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Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Aug 2021Evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play an irreplaceable role in tumorigenesis and progression of a broad range of cancers, including gastric cancer. Among these... (Review)
Review
Evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play an irreplaceable role in tumorigenesis and progression of a broad range of cancers, including gastric cancer. Among these miRNAs, miR-10a and miR-10b have been identified to critically participate in gastric carcinogenesis and malignant progression. In this review, we briefly describe the role of miR-10a and miR-10b in gastric cancer, especially in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stem cells. Furthermore, we highlight several compounds that target the miR-10 family and exhibit antitumor activity in cancer cells. Moreover, we conclude that targeting the miR-10 family might be a promising approach for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Membrane Glycoproteins; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Receptors, Immunologic; Signal Transduction; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 34229543
DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1949840 -
Gut and Liver Feb 2019Early detection and accurate monitoring of cancer is important for improving clinical outcomes. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical resection specimens are the gold... (Review)
Review
Early detection and accurate monitoring of cancer is important for improving clinical outcomes. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical resection specimens are the gold standard for diagnosing gastric cancer and are also useful for selecting therapeutic strategies based on the analysis of genomic/immune parameters. However, these approaches cannot be easily performed because of their invasiveness and because these specimens do not always reflect tumor dynamics and drug sensitivities during therapeutic processes, especially chemotherapy. Accordingly, many researchers have tried to develop noninvasive novel biomarkers that can monitor real-time tumor dynamics for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and prediction of recurrence and therapeutic efficacy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are metastatic cells that are released from the primary tumors into the blood stream and comprise a crucial step in hematogenous metastasis. CTCs, as a liquid biopsy, have received a considerable amount of attention from researchers since they are easily accessible in peripheral blood, avoiding the invasiveness associated with traditional biopsy techniques; they can also be used to derive clinical information for monitoring disease status. In this review, with respect to CTCs, we summarize the metastatic cascade, detection methods, clinical applications, and prospects for patients with gastric cancer.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis; Stomach Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30970448
DOI: 10.5009/gnl18484 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Mar 2012Gastric cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality in our population. The prognosis of patients with this disease is closely related to the neoplasm stage at... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality in our population. The prognosis of patients with this disease is closely related to the neoplasm stage at diagnosis, including the following characteristics of the tumor: extension into the gastric wall thickness, spread to locoregional lymph nodes and the ability to generate distant metastases, as described by the TNM classification. For localized tumors characterized only by invasion of mucosa or submucosa at diagnosis, survival at 5 years is between 70 and 95% with exclusive surgical management; however, when extension into the gastric wall is higher and/or there is locoregional nodal involvement, survival decreases to 20-30% at 5 years. Currently, at high-volume centers, the extent of gastrectomy is individualized based on several parameters, which in an increasing number of cases allows a total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and preservation of the spleen and pancreas. This improved procedure increases the chance of R0 surgery and improves the relationship between resected and affected lymph nodes, resulting in a decreased risk of the long-term locoregional recurrence. To improve these results, different therapeutic strategies combining chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with surgery have been tested. Previously, the Intergroup 0116 clinical trial, published in 2001, which changed clinical practice in the United States, showed that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival (from 26 to 37 months overall survival) of these patients. In Europe, perioperative chemotherapy has been considered the standard treatment, since the publication of two randomized phase III trials showed an increase at 5 years survival in the group treated with chemotherapy.
Topics: Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Combined Modality Therapy; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Gastrectomy; Humans; Perioperative Care; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 22449155
DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082012000300006 -
Nutrients Jun 2020After a gastrectomy, the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer has great effect on the treatment outcome and patients' quality of life. We investigated the...
After a gastrectomy, the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer has great effect on the treatment outcome and patients' quality of life. We investigated the changes in body composition and nutrient intake after gastrectomy in 288 gastric cancer patients. A multiple linear regression analysis was used for each time period to verify the effects of nutritional and clinical factors on weight and fat-free mass loss rates. Gastric cancer patients who underwent a gastrectomy continued to experience weight and fat-free mass loss until three months after surgery and became stagnant at six months. The marginal mean of calorie intake per weight was 24.5, 26.8, and 29.4 kcal at one, three, and six months. The protein intake per kg lean mass was 1.14, 1.14, and 1.16 g at one, three, and six months, respectively. One month after surgery, the rate of weight loss increased significantly in females who received chemotherapy ( < 0.001). At one to three months postoperative, females who had undergone chemotherapy tended to significantly lose weight ( = 0.016). Females with a history of chemotherapy also showed a reduction in fat-free mass for one to three months ( = 0.036). Calorie intake was a significant factor in preventing fat-free mass weight loss at one month after surgery. Chemotherapy was an independent factor affecting the weight and fat-free mass loss rate up to six months after gastrectomy. Careful monitoring of weight and muscle mass changes following active nutritional intervention for sufficient nutrition support could be helpful for patients after gastrectomy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Composition; Energy Intake; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Male; Malnutrition; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Postoperative Complications; Stomach Neoplasms; Weight Loss
PubMed: 32605036
DOI: 10.3390/nu12071905 -
BMC Cancer Nov 2022This study aimed to analyze the ability of computed tomography (CT) texture analysis to discriminate papillary gastric adenocarcinoma (PGC) and to explore the diagnostic...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to analyze the ability of computed tomography (CT) texture analysis to discriminate papillary gastric adenocarcinoma (PGC) and to explore the diagnostic efficacy of multivariate models integrating clinical information and CT texture parameters for discriminating PGCs.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 20 patients with PGC and 80 patients with tubular adenocarcinoma (TAC). The clinical data and CT texture parameters based on the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) of all patients were collected and analyzed. Two CT signatures based on the AP and VP were built with the optimum features selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. The performance of CT signatures was tested by regression analysis. Multivariate models based on regression analysis and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were established. The diagnostic performance of the established nomogram based on regression analysis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
RESULTS
Thirty-two and fifteen CT texture parameters extracted from AP and VP CT images, respectively, differed significantly between PGCs and TACs (all p < 0.05). The diagnostic performance of CT signatures based on the AP and VP achieved AUCs of 0.873 and 0.859 in distinguishing PGCs. Multivariate models that integrated two CT signatures and age based on regression analysis and the SVM algorithm showed favorable performance in preoperatively predicting PGCs (AUC = 0.922 and 0.914, respectively).
CONCLUSION
CT texture analysis based multivariate models could preoperatively predict PGCs with satisfactory diagnostic efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Adenocarcinoma; Stomach Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; ROC Curve; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary
PubMed: 36357844
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10261-8 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2015To assess the correlation between decreased Muc5AC expression and patients' survival and clinicopathological characteristics by conducting a meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To assess the correlation between decreased Muc5AC expression and patients' survival and clinicopathological characteristics by conducting a meta-analysis.
METHODS
Literature searches were performed in PubMed and EMBASE, and 11 studies met our criteria. Summary hazard ratios or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effect. For the pooled analysis of the correlation between decreased Muc5AC expression and clinicopathological characteristics (tumour invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, tumour-node-metastasis stage, tumour size, venous invasion and lymphatic invasion), ORs and their variance were combined to estimate the effect.
RESULTS
Eleven retrospective cohort studies comprising 2135 patients were included to assess the association between Muc5AC expression and overall survival and/or clinicopathological characteristics. Decreased Muc5AC expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival of gastric cancer patients (pooled HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.08-1.7). Moreover, decreased Muc5AC expression was also significantly associated with tumour invasion depth (pooled OR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.56-2.87) and lymph node metastasis (pooled OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.00-2.44) in gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION
Decreased Muc5AC expression might be a poor prognostic predictor for gastric cancer.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Chi-Square Distribution; Down-Regulation; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Mucin 5AC; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Odds Ratio; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 26420972
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i36.10453 -
Medicine Sep 2021Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm which can be misdiagnosed as the gastrointestinal stromal tumor. This tumor almost formed a lobulated... (Review)
Review
Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm which can be misdiagnosed as the gastrointestinal stromal tumor. This tumor almost formed a lobulated intramural/submucosal mass in the gastric antrum and prepyloric area. It was considered as a benign tumor that exhibited no recurrence, metastasis, or tumor-related mortality. In this study, we reported 2 cases of gastric PF. The first case was a PF patient coexisting with gastric adenocarcinoma. The second case occurred in the gastric upper body close to gastric fundus. They underwent distal gastrectomy and laparoscopic partial gastric resection, respectively. Both of them exhibited a plexiform growth pattern in the submucosa, muscularis propria, and subserosal adipose tissues. The nodules were composed of abundant myxoid or fibromyxoid matrix riching in small thin-walled blood vessels and bland-looking spindle cells. The first case partially showed staggered growth pattern of PF and adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were diffusely immunoreactive for SMA and vimentin, and focally immunoreactive for CD10. It was important to distinguish the PF from other spindle cell tumors involving the stomach.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibroma; Gastrectomy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 34516510
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027164 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2018Gastric cancer (GC), with its high incidence and mortality rates, is a highly fatal cancer that is common in East Asia particularly in China. Its recurrence and... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer (GC), with its high incidence and mortality rates, is a highly fatal cancer that is common in East Asia particularly in China. Its recurrence and metastasis are the main causes of its poor prognosis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or other blood biomarkers that are released into the circulating blood stream by tumors are thought to play a crucial role in the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer. Therefore, the detection of CTCs and other blood biomarkers has an important clinical significance; in fact, they can help predict the prognosis, assess the staging, monitor the therapeutic effects and determine the drug susceptibility. Recent research has identified many blood biomarkers in GC, such as various serum proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, and cell-free DNAs. The analysis of CTCs and circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer is called as liquid biopsy. These blood biomarkers provide the disease status for individuals and have clinical meaning. In this review, we focus on the recent scientific advances regarding CTCs and other blood biomarkers, and discuss their origins and clinical meaning.
Topics: Antibodies, Neoplasm; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers, Tumor; Circulating Tumor DNA; Asia, Eastern; Humans; Incidence; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 29881233
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i21.2236 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... Dec 2016The second half of the 20th century has seen a sharp worldwide decline in both the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Despite this, gastric cancer is the most... (Review)
Review
The second half of the 20th century has seen a sharp worldwide decline in both the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Despite this, gastric cancer is the most common cause of mortality in the world. It is closely related to the commonly asymptomatic course at the beginning and delayed diagnosis. Approximately 90‑97% of stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas, which may be subdivided histologically into two categories - intestinal type, and diffuse type. Cancer metastasis is a complex multi‑step process that is closely associated with tumor phenotype. The most important steps in the metastasis process are proteolytic activity, migration, adhesion, proliferation, and neovascularization. In this review we focus on mechanisms regulating gastric cancer metastasis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 28100845
DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1227643 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology May 2016Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide despite many advances and options in therapy. As it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, prognosis is poor... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide despite many advances and options in therapy. As it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, prognosis is poor with a median overall survival of less than twelve months. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for these patients but it confers only a moderate survival advantage. There remains a need for new targeted treatment options and a way to better define patient populations who will benefit from these agents. In the past few years, there has been a better understanding of the biology, molecular profiling, and heterogeneity of gastric cancer. Our increased knowledge has led to the identification of gastric cancer subtypes and to the development of new targeted therapeutic agents. There are now two new targeted agents, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, that have recently been approved for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. There are also many other actively investigated targets, including epidermal growth factor receptor, the phosphatadylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, c-Met, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and immune checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we discuss the current management of advanced gastric cancer as well as emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Drug Design; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunotherapy; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; Stomach Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27239108
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i20.4812