tolerance was present in antibiotic-resistant strains. Most of the strains displayed moderate to high adhesion rates to stainless steel and Teflon(®). The strains that readily formed biofilms belonged to the species Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis and Staph. pasteuri.
CONCLUSIONS
An high incidence of some safety hazards was found within the staphylococcal strains of food origin tested in this study. In particular, amino acid decarboxylase activity and biofilm-forming ability were common within strains, and antibiotic resistance and tolerance to QAC-based compounds occurred frequently as well. These characteristics are an important safety concern for food industry.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This work gives a first picture of safety hazards within staphylococcal species isolated from food environments. The presence of disinfectant-resistant staphylococci is a concern because resistance can be genetically transferred between the various Staphylococcus species. This could lead an increase and spread of resistant enterotoxic staphylococci and/or pathogenic staphylococci.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Carboxy-Lyases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Microbiology; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 21143714
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04909.x -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Apr 2011We developed a method to predict bacterial pathogenicity against mammals by measuring bacterial virulence in silkworms at 37°C, human body temperature. One hundred and...
We developed a method to predict bacterial pathogenicity against mammals by measuring bacterial virulence in silkworms at 37°C, human body temperature. One hundred and twenty-two strains of bacteria were isolated from the intestines of fish and shellfish and tested for their virulence against silkworms. Overnight cultures of 50 strains killed at least 50% of the silkworms when injected into the hemolymph. Of 10 strains that showed the most potent pathogenicity against silkworms, 8 also killed mice within 4 days after injection, including Staphylococcus simiae and Staphylococcus pasteuri, neither of which was previously reported to be pathogenic against mammals. These findings suggest that bacterial pathogenicity against mammals can be predicted based on measurements of silkworm-killing activity.
PubMed: 22466142
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.2.66 -
Microorganisms Dec 2020The aim was to study alterations of bacterial communities in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty to assess the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate soap...
Alteration of Bacterial Communities in Anterior Nares and Skin Sites of Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty Surgery: Analysis by 16S rRNA and Staphylococcal-Specific Gene Sequencing.
The aim was to study alterations of bacterial communities in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty to assess the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate soap decolonisation and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. A Swedish multicentre, prospective collection of samples obtained from elective arthroplasty patients (n = 83) by swabbing anterior nares, skin sites in the groin and the site of planned surgery, before and after arthroplasty surgery, was analysed by 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene sequencing and a complementary targeted gene sequencing approach to comprehensively characterise alterations in staphylococcal communities. Significant reductions in alpha diversity was detected for both bacterial ( = 0.04) and staphylococcal ( = 0.03) groin communities after arthroplasty surgery with significant reductions in relative ( = 0.001) abundance and ( 0.01) relative staphylococcal abundance. In nares, significant reductions occurred for ( = 0.02), ( = 0.02) and ( = 0.003) relative to other staphylococci. colonised 35% of anterior nares before and 26% after arthroplasty surgery. was the most abundant staphylococcal species at all sampling sites. No bacterial genus or staphylococcal species increased significantly after arthroplasty surgery. Application of a targeted gene sequencing approach provided auxiliary staphylococcal community profiles and allowed species-level characterisation directly from low biomass clinical samples.
PubMed: 33322779
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121977 -
ACS Infectious Diseases Apr 2023Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units of uronic acid and amino sugars. The luminal surface of...
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units of uronic acid and amino sugars. The luminal surface of the bladder epithelium is coated with a GAG layer. These urothelial GAGs are thought to provide a protective barrier and serve as a potential interaction site with the urinary microbiome (urobiome). Previous studies have profiled urinary GAG composition in mixed cohorts, but the urinary GAG composition in postmenopausal women remains undefined. To investigate the relationship between GAGs and recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI), we profiled urinary GAGs in a controlled cohort of postmenopausal women. We found that chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the major urinary GAG in postmenopausal women and that urinary CS was elevated in women with active rUTI. We also associated urinary GAGs with urobiome composition and identified bacterial species that significantly associated with urinary GAG concentration. , , and were positively associated with heparin sulfate or hyaluronic acid, and bacterial species associated with vaginal dysbiosis were negatively correlated with urinary CS. Altogether, this work defines changes in urinary GAG composition associated with rUTI and identifies new associations between urinary GAGs and the urobiome that may play a role in rUTI pathobiology.
Topics: Female; Humans; Glycosaminoglycans; Postmenopause; Urinary Tract Infections; Chondroitin Sulfates; Heparin
PubMed: 36942838
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00027