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Dental Clinics of North America Oct 2017This article provides a brief review of recent investigations concerning the structure and properties of the tooth. The last decade has brought a greater emphasis on the... (Review)
Review
This article provides a brief review of recent investigations concerning the structure and properties of the tooth. The last decade has brought a greater emphasis on the durability of the tooth, an improved understanding of the fatigue and fracture behavior of the principal tissues, and their importance to tooth failures. The primary contributions to tooth durability are discussed, including the process of placing a restoration, the impact of aging, and challenges posed by the oral environment. The significance of these findings to the dental community and their importance to the pursuit of lifelong oral health are highlighted.
Topics: Aging; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Humans; Tooth
PubMed: 28886762
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.05.001 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2009In recent years, many researchers have investigated the various factors that can influence body posture: mood states, anxiety, head and neck positions, oral functions... (Review)
Review
In recent years, many researchers have investigated the various factors that can influence body posture: mood states, anxiety, head and neck positions, oral functions (respiration, swallowing), oculomotor and visual systems, and the inner ear. Recent studies indicate a role for trigeminal afferents on body posture, but this has not yet been demonstrated conclusively. The present study aims to review the papers that have shown a relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. These studies suggest that tension in the stomatognathic system can contribute to impaired neural control of posture. Numerous anatomical connections between the stomatognathic system's proprioceptive inputs and nervous structures are implicated in posture (cerebellum, vestibular and oculomotor nuclei, superior colliculus). If the proprioceptive information of the stomatognathic system is inaccurate, then head control and body position may be affected. In addition, the present review discusses the role the myofascial system plays in posture. If confirmed by further research, these considerations can improve our understanding and treatment of muscular-skeletal disorders that are associated with temporomandibular joint disorders, occlusal changes, and tooth loss.
Topics: Facial Pain; Humans; Postural Balance; Posture; Spinal Curvatures; Stomatognathic System; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 19142553
DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000100011 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Apr 2017posture is the position of the body in the space, and is controlled by a set of anatomical structures. The maintenance and the control of posture are a set of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF WORK
posture is the position of the body in the space, and is controlled by a set of anatomical structures. The maintenance and the control of posture are a set of interactions between muscle-skeletal, visual, vestibular, and skin system. Lately there are numerous studies that correlate the muscle-skeletal and the maintenance of posture. In particular, the correction of defects and obstruction of temporomandibular disorders, seem to have an impact on posture. The aim of this work is to collect information in literature on posture and the influence of the stomatognathic system on postural system.
METHODS
Comparison of the literature on posture and posturology by consulting books and scientific sites.
RESULTS
the results obtained from the comparison of the literature show a discrepancy between the thesis. Some studies support the correlation between stomatognathic system and posture, while others deny such a correlation.
CONCLUSIONS
further studies are necessary to be able to confirm one or the other argument.
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Posture; Proprioception; Stomatognathic System
PubMed: 28467328
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i1.5309 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are primarily characterized by pain as well as disorders concerning the proper functioning of individual elements of the stomatognathic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are primarily characterized by pain as well as disorders concerning the proper functioning of individual elements of the stomatognathic system (SS). The aim of the study was to compare the degree of relaxation of the anterior part of the temporal muscles and the masseter muscles, achieved through the use of post-isometric relaxation and myofascial release methods in patients requiring prosthetic treatment due to temporomandibular joint disorders with a dominant muscular component. Sixty patients who met the inclusion criteria were alternately assigned to one of the two study groups, either group I-patients received post-isometric relaxation treatment (PIR), or group II-patients received myofascial release treatment (MR). The series of ten treatments were performed in both groups. The comparative assessment was based on physiotherapeutic examination, a surface electromyography (sEMG) of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles and the intensity of spontaneous masticatory muscle pain, assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). We observed a significant decrease in the electrical activity of examined muscles and a significant drop in the intensity of spontaneous pain in the masticatory muscles both in group I and II. There were no significant differences between groups. Both therapeutic methods may be used as successful forms of adjunctive therapy in the prosthetic treatment of TMD. The trial was registered with an international clinical trials register.
Topics: Electromyography; Humans; Masseter Muscle; Masticatory Muscles; Myofascial Release Therapy; Temporal Muscle; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 34948580
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412970 -
Swiss Dental Journal Sep 2018The individual appearance and facial expression are based on the musculoskeletal system of the face. The bones of the face contribute to the anterior portion of the... (Review)
Review
The individual appearance and facial expression are based on the musculoskeletal system of the face. The bones of the face contribute to the anterior portion of the skull. This region is also referred to as the facial skeleton or viscerocranium. The muscles of the face include all mimetic muscles innervated by the cranial nerve VII (facial nerve). Two masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis) that are supplied by the motoric portion of the cranial nerve V3 (mandibular nerve) also contribute to the contour of the face. The mimetic muscles (also known as facial muscles or skin muscles) generally originate from underlying bone surfaces and insert to the skin of the face or intermingle with other facial muscles. This complex musculature contributes to the functioning of the orofacial sense organs and the mediation of emotional and affective states (facial expression). Other soft tissue components of the face include the fasciae and fat compartments. The face commonly exhibits a superficial and a deep fascia, and various facial fat compartments are present.
Topics: Face; Facial Muscles; Facial Nerve; Masseter Muscle; Temporal Muscle
PubMed: 30056693
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... 2015Temporomandibular joint derangement is a common disorder of the stomatognathic system. One type of these disorders is disc displacement without reduction with limited... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular joint derangement is a common disorder of the stomatognathic system. One type of these disorders is disc displacement without reduction with limited mouth opening, characterized by pain in affected TMJ and a decreased range of mouth opening. The natural course of closed lock is self-limiting. However, if there is no significant improvement after 12 weeks of following natural course of disc displacement without reduction, this is an indication that the therapy should be implemented. The article presents a review of the most commonly applied methods of basic conservative closed lock treatment. The most commonly applied methods of closed lock conservative management are: education and counseling, mandibular manipulation, splint therapy, exercise therapy and pharmacotherapy. The first choice method of treatment should be minimally invasive. The surgical management should be considered after unsuccessful conservative therapy. All presented methods of closed lock treatment seem to be effective in decreasing pain and reestablishing physiological range of motion.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Recovery of Function; Temporomandibular Joint Disc; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26469120
DOI: 10.17219/acem/35165 -
Stem Cells Translational Medicine Apr 2020Human pulp stem cells (PSCs) include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from dental pulp tissues of human extracted permanent teeth and stem cells from human... (Review)
Review
Human pulp stem cells (PSCs) include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from dental pulp tissues of human extracted permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Depending on their multipotency and sensitivity to local paracrine activity, DPSCs and SHED exert therapeutic applications at multiple levels beyond the scope of the stomatognathic system. This review is specifically concentrated on PSC-updated biological characteristics and their promising therapeutic applications in (pre)clinical practice. Biologically, distinguished from conventional mesenchymal stem cell markers in vitro, NG2, Gli1, and Celsr1 have been evidenced as PSC markers in vivo. Both perivascular cells and glial cells account for PSC origin. Therapeutically, endodontic regeneration is where PSCs hold the most promises, attributable of PSCs' robust angiogenic, neurogenic, and odontogenic capabilities. More recently, the interplay between cell homing and liberated growth factors from dentin matrix has endowed a novel approach for pulp-dentin complex regeneration. In addition, PSC transplantation for extraoral tissue repair and regeneration has achieved immense progress, following their multipotential differentiation and paracrine mechanism. Accordingly, PSC banking is undergoing extensively with the intent of advancing tissue engineering, disease remodeling, and (pre)clinical treatments.
Topics: Animals; Biological Specimen Banks; Dental Pulp; Humans; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 31943813
DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0398 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Jun 2019The concept of diagnostics and therapy of musculoskeletal and neuropathic diseases of the stomatognathic system, which are the subject of this paper, has been developing...
The concept of diagnostics and therapy of musculoskeletal and neuropathic diseases of the stomatognathic system, which are the subject of this paper, has been developing for decades. It can be said that in order to avoid misunderstanding, the orofacial pain as a clinical problem, in the narrower sense, involves non-odontogenic and non-malignant causes of orofacial region. In this study, the results of clinical diagnosis of the population of 557 consecutive patients with orofacial pain based on multidisciplinary diagnostics were evaluated. 15.6% of patients have given up on the participation in the study. It has been shown that the patients who dropped out of the study were significantly older (p=0.0411) than those who agreed to participate, but there was no difference in gender ratio (p=0.185) since the proportion of female patients prevailed. In an analysis of 84.4% of patients participating in the study, the elevated anxiety values were established (mean value on STAI 1 was 39.2 and STAI 2 was 41.1) and statistical significance was found in correlation between elevated anxiety and intensity of pain as shown on visual analogue scale on open mouth (p<0.0001). Compared to the age, the statistical significance was for STAI 1 (p=0.0097) but not for STAI 2 (p=0.5599). The most common form of therapy is Michigan stabilization splint: for disc displacement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 38.9% of patients and in combination with physiotherapy in 18.7% of patients; for osteoarthritis of TMJ in 28.4% and in combination with physiotherapy in 26.4% of patients. The treatment with anticonvulsant drugs for trigeminal neuralgia predominates in 54.3% of patients, which is combined with acupuncture in 25.7% of patients and only acupuncture in 17.1% of patients. In this study, a multidisciplinary co-operation in initial diagnostics and differential was designed to develop subspecialist knowledge on orofacial pain.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Child; Facial Pain; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Pain Measurement; Physical Therapy Modalities; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Trigeminal Neuralgia; Young Adult
PubMed: 31741564
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.s1.12 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Nov 2019Down syndrome (DS) is the most often diagnosed chromosomal disorder in newborns. The incidence is 1:792 live births. The article describes the irregularities and...
Down syndrome (DS) is the most often diagnosed chromosomal disorder in newborns. The incidence is 1:792 live births. The article describes the irregularities and characteristics found in trisomy 21, which greatly affect the functioning of the stomatognathic system. The most significant disorders include the following: false macroglossia, muscular hypotonia and gothic palate. These abnormalities affect articulation, breathing, food intake, and swallowing. We analyzed the morphological characteristics of the craniofacial region in children with DS based on the current literature review. The following databases were used for the analysis: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Infona, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. In the course of the study, 199 pieces of literature were analyzed; the analysis also included 18 articles on children and adults with DS. It also took into account the structure of the palate, dental and skeletal defects, size of the tongue, muscular hypotonia, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Down syndrome is still a current subject of research. Although macroglossia, hypotonia, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint abnormalities are not features exclusive to DS, numerous dysfunctions and parafunctions as well as retarded psychomotor development greatly complicate the treatment. Therefore, interdisciplinary treatment of patients with trisomy 21 and early treatment in the first months of life with the use of the Castillo-Morales plate are very important, as they ensure better adaptation to the subsequently used apparatus and reduce the risk of disorders of the stomatognathic system.
Topics: Down Syndrome; Facial Muscles; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Macroglossia; Muscle Hypotonia; Tongue; Trisomy
PubMed: 31778604
DOI: 10.17219/acem/112785 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2020To evaluate tooth behaviours under various maxillary incisor retraction protocols for clear aligner therapy. A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary...
To evaluate tooth behaviours under various maxillary incisor retraction protocols for clear aligner therapy. A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition was constructed for first premolar extraction. A loading method was developed to mimic the mode of action of clear aligners for incisor en masse retraction. Three protocols with different amounts of retraction and intrusion on incisors were designed. Initial tooth displacements and stresses on periodontal ligaments were analysed with ANSYS software. The central (U) and lateral (U) incisors exhibited uncontrolled lingual tipping and extrusion upon 0.25 mm retraction. U1 exhibited translation movement, while U underwent less tipping during 0.2 mm retraction and 0.15 mm intrusion. Labial tipping and intrusion of U and bodily intrusion of U were observed during 0.1 mm of retraction and 0.23 mm of intrusion. With the additional intrusion on incisors, canine showed extrusion movement, and higher stresses on periodontal ligaments were shifted from U to canines. Incisors also exhibited different mesial-distal angulation in the three simulations, while posterior teeth all suffered mesial inclination. Incorporating intrusion displacement in clear aligners led to a tendency of lingual root movement during incisor retraction. The complexity of tooth movement should be recognized regarding clear aligner therapy.
Topics: Bicuspid; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dentition; Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Incisor; Maxilla; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Periodontal Ligament; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Software; Stress, Mechanical; Tooth Mobility; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 32576935
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67273-2