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Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Aug 2022The electrogenicity of environmental bacteria has been thoroughly explored and has been known to have the unique capability of decomposing hazardous chemicals for...
The electrogenicity of environmental bacteria has been thoroughly explored and has been known to have the unique capability of decomposing hazardous chemicals for environmental remediation. However, electrogenic bacteria in human skin in regards to their electrical properties and locations have not yet been determined. Here, electrodermal activities and metabolite compositions at different locations of arm skin were assessed. Compared to the uppermost part of arm, we found that the forearm elicited high electrodermal activity and carried abundant lactate and alpha-ketoglutarate, two components commonly present in sweat. Upon culturing bacteria from the forearm, an iron-resistant strain of Staphylococcus warneri (S. warneri) was identified through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Voltage changes induced by S. warneri in the presence of glucose were detected by two voltmeters of different electrode materials, demonstrating the electrogenicity of skin bacteria. Furthermore, we discovered that S. warneri has the ability to metabolize lactate to generate electricity. The results of this study reveal changes in skin conductance caused by bacterial electricity that are mediated by skin endogenous molecules and may provide a novel method of monitoring environmental skin insults.
Topics: Humans; Lactic Acid; Skin; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 35716597
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.020 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022The topic of this work is the detection of antimicrobial resistance to strains and the genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins. It is considered a potential pathogen...
The topic of this work is the detection of antimicrobial resistance to strains and the genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins. It is considered a potential pathogen that can cause various-mostly inflammatory-diseases in immunosuppressed patients. The experimental part of the paper deals with the isolation of individual isolates from meat samples of , , , chicken thigh, beef thigh muscle, pork thigh muscle, and bryndza cheese. In total, 45 isolates were obtained and subjected to phenotypic (plasma coagulase activity, nuclease, pigment, hemolysis, lecithinase, and lipase production) and genotypic analyses to confirm the presence of the species. The presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins A (three isolates) and D (six isolates) was determined by PCR. Using the Miditech system, the minimum inhibitory concentration for various antibiotics or antibiotics combinations was determined, namely for ampicillin; ampicillin + sulbactam; oxacillin; cefoxitin; piperacillin + tazobactam; erythromycin; clindamycin; linezolid; rifampicin; gentamicin; teicoplanin; vancomycin; trimethoprim; chloramphenicol; tigecycline; moxifloxacin; ciprofloxacin; tetracycline; trimethoprim + sulfonamide; and nitrofurantoin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was most common (73%). At the same time, out of a total of 45 isolates, 22% of the isolates were confirmed as multi-resistant. Isolates that showed phenotypic resistance to -lactam antibiotics were subjected to gene detection by PCR.
PubMed: 35627066
DOI: 10.3390/foods11101496 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2022Ear canal skin is directly attached to bone or cartilage, and is also connected to the eardrum. Acute otitis externa is cellulitis of the ear canal skin and subdermal...
BACKGROUND
Ear canal skin is directly attached to bone or cartilage, and is also connected to the eardrum. Acute otitis externa is cellulitis of the ear canal skin and subdermal tissue associated with acute inflammation and variable edema. We characterized the microbiome of the normal ear canal and ear canal with otitis externa.
METHODS
In total, 28 samples (14 each from the ear canal skin of patients with acute otitis externa and normal healthy controls) were collected using swabs. DNA extraction and bacterial microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed.
RESULTS
The diversity index (mean amplicon sequence variants and Shannon index) were lower in the otitis externa than control group. According to linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis, a number of taxa differed significantly between the groups. at the genus level and at the species level were identified in the otitis externa group.
CONCLUSION
Our results show the importance of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of otitis externa and provide a basis for treating acute otitis externa by targeting the microbiome.
PubMed: 36498648
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237074 -
MicrobiologyOpen Dec 2019Many studies have shown that the space environment can affect bacteria by causing a range of mutations. However, to date, few studies have explored the effects of...
Many studies have shown that the space environment can affect bacteria by causing a range of mutations. However, to date, few studies have explored the effects of long-term spaceflight (>1 month) on bacteria. In this study, a Staphylococcus warneri strain that was isolated from the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and had experienced a spaceflight (15 days) was carried into space again. After a 64-day flight, combined phenotypic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses were performed to compare the influence of the two spaceflights on this bacterium. Compared with short-term spaceflight, long-term spaceflight increased the biofilm formation ability of S. warneri and the cell wall resistance to external environmental stress but reduced the sensitivity to chemical stimulation. Further analysis showed that these changes might be associated with the significantly upregulated gene expression of the phosphotransferase system, which regulates the metabolism of sugars, including glucose, mannose, fructose, and cellobiose. The mutation of S. warneri caused by the 15-day spaceflight was limited at the phenotype and gene level after cultivation on the ground. After 79 days of spaceflight, significant changes in S. warneri were observed. The phosphotransferase system of S. warneri was upregulated by long-term space stimulation, which resulted in a series of changes in the cell wall, biofilm, and chemical sensitivity, thus enhancing the resistance and adaptability of the bacterium to the external environment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Computational Biology; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Energy Metabolism; Extreme Environments; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Phenotype; Proteomics; Space Flight; Staphylococcus; Transcriptome; Weightlessness
PubMed: 31414557
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.917 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Coagulase-negative is an opportunistic pathogen that is capable of causing several infections, especially in patients with indwelling medical devices. Here, we...
Coagulase-negative is an opportunistic pathogen that is capable of causing several infections, especially in patients with indwelling medical devices. Here, we determined the complete genome sequence of a clinical strain isolated from the blood culture of a 1-year-old nursling patient with acute upper respiratory infection. Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylogenetic relationships between and other species. Using comparative genomics, we identified three cell wall-anchored (CWA) proteins at the same locus (), named SdrJ, SdrK, and SdrL, on the chromosome sequences of different strains. Structural predictions showed that SdrJ/K/L have structural features characteristic of Sdr proteins but exceptionally contained an unusual N-terminal repeat region. However, the C-terminal repetitive (R) region of SdrJ contains a significantly larger proportion of alanine (142/338, 42.01%) than the previously reported SdrI (37.00%). Investigation of the genetic organization revealed that the genes were always followed by one or two glycosyltransferase genes, and and were present in an ∼56 kb region bordered by a pair of 8 bp identical direct repeats, named Sw-Sdr. This region was further found to be located on a 160-kb region subtended by a pair of 160-bp direct repeats along with other virulence genes and resistance genes. Sw-Sdr contained a putative integrase that was probably a remnant of a functional integrase. Evidence suggests that Sw-Sdr is improbably an efficient pathogenicity island. A large-scale investigation of genomes showed that loci were a potential hotspot of insertion sequences (ISs), which could lead to intraspecific diversity at these loci. Our work expanded the repository of Sdr proteins, and for the first time, we established the connection between loci and phylogenetic relationships and compared the loci in different species, which provided large insights into the genetic environment of CWA genes in .
PubMed: 34394031
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691087 -
PloS One 2020Staphylococcus warneri is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is a normal inhabitant of the skin. It is also considered to be an opportunistic etiological agent...
Staphylococcus warneri is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is a normal inhabitant of the skin. It is also considered to be an opportunistic etiological agent causing significant infections in human and animals. Currently, relatively little attention has been paid to the genome biology of S. warneri pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, which are emerging issues for this etiological agent with considerably clinical significance. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of S. warneri strain GD01 recovered from the sampled muscle abscess tissue of a diseased pig in South China. The genome of S. warneri is composed of a circular chromosome of 2,473,911 base pairs as well as eight plasmid sequences. Genome-wide metabolic reconstruction revealed 82 intact functional modules driving the catabolism of respiration and fermentation for energy production, uptake of distinct sugars as well as two-component regulatory systems. The evidence uncovered herein enables better understanding for metabolic potential and physiological traits of this etiological agent. The antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that S. warneri GD01 was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefalexin, vancomycin, and sulfisoxazole. The associations between antibiotic phenotypes and the related genotypes were identified to reveal the molecular basis conferring resistance to this pathogen. A number of genes coding for potential virulence factors were firstly depicted in the genome of S. warneri GD01, including adhesins, exoenzymes, capsule, and iron acquisition proteins. Our study provides a valuable genomic context of the genes/modules devoting to metabolism, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of S. warneri.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; DNA, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus; Swine; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32442199
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233363 -
Infection Control and Hospital... Mar 2007To describe the prevalence of Staphylococcus warneri on the hands of nurses and the clinical relevance of this organism among neonates in the neonatal intensive care...
OBJECTIVE
To describe the prevalence of Staphylococcus warneri on the hands of nurses and the clinical relevance of this organism among neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study that examined the microbial flora on the hands of nurses and clinical isolates recovered from neonates during a 23-month period (March 1, 2001, through January 31, 2003).
SETTING
Two high-risk NICUs in New York City.
PARTICIPANTS
All neonates hospitalized in the NICUs for more than 24 hours and all full-time nurses from the same NICUs who volunteered to participate.
INTERVENTION
At baseline and then every 3 months, samples for culture were obtained from each nurse's cleaned dominant hand. Pulsed-field electrophoresis compared S. warneri isolates from neonates and staff.
RESULTS
Samples for culture (n=834) were obtained from the hands of 119 nurses; 520 (44%) of the 1,195 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered were identified as S. warneri. Of the 647 clinically relevant isolates recovered from neonates, 17 (8%) of the 202 isolates that were identified to species level were S. warneri. Pulsed-field electrophoresis revealed a common strain of S. warneri that was shared among the nurses and neonates. Furthermore, 117 (23%) of 520 S. warneri isolates from nurses' hands had minimum inhibitory concentrations for vancomycin of 4 mu g/mL, which indicate decreasing susceptibility.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings that S. warneri can be pathogenic in neonates, is a predominant species of coagulase-negative staphylococci cultured from the hands of nurses, and has decreased vancomycin susceptibility underscore the importance of continued surveillance for vancomycin resistance and pathogenicity in pediatric care settings.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Hand; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Epidemiology; New York City; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Prevalence; Species Specificity; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Vancomycin; Vancomycin Resistance
PubMed: 17326024
DOI: 10.1086/511998 -
Veterinary World Mar 2022Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that antimicrobial agents might be extensively used for the treatment and cause the existence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and AMR profile of staphylococci in sports animals (riding horses, fighting bulls, and fighting cocks) in South Thailand.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nasal (57 fighting bulls and 33 riding horses) and skin swabs (32 fighting cocks) were taken from 122 animals. Staphylococci were cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar and then identified species by biochemical tests using the VITEK 2 card for Gram-positive organisms in conjunction with the VITEK 2 COMPACT machine and genotypic identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with VITEK 2 AST-GN80 test kit cards and VITEK 2 COMPACT machine. Detection of AMR genes , , and and staphylococcal chromosomal (SCC) type was evaluated by PCR.
RESULTS
Forty-one colonies of staphylococci were isolated, and six species were identified, including (61%), (15%), (10%), (7%), (5%), and (2%). Staphylococci were highly resistant to two drug classes, penicillin (93%) and cephalosporin (51%). About 56% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and the majority was (82%), which is primarily found in horses. Most MRS (82%) were multidrug-resistant. Almost all (96%) of the -positive MRS harbored the gene. Almost all MRS isolates possessed an unknown type of SCC. Interestingly, the AMR rate was notably lower in fighting bulls and cocks than in riding horses, which may be related to the owner's preference for herbal therapy over antimicrobial drugs.
CONCLUSION
This study presented many types of staphylococci displayed on bulls, cocks, and horses. However, we found a high prevalence of MRS in horses that could be transmitted to owners through close contact activities and might be a source of AMR genotype transmission to other staphylococci.
PubMed: 35497942
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.765-774 -
Cureus May 2020Coagulase negative Staphylococci often grow in cultures and form one of the most abundant flora among skin microbiome. It is important and challenging to identify and...
Coagulase negative Staphylococci often grow in cultures and form one of the most abundant flora among skin microbiome. It is important and challenging to identify and treat clinically significant infections caused by these organisms. Prosthetic devices, catheters and conditions causing immunocompromised states are the risk factors for such infections. We describe a case of clinically significant and symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) in a 65-year-old man with liver cirrhosis caused by Staphylococcus warneri which forms <1% of Staphylococcal skin flora. He was treated successfully with fluoroquinolone antibiotic based on culture results. It is important to understand potential of this organism to cause serious infections which warrant culture-directed antibiotic therapy.
PubMed: 32494545
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8337 -
APMIS : Acta Pathologica,... May 2022We report a case of Staphylococcus warneri native valve endocarditis in an immunocompetent healthy adult, without known risk factors for infective endocarditis, two... (Review)
Review
We report a case of Staphylococcus warneri native valve endocarditis in an immunocompetent healthy adult, without known risk factors for infective endocarditis, two months following COVID-19 infection, who recovered with conservative treatment. Additionally, we reviewed previous cases of native valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus warneri and summarized the main clinical implications.
Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; COVID-19; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 35218080
DOI: 10.1111/apm.13217