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Technology in Cancer Research &... 2020Gastric adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease with poor overall survival. The aggressive nature of this disease is in part due to the high intra and inter...
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease with poor overall survival. The aggressive nature of this disease is in part due to the high intra and inter tumoral heterogeneity and also due to the late diagnosis at presentation. Once progression occurs, treatment is more difficult due to the adaptation of tumors, which acquires resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutics. In this report, using publicly available data sets and pathway analysis, we highlight the vast heterogeneity of gastric cancer by investigating genes found to be significantly perturbed. We found several upregulated genes in the diffuse gastric cancer subtypes share similarity to gastric cancer as a whole which can be explained by the increase in this subtype of gastric cancer throughout the world. We report significant downregulation of genes that are underrepresented within the literature, such as , , and , while other genes have not been explored within gastric cancer to the best of our knowledge such as , , , and . We identified gender to be another heterogeneous component of this disease and suggested targeted treatment strategies specific to this heterogeneity. In this study, we provide an in-depth exploration of the molecular landscape of gastric cancer in order to shed light onto novel areas of gastric cancer research and explore potential new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Computational Biology; Databases, Genetic; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genetic Heterogeneity; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prognosis; Sex Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32799763
DOI: 10.1177/1533033820935477 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2014Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of gastric cancer has been significantly improved with the broad availability of... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of gastric cancer has been significantly improved with the broad availability of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Effective technologies for accurate staging and quantitative evaluation are still in demand to merit reasonable treatment and better prognosis for the patients presented with advanced disease. Preoperative staging using conventional imaging tools, such as computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography, is inadequate. Positron emission tomography (PET), using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as a tracer and integrating CT for anatomic localization, holds a promise to detect unsuspected metastasis and has been extensively used in a variety of malignancies. However, the value of FDG PET/CT in diagnosis and evaluation of gastric cancer is still controversial. This article reviews the current literature in diagnosis, staging, response evaluation, and relapse monitoring of gastric cancer, and discusses the current understanding, improvement, and future prospects in this area.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Preoperative Care; Radiopharmaceuticals; Stomach Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24782610
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4574 -
Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Summary of Analogous Contributing Factors for Its Molecular Pathogenicity.International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2018Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Incidence and mortality differ depending on the... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Incidence and mortality differ depending on the geographical region and gastric cancer ranks first in East Asian countries. Although genetic factors, gastric environment, and infection have been associated with the pathogenicity and development of intestinal-type gastric cancer that follows the Correa's cascade, the pathogenicity of diffuse-type gastric cancer remains mostly unknown and undefined. However, genetic abnormalities in the cell adherence factors, such as E-cadherin and cellular activities that cause impaired cell integrity and physiology, have been documented as contributing factors. In recent years, infection has been also associated with the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer. Therefore, in this report, we discuss the host factors as well as the bacterial factors that have been reported as associated factors contributing to the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.
Topics: Germ-Line Mutation; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Models, Biological; Neoplasm Proteins; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 30115886
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082424 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Gastric carcinoma (GC) represents one of the most common and most lethal malignancies worldwide. The histopathological characterization of GC precursor lesions has... (Review)
Review
Gastric carcinoma (GC) represents one of the most common and most lethal malignancies worldwide. The histopathological characterization of GC precursor lesions has provided great knowledge about gastric carcinogenesis, with the consequent introduction of effective strategies of primary and secondary prevention. In recent years, a large amount of data about the molecular events in GC development is emerging, flanking the histomorphological descriptions. In this review, we describe the landscape of molecular alterations in gastric pre-invasive lesions with a glance at their potential use in the diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 34576114
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189950 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Oct 2014The high incidence of gastric cancer (GC) and its consequent mortality rate severely threaten human health. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced... (Review)
Review
The high incidence of gastric cancer (GC) and its consequent mortality rate severely threaten human health. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment. Thus, early screening and diagnosis are critical for improving prognoses in patients with GC. Gastroscopy with biopsy is an appropriate method capable of aiding the diagnosis of specific early GC tumor types; however, the stress caused by this method together with it being excessively expensive makes it difficult to use it as a routine method for screening for GC on a population basis. The currently used tumor marker assays for detecting GC are simple and rapid, but their use is limited by their low sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, several markers have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in the management of GC. Here, we review the serum-based tumor markers for GC and their clinical significance, focusing on discoveries from microarray/proteomics research. We also review tissue-based GC tumor markers and their clinical application, focusing on discoveries from immunohistochemical research. This review provides a brief description of various tumor markers for the purposes of diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics, and we include markers already in clinical practice and various forthcoming biomarkers.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 25320517
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13791 -
International Journal of Surgery... Nov 2023Staging laparoscopy for gastric cancer is recommended to assess the tumor's locoregional extension and exclude peritoneal disease. As there is no consensus on optimizing...
BACKGROUND
Staging laparoscopy for gastric cancer is recommended to assess the tumor's locoregional extension and exclude peritoneal disease. As there is no consensus on optimizing the procedure's diagnostic accuracy, we aimed to systematically review the literature on operative techniques, followed by peritoneal lavage fluid assessment in gastric cancer patients. Specifically, we sought to indicate the most common characteristics of the procedure and cytological evaluation.
METHODS
This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The protocol for this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO database (CRD: 42022306746). On September 2022, a search was carried out using Embase, Medline ALL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science Core Collection.
RESULTS
The search identified 1632 studies on staging laparoscopy and 2190 studies on peritoneal fluid assessment. Some 212 studies were included. Open Hasson was the method of choice in accessing the peritoneal cavity in 65% of the studies, followed by establishing a pneumoperitoneum at 10-12 mmHg in 52% of reports. Most frequently, the patient was positioned supine (70%), while a 30° scope and three ports were used to assess the peritoneal cavity clockwise (72%, 77%, and 85%, respectively). Right and left upper abdomen quadrants were the predominant area of laparoscopic exploration (both 65%), followed by the primary tumor region (54%), liver and pelvis (both 30%), and small bowel and spleen (19% and 17%, respectively). Regions of peritoneal lavage and aspiration were limited to the pelvis (50%), followed by right and left upper abdomen quadrants (37.5% and 50%, respectively). No studies compared different methods of operative techniques or analysis of ascites/fluid.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates a high heterogeneity in the technique of staging laparoscopy and peritoneal fluid assessment in gastric cancer patients. Further research and initiatives to reach a consensus on the standardization of the procedure are warranted.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Ascitic Fluid; Neoplasm Staging; Laparoscopy; Peritoneal Lavage
PubMed: 37581636
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000632 -
Oncotarget Apr 2017Optimal enteral immunonutrition (EIN) regime for gastric cancer (GC) patients underwent gastrectomy remains uncertainty. To assess comparative efficacy of different EIN... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Optimal enteral immunonutrition (EIN) regime for gastric cancer (GC) patients underwent gastrectomy remains uncertainty. To assess comparative efficacy of different EIN formulas in GC patients underwent gastrectomy, we performed network meta-analysis.
RESULTS
We included 11 RCTs enrolling 840 patients. Pairwise meta-analysis indicated that EIN (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.86; MD -0.42, 95% CI -0.74-0.10), Arg+RNA+ω-3-FAs (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22-0.63; MD -0.42, 95% CI -0.75-0.07), Arg+Gln+ω-3-FAs (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.94; MD -0.69, 95% CI -1.22-1.07) reduced ICs and LOS. Network meta-analysis confirmed the potential of Arg+RNA+ω-3-FAs for ICs (OR 0.27, 95% Crl 0.12-0.49) and Arg+Gln+ω-3-FAs for CIs (OR 0.22, 95% Crl 0.02-0.84) and LOS (SMD -0.63, 95% Crl -1.07-0.13), and indicated that Arg+RNA+ω-3-FAs was superior to Arg+RNA and Arg+Gln for ICs as well.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed direct and network meta-analyses for randomized controlled trials comparing EIN formulas with each other or standard enteral nutrition (SEN) in reducing infectious complications (ICs), noninfectious complications (NICs) and length of hospital stay (LOS), through January 2016. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SCURA) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) were used to rank regimes and rate qualities of evidences respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
As for GC patients underwent gastrectomy, Arg+RNA+ω-3-FAs and Arg+Gln+ω-3-FAs are the optimal regimes of reducing ICs and LOS.
Topics: Aged; Enteral Nutrition; Gastrectomy; Humans; Middle Aged; Network Meta-Analysis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 28423579
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15580 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2021There have been few studies about gene differences between patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer and those with intestinal-type gastric cancer. The aim of this study...
INTRODUCTION
There have been few studies about gene differences between patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer and those with intestinal-type gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the transcriptomes of signet ring cell gastric cancer (worst prognosis in diffuse-type) and well-differentiated gastric cancer (best prognosis in intestinal-type); NUDC was identified, and its prognostic role was studied.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed next-generation sequencing with 5 well-differentiated gastric cancers and 3 of signet ring cell gastric cancer surgical samples. We performed gene enrichment and functional annotation analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery bioinformatics resources. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate NUDC expression.
RESULTS
Overall, 900 genes showed significantly higher expression, 644 genes showed lower expression in signet ring cell gastric cancer than in well-differentiated gastric cancers, and there was a large difference in adhesion, vascular development, and cell-to-cell junction components between the 2 subtypes. We performed variant analysis and found 52 variants and 30 cancer driver genes, including NUDC. We analyzed NUDC expression in gastric cancer tissue and its relationship with prognosis. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified T stage, N stage, and NUDC expression as independent risk factors for survival ( < 0.05). The overall survival of the NUDC-positive group was significantly higher (53.2 ± 0.92 months) than that of the NUDC-negative group (44.6 ± 3.7 months) ( = 0.001) in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
CONCLUSION
We found 30 cancer driver gene candidates and found that the NUDC-positive group showed significantly better survival than the NUDC-negative group via variant analysis.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Nuclear Proteins; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34060350
DOI: 10.1177/15330338211019501 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... Apr 2006The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of chemotherapy and support treatment in patients with advanced non-resectable gastric cancer in a systematic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of chemotherapy and support treatment in patients with advanced non-resectable gastric cancer in a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that included a comparison of chemotherapy and support care treatment in patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma, regardless of their age, gender or place of treatment. The search strategy was based on the criteria of the Cochrane Base, using the following key words: 1) randomized clinical trials and antineoplastic combined therapy or gastrointestinal neoplasm, 2) stomach neoplasm and drug therapy, 3) clinical trial and multi-modality therapy, 4) stomach neoplasm and drug therapy or quality of life, 5) double-blind method or clinical trial. The search was carried out using the Cochrane, Medline and Lilacs databases. Five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, for a total of 390 participants, 208 (53%) receiving chemotherapy, 182 (47%) receiving support care treatment and 6 losses (1.6%). The 1-year survival rate was 8% for support care and 20% for chemotherapy (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.00-4.57, P = 0.05); 30% of the patients in the chemotherapy group and 12% in the support care group attained a 6-month symptom-free period (RR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.41-3.87, P < 0.01). Quality of life evaluated after 4 months was significantly better for the chemotherapy patients (34%; RR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.31-3.28, P < 0.01) with tumor mass reduction (RR = 3.32, 95% CI = 0.77-14.24, P = 0.1). Chemotherapy increased the 1-year survival rate of the patients and provided a longer symptom-free period of 6 months and an improvement in quality of life.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Palliative Care; Prognosis; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 16612465
DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000400002 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... Dec 2016The second half of the 20th century has seen a sharp worldwide decline in both the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Despite this, gastric cancer is the most... (Review)
Review
The second half of the 20th century has seen a sharp worldwide decline in both the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Despite this, gastric cancer is the most common cause of mortality in the world. It is closely related to the commonly asymptomatic course at the beginning and delayed diagnosis. Approximately 90‑97% of stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas, which may be subdivided histologically into two categories - intestinal type, and diffuse type. Cancer metastasis is a complex multi‑step process that is closely associated with tumor phenotype. The most important steps in the metastasis process are proteolytic activity, migration, adhesion, proliferation, and neovascularization. In this review we focus on mechanisms regulating gastric cancer metastasis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 28100845
DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1227643