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Tumour Biology : the Journal of the... Jul 2017Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. Surgery is currently considered to be the only radical treatment. As surgical... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. Surgery is currently considered to be the only radical treatment. As surgical techniques improve and progress is made in traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and the implementation of neoadjuvant therapy, the 5-year survival rate of early gastric cancer can reach >95%. However, the low rate of early diagnosis means that most patients have advanced-stage disease at diagnosis and so the best surgical window is missed. Therefore, the main treatment for advanced gastric cancer is the combination of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. In this article, we summarize several common methods used to treat advanced gastric cancer and discuss the progress made in the treatment of gastric cancer in detail. Only clinical practice and clinical research will allow us to prolong the survival time of patients and allow the patients to truly benefit by paying attention to the individual patient characteristics, drug choice, and developing a reasonable and comprehensive treatment plan.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Disease-Free Survival; Early Detection of Cancer; Gastrectomy; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Staging; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 28671042
DOI: 10.1177/1010428317714626 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2018Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Although the incidence is declining, the outcome of patients with GC remains dismal. Thus, the detection at an early stage utilizing useful screening approaches, selection of an appropriate treatment plan, and effective monitoring is pivotal to reduce GC mortalities. Identification of biomarkers in a basis of clinical information and comprehensive genome analysis could improve diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of recurrence and treatment response. This review summarized the current status and approaches in GC biomarker, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis, accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches and discussed the future perspective based on the molecular classification and profiling.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Body Fluids; Carcinogenesis; Early Detection of Cancer; Gastrectomy; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Incidence; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prevalence; Prognosis; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30018477
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i26.2818 -
Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2022Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health concern in many countries. GC is a heterogeneous disease stratified by histopathological differences. However, these variations are... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health concern in many countries. GC is a heterogeneous disease stratified by histopathological differences. However, these variations are not used to determine GC management. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have become widely used, and cancer genomic analysis has recently revealed the relationships between various malignant tumors and genomic information. In 2014, studies using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for GC revealed the entire structure of GC genomics. Genomics with NGS has been used to identify new therapeutic targets for GC. Moreover, personalized medicine to provide specific therapy for targets based on multiplex gene panel testing of tumor tissues has become of clinical use. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used for GC treatment; however, their response rates are limited. To predict the anti-tumor effects of ICIs for GC and to select patients suitable for ICI treatment, genomics also provides informative data not only of tumors but also of tumor microenvironments, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In therapeutic strategies for unresectable or recurrent malignant tumors, the target is not only the primary lesion but also metastatic lesions, and metastatic lesions are often resistant to chemotherapy. Unlike colorectal carcinoma, there is a heterogeneous status of genetic variants between the primary and metastatic lesions in GC. Liquid biopsy analysis is also helpful for predicting the genomic status of both primary and metastatic lesions. Genomics has become an indispensable tool for GC treatment and is expected to be further developed in the future.
Topics: Genomics; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Precision Medicine; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35751736
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01879-3 -
Radiologia 2023Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world. The most common histologic subtype is adenocarcinoma. Gastric adenocarcinomas are staged using the American... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world. The most common histologic subtype is adenocarcinoma. Gastric adenocarcinomas are staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer's 8th TNM classification. The perigastric ligaments, mesentery, omentum, and potential spaces between the parietal and visceral peritoneal linings play are important structures for staging. The spread of disease is influenced by the location of the tumor within the stomach, as well as by the anatomy related to the ligaments and lymph vessels. CT is the imaging modality of choice for the preoperative clinical staging of gastric cancer, and it is essential for planning treatment. To be able to do an adequate imaging workup, radiologists need to know the different pathways through which gastric cancer can spread: lymphatic, subperitoneal, direct invasion, transperitoneal, hematogenous, and extramural venous invasion.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Stomach Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 36842787
DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.011 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology... May 2020Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with more than 40% of new cases occurring in China.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with more than 40% of new cases occurring in China. With the advancement of treatment methods, the application of adjuvant therapy and targeted drugs, the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer has been significantly improved. In recent years, more and more studies have reported that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed great value in the clinical application among patients with gastric cancer, including preoperative staging, treatment response evaluation, predicting prognosis and histopathological features, treatment guidance, and molecular imaging. The remarkable research progress of MRI in gastric cancer will provide new evaluation and treatment approaches for clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article aims to review the current status of the application and research progress of MRI in patients with gastric cancer.
Topics: China; Clinical Decision Rules; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Preoperative Period; Prognosis; Radiotherapy; Stomach Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32209504
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2019.19375 -
Molecular Cancer Mar 2020Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advanced gastric cancer patients can notably benefit... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advanced gastric cancer patients can notably benefit from chemotherapy including adriamycin, platinum drugs, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and paclitaxel as well as targeted therapy drugs. Nevertheless, primary drug resistance or acquisition drug resistance eventually lead to treatment failure and poor outcomes of the gastric cancer patients. The detailed mechanisms involved in gastric cancer drug resistance have been revealed. Interestingly, different noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are critically involved in gastric cancer development. Multiple lines of evidences demonstrated that ncRNAs play a vital role in gastric cancer resistance to chemotherapy reagents and targeted therapy drugs. In this review, we systematically summarized the emerging role and detailed molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs impact drug resistance of gastric cancer. Additionally, we propose the potential clinical implications of ncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; RNA, Long Noncoding; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 32192494
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01185-7 -
Pathologica Sep 2020Gastric biopsies represent one of the most frequent specimens that the pathologist faces in routine activity. In the last decade or so, the landscape of gastric... (Review)
Review
Gastric biopsies represent one of the most frequent specimens that the pathologist faces in routine activity. In the last decade or so, the landscape of gastric pathology has been changing with a significant and constant decline of -related pathologies in Western countries coupled with the expansion of iatrogenic lesions due to the use of next-generation drugs in the oncological setting. This overview will focus on the description of the elementary lesions observed in gastric biopsies and on the most recent published recommendations, guidelines and expert opinions.
Topics: Biopsy; Endoscopy; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 33179619
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-163 -
Gastric Cancer : Official Journal of... Jan 2021
Topics: Gastrectomy; Humans; Japan; Medical Oncology; Neoplasm Staging; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 32060757
DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01042-y -
Gastric Cancer : Official Journal of... Apr 2016Conversion therapy for gastric cancer (GC) has been the subject of much recent attention. It is defined as a surgical treatment aiming at an R0 resection after... (Review)
Review
Conversion therapy for gastric cancer (GC) has been the subject of much recent attention. It is defined as a surgical treatment aiming at an R0 resection after chemotherapy for tumors that were originally unresectable or marginally resectable for technical and/or oncological reasons. However, the indications for resection remain to be clarified. In the present review, we focus on the biology and heterogeneous characteristics of stage IV GC and propose new categories of classification. Stage IV GC patients can be divided based on the absence (categories 1 and 2) or presence (categories 3 and 4) of macroscopically detectable peritoneal dissemination, which has a different biological outcome compared to hematological metastasis. Category 1 is defined oncologically as stage IV but the metastasis is technically resectable. Category 2 includes a marginally resectable metastasis or patients for whom the operation would not necessarily be the best choice. Category 3 includes a potentially unresectable metastasis of peritoneal dissemination that is only macroscopically detectable. Category 4 includes noncurable metastasis with peritoneal and other organ metastasis. The indications for conversion therapy might include the patients from category 2, some patients from category 3 and a very small number of patients from category 4. The longer survival can be expected for patients corresponding to categories 1, 2 and, to a lesser extent, 3, while the treatment of other patients focuses on "care." The provision of conversion therapy for stage IV GC patients might be one of the main roles of surgical oncologists in the near future.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Japan; Neoplasm Staging; Palliative Care; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 26643880
DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0575-z -
Cancer Medicine Apr 2019Gastric cancer is a leading cause of mortality due to neoplastic disease. Although early detection of gastric cancers can decrease the mortality rate, it remains a...
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of mortality due to neoplastic disease. Although early detection of gastric cancers can decrease the mortality rate, it remains a diagnostic challenge because of the lack of effective biomarkers. In this study, fifteen gastric cancer patients and ten healthy subjects were recruited to assess novel serum biomarkers for gastric cancer using antibody microarray technology. ELISA was utilized to validate the antibody array results. As a result, compared to the controls, eleven cytokines were found to be significantly increased in gastric cancer, including interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1), neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (Notch-3), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19L (TNFRSF19L), growth hormone receptor (GHR), signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 8 (SLAMF8), folate receptor beta (FR-beta), integrin alpha 5, galectin-8, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A1 (EphA1), epiregulin, and fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF-12) with P < 0.05. ELISA validation supported the results of the antibody array. More importantly, most of these eleven cytokines, including IFNGR1, TNFRSF19L, GHR, SLAMF8, FR-beta, and integrin alpha 5 were discovered to be elevated in gastric cancer serum samples for the first time in this study, suggesting that these proteins may serve as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis determination of gastric cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Proteomics; Reproducibility of Results; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 30873760
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2055