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Revista Chilena de Pediatria 2017Health supervision is a privileged opportunity to walk along with the new families during their transition to parenthood. This period is challenging for both mother and... (Review)
Review
Health supervision is a privileged opportunity to walk along with the new families during their transition to parenthood. This period is challenging for both mother and father, and there is the potential danger that demand surpasses the existing resources of the family. This imbalance may lead to mothers and fathers to develop depressive symptomatology. Postpartum depression may affect one to two out of ten men, and maternal depression is a major risk factor for developing it. The postpartum depression in the father impact all the family members, being the child development, the bonding, and the child´s mental health which can be disturb at a short, medium and long term. Therefore, it seems to be relevant to think about screening for post partum depression not only in mothers but also fathers, and give a first step to broaden the gaze from the dyad to the triad. The health supervision is a unique opportunity to be able to carry out this screening; however, the validation of a postpartum screening test for Chilean fathers is a pending task.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Father-Child Relations; Fathers; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Object Attachment
PubMed: 29546941
DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41062017000500002 -
Fertility and Sterility Jul 2018On July 25, 1978, the first human was born following extracorporeal fertilization, an event that opened up a new medical science: expanding our knowledge of and... (Review)
Review
On July 25, 1978, the first human was born following extracorporeal fertilization, an event that opened up a new medical science: expanding our knowledge of and developing novel treatments for infertility, radically changing the opportunities for families with inherited monogenic disorders, generating the new discipline of clinical embryology, and paving the way for studies into stem cell biology. In vitro fertilization (IVF), as it became known in its simplest form, went even further: it engaged the myriad of minds in human society. Not only were books written on the moral status of the human embryo, the ethics of IVF practice, and exercising governments on appropriate-which turned out to be disparate-regulation, it redefined family life! The prediction I made in 1985 that one day we may see five "parents" for one child became a reality quicker than we could have imagined at the time. The new medical science marched inexorably on in almost all countries of the world-a universal human plight at last had an opportunity for remedy: more than 10 million couples seeking a resolution to their infertility became parents, men who had no option to have their own genetic child became genetic fathers, and ever-increasing monogenic conditions were not being passed on to the next generation. The future may well bring to bear the opportunity for in vitro-developed viable gametes to generate successful pregnancies, and other "futuristic" opportunities for IVF science. But its story began over a century ago with seeking an understanding on how an egg matures and how to achieve successful fertilization-a fundamental scientific inquiry. It took one man to go beyond that scientific endeavor, to take head on a society unprepared and unwilling to accept human fertilization in vitro and unempathetic to the plight of the infertile; one man to see what prospects lay ahead for humanity should IVF become a reality, and for that man to battle every step of the way for nearly 2 decades to achieve that dream.
Topics: Female; Fertilization in Vitro; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infertility; Male; Pregnancy
PubMed: 29908772
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.008 -
JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and... Nov 2018The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on first time fathers' experiences and needs in relation to their mental...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on first time fathers' experiences and needs in relation to their mental health and wellbeing during their transition to fatherhood.
INTRODUCTION
Men's mental health and wellbeing during their transition to fatherhood is an important public health issue that is currently under-researched from a qualitative perspective and poorly understood.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Resident first time fathers (biological and non-biological) of healthy babies born with no identified terminal or long-term conditions were included. The phenomena of interest were their experiences and needs in relation to mental health and wellbeing during their transition to fatherhood, from commencement of pregnancy until one year after birth. Studies based on qualitative data, including, but not limited to, designs within phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and action research were included.
METHODS
A three-step search strategy was used. The search strategy explored published and unpublished qualitative studies from 1960 to September 2017. All included studies were assessed by two independent reviewers and any disagreements were resolved by consensus or with a third reviewer. The recommended Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach to critical appraisal, study selection, data extraction and data synthesis was used.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review, which were then assessed to be of moderate to high quality (scores 5-10) based on the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The studies were published between 1990 and 2017, and all used qualitative methodologies to accomplish the overall aim of investigating the experiences of expectant or new fathers. Nine studies were from the UK, three from Sweden, three from Australia, two from Canada, two from the USA, one from Japan, one from Taiwan and one from Singapore. The total number of first time fathers included in the studies was 351. One hundred and forty-four findings were extracted from the included studies. Of these, 142 supported findings were aggregated into 23 categories and seven synthesized findings: 1) New fatherhood identity, 2) Competing challenges of new fatherhood, 3) Negative feelings and fears, 4) Stress and coping, 5) Lack of support, 6) What new fathers want, and 7) Positive aspects of fatherhood.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the synthesized findings, three main factors that affect first time fathers' mental health and wellbeing during their transition to fatherhood were identified: the formation of the fatherhood identity, competing challenges of the new fatherhood role and negative feelings and fears relating to it. The role restrictions and changes in lifestyle often resulted in feelings of stress, for which fathers used denial or escape activities, such as smoking, working longer hours or listening to music, as coping techniques. Fathers wanted more guidance and support around the preparation for fatherhood, and partner relationship changes. Barriers to accessing support included lack of tailored information resources and acknowledgment from health professionals. Better preparation for fatherhood, and support for couple relationships during the transition to parenthood could facilitate better experiences for new fathers, and contribute to better adjustments and mental wellbeing in new fathers.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Birth Order; Fathers; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Parenting; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 30289768
DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003773 -
Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity... 2021This study examined whether various types of father-figure presence in Mexican ( = 414)- and Dominican- American ( = 336) households measured at baseline predicted child...
This study examined whether various types of father-figure presence in Mexican ( = 414)- and Dominican- American ( = 336) households measured at baseline predicted child mental health functioning one year later. Results of linear regression analyses showed that the impact of household structure on child functioning was significant and differed by ethnicity. For Mexican-American children, residing with a step-father or other adult male predicted increased externalizing problems compared to children residing their biological father. For Dominican-American children, residing with no father figure predicted increased externalizing problems compared to children residing with a biological father. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
PubMed: 34531705
DOI: 10.1080/15313204.2020.1730287 -
Journal of Child and Family Studies Nov 2019The purpose of this study was to examine if the longitudinal associations between father-adolescent conflict and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms in youth...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine if the longitudinal associations between father-adolescent conflict and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms in youth were moderated by fathers' residential status (i.e., whether or not he lived in the home) and type of residential father (i.e., biological or step).
METHODS
Adolescents ( = 146) completed a measure about conflict with their father or stepfather in 8 and 9 grade. At the same time points, mothers completed measures about the youths' externalizing and internalizing symptoms.
RESULTS
The association between 8 grade conflict and 9 grade externalizing symptoms was moderated by fathers' residential status. Conflict with fathers in 8 grade was positively associated with 9 grade externalizing symptoms when youths resided with their father (biological and stepfathers were included); in contrast, higher levels of father-adolescent conflict were associated with lower levels of subsequent externalizing symptoms when fathers did not live with the youth. Externalizing symptoms in 8 grade did not significantly predict father-adolescent conflict in grade 9. Regarding internalizing symptoms, the association between father-adolescent conflict in 8 grade and internalizing symptoms in 9 grade was moderated by father's residential status; conflict predicted higher levels of internalizing symptoms when the biological father lived elsewhere. Higher levels of 8 grade internalizing symptoms also significantly predicted greater conflict between adolescents and their fathers in 9 grade for residential fathers only.
CONCLUSIONS
The associations among adolescent emotional and behavioral outcomes and paternal-child relationship qualities vary with symptom type and family structures and, thus, warrant further comprehensive study.
PubMed: 32774077
DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01495-5 -
Acta Informatica Medica : AIM : Journal... Mar 2023Heart attack, or cardiac arrest, became a leading cause of death after the turn of the century. Defibrillation is one of the most important medical advances of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Heart attack, or cardiac arrest, became a leading cause of death after the turn of the century. Defibrillation is one of the most important medical advances of the twentieth century. Defibrillation is a critical step in the treatment of cardiac arrest as it can be the only way to restore a normal heart rhythm and save the life of the individual. However, it is important to note that defibrillation is only effective if it is performed quickly and in conjunction with other life-saving measures such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The history of cardiac defibrillation therapy is long and fascinating, spanning several centuries, many countries and continents.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article was to provide historical information about technical and scientific advances in cardiac devices and the development of today defibrillators.
METHODS
Review of the available literature, historical data, personal contacts, others and personal experience in this field.
DISCUSSION
In 1947, Beck published the first paper describing open chest defibrillation of the human heart. Ten years later, Kouwenhoven demonstrated that the heart could be defibrillated through a closed chest. The first external defibrillator weighed 120 kg and delivered 500 v of alternating current (AC) potential. The mere size of the defibrillator restricted its use to surgical suites or other areas hospital locations. In many cases, cardiac arrhythmias recurred. This was thought to be related to the amount of energy used to defibrillate the heart which it was believed caused myocardial damage. These factors limited the practical application of defibrillators. By 1956, a unit was built that could be wheeled into the emergency room, plugged into a wall outlet, and deliver 1000 volts. By 1962, Lown realized that AC current resulted in a high frequency of cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac damage. A direct current (DC) defibrillator, consisting of a battery, a capacitor to store energy, and a transformer was developed. The therapy spread from operating rooms to coronary care units and emergency departments and in the late 1960s left the hospital and started appearing on mobile intensive care units. The first portable EMS defibrillators (used by paramedics) emerged in the early 1970s. In 1980 the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was invented. Automated external defibrillators began appearing in the late 1980s allowing the therapy to be delivered by EMTs and lay people. The 'father' of the modern automated external defibrillator (AED), Professor James Francis (1916-2004) was a physician and cardiologist from Northern Ireland who transformed emergency medicine and paramedic services with the invention of the portable defibrillator.
CONCLUSION
Defibrillators are critical resuscitation devices. The use of reliable defibrillators has led to more effective treatments and improved patient safety through better control and management of complications during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). The 75th anniversary of the world's first successful human cardiac defibrillation represents the landmark event that defined the future of cardiovascular medicine and ushered in a new era of advanced cardiac life support.
PubMed: 37038491
DOI: 10.5455/aim.2023.31.68-72 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2019A psychological assessment of parents in post-divorce child custody disputes highlighted parents' motivation to appear as adaptive and responsible caregivers. The study...
A psychological assessment of parents in post-divorce child custody disputes highlighted parents' motivation to appear as adaptive and responsible caregivers. The study hypothesized that personality self-report measures completed by child custody litigants (CCLs) during a parental skills assessment would show underreporting, rendering the measures worthless. The study also analyzed gender differences in a CCL sample, general CCL profiles, and the implicit structure of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in the CCL sample. The sample comprised 400 CCLs undergoing personality evaluation as part of a parenting skills assessment. The mean age of the 204 mothers was 41.31 years ( = 6.6), with an overall range of 24-59 years. Mothers had a mean educational level of 14.48 years ( = 3.2). The 196 fathers were aged 20-59 years ( = 42.31; = 7.8), with an average of 14.48 years ( = 3.9) of education. The MMPI-2-RF was administered. To test the hypotheses, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) and two-step cluster analyses were run. CCL subjects reported higher scores in underreporting (L-r and K-r) and lower scores in overreporting [F-r, Fp-r, Fs-r, and response bias scale (RBS)] validity scales and restructured clinical (RC) scales, with the exception of RC2 and RC8. RC6 (Ideas of Persecution) was the most elevated. Intercorrelations within the RC scales significantly differed between CCL and normative samples. Women appeared deeply motivated to display a faking-good defensive profile, together with lower levels of cynicism and antisocial behaviors, compared to CCL men. Two-step cluster analyses identified three female CCL profiles and two male CCL profiles. Approximately 44% of the MMPI-2-RF profiles were deemed possibly underreporting and, for this reason, considered worthless. The present study adds useful insight about which instruments are effective for assessing the personality characteristics of parents undergoing a parental skills assessment in the context of a child custody dispute. The results show that almost half of the MMPI-2-RF protocols in the CCL sample were worthless due to their demonstration of an underreporting attitude. This highlights the necessity to interpret CCL profiles in light of normative data collected specifically in a forensic setting and the need for new and promising methods of mainstreaming and administering the MMPI-2-RF.
PubMed: 31681037
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00725 -
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2021This article focuses on the relationship between parental attitudes of the father perceived by adolescents and their school achievements. Nowadays, interest in the role...
BACKGROUND
This article focuses on the relationship between parental attitudes of the father perceived by adolescents and their school achievements. Nowadays, interest in the role of the father in raising a child is growing. The influence of the students' family environment in shaping their school achievement is very important.
PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE
The study group consisted of 687 pupils, including 418 (60.8%) girls and 267 (39.2%) boys. Fathers' attitudes were examined with the Parental Attitudes Scale version of "My Father". In order to establish the relationship between the father's parental attitudes perceived by teenagers and grade point average (GPA), Pearson's correlation coefficient values were calculated. In the next step the role of gender as a moderator of these relationships was evaluated.
RESULTS
The results of the conducted research show that the acceptance and autonomy attitudes positively correlate with the average grade from last year, while the requirements and inconsistency attitudes showed negative correlations with school achievements. The results indicated that gender moderated the relationship between perceived acceptance, autonomy, protectiveness and GPA.
CONCLUSIONS
It was found that an increase in the level of the father's perceived acceptance and autonomy leads to a higher average grade than the previous year, although only among girls. The level of protectiveness was found to be a negative predictor of school achievements, although only among boys.
PubMed: 38014409
DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.108736 -
Annual Review of Pathology Jan 2017This review reflects the trajectory of my career in hematopathology, and my personal reflections on scientific advances in the field. During the course of more than 40... (Review)
Review
This review reflects the trajectory of my career in hematopathology, and my personal reflections on scientific advances in the field. During the course of more than 40 years, the approach to classification of hematological malignancies has evolved from descriptive approaches, based on either cytological or clinical features, to a modern approach, which incorporates cutting-edge technologies. My philosophy has focused on defining individual diseases, an approach that can best lead to an understanding of molecular pathogenesis. To quote Carolus Linnaeus ( 1 , p. 19), the father of taxonomy, "The first step in wisdom is to know the things themselves; this notion consists in having a true idea of the objects; objects are distinguished and known by classifying them methodically and giving them appropriate names. Therefore, classification and name-giving will be the foundation of our science."
Topics: Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Microscopy
PubMed: 27959631
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100351