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Canada Communicable Disease Report =... Sep 2018Rat bite fever (RBF) is a rare bacterial zoonotic infection caused by and which are found naturally in rodent respiratory tracts. Recently, multiple cases of RBF were...
BACKGROUND
Rat bite fever (RBF) is a rare bacterial zoonotic infection caused by and which are found naturally in rodent respiratory tracts. Recently, multiple cases of RBF were observed on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a case series analysis of cases of RBF on Vancouver Island between 2010 and 2016 to characterize the epidemiology, presentation, microbiology and treatment of RBF.
METHODS
Cases were identified through queries of discharge diagnosis and microbiology laboratory information. Clinical details were collected through review of electronic and paper chart reviews of hospital documentation from Island Health.
RESULTS
Eleven cases of RBF on Vancouver Island were identified between 2010 and 2016. Most cases of RBF were confirmed with identification of by culture or molecular techniques. All cases presented with fever, and a subset had one or more of the following: myalgia, rash, polyarthralgia, joint effusions, and emesis. All cases were successfully treated with penicillin, ceftriaxone or doxycycline. Seven cases required hospitalization, but there were no deaths or significant morbidity.
CONCLUSION
This is the largest single case series of RBF in Canada. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion by clinicians and early intervention is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality.
PubMed: 31015812
DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v44i09a05 -
Journal of Bacteriology May 1970Cholesterol requirement for growth of mycoplasmas was tested in a serum-free medium supplemented with albumin, l-arginine, palmitic acid, and various concentrations of...
Cholesterol requirement for growth of mycoplasmas was tested in a serum-free medium supplemented with albumin, l-arginine, palmitic acid, and various concentrations of cholesterol dissolved in Tween 80. In cases in which Tween 80 was shown to inhibit growth, the test medium was supplemented with cholesterol dissolved in ethanol. Of the 31 species examined, all but Mycoplasma laidlawii, M. granularum, and Mycoplasma species strain S-743 exhibited a growth response to cholesterol. No requirement for cholesterol could be shown with the stable L-phase variants of Streptobacillus moniliformis and Proteus species. The results provide experimental support for the view that the large majority of the established Mycoplasma species require cholesterol for growth.
Topics: Arginine; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriological Techniques; Centrifugation; Cholesterol; Culture Media; Ethanol; Mycoplasma; Palmitic Acids; Proteus; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Streptobacillus; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 4911537
DOI: 10.1128/jb.102.2.306-310.1970 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2020: An insufficient mineralization (hypomineralization) in the teeth during the maturation stage of amelogenesis cause defects in 3-44% of children. Here, we describe for...
: An insufficient mineralization (hypomineralization) in the teeth during the maturation stage of amelogenesis cause defects in 3-44% of children. Here, we describe for the first time the microbiota associated with these defects and compared it to healthy teeth within the same subjects. : Supragingival dental plaque was sampled from healthy and affected teeth from 25 children with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Total DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by Illumina sequencing in order to describe the bacterial composition. : We detected a higher bacterial diversity in MIH samples, suggesting better bacterial adhesion or higher number of niches in those surfaces. We found the genera and associated with hypomineralized teeth, whereas and were associated with healthy sites. : The higher protein content of MIH-affected teeth could favour colonization by proteolytic microorganisms. The over-representation of bacteria associated with endodontic infections and periodontal pathologies suggests that, in addition to promote caries development, MIH could increase the risk of other oral diseases.
PubMed: 32595912
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1766166 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2019
Topics: Blood Culture; Hand; Humans; Male; Rat-Bite Fever; Skin; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Streptobacillus; Symptom Assessment; Young Adult
PubMed: 31871056
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00677-19 -
BMC Genomics Aug 2016Black extrinsic discoloration in primary dentition is a common clinical and aesthetic problem that can co-occur with dental caries, the most common oral diseases in...
BACKGROUND
Black extrinsic discoloration in primary dentition is a common clinical and aesthetic problem that can co-occur with dental caries, the most common oral diseases in childhood. Although the role of bacteria in the formation of pigment and caries in primary dentition is important, their basic features still remain a further mystery.
METHODS
Using targeted sequencing of the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, we obtained a dataset consisting of 831,381 sequences from 111 saliva samples and 110 supragingival plaque samples from 40 patients with pigment (black extrinsic stain), 20 with caries (obvious decay), and 25 with both pigment and caries and from 26 healthy individuals. We applied a Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM)-based community typing approach to investigate oral microbial community types.
RESULTS
Our results revealed significant structural segregation of microbial communities, as indicated by the identification of two plaque community types (A and B) and three saliva community types (C-E). We found that the independent occurrence of the two plaque community types, A and B, was potentially associated with our oral diseases of interest. For type A, three co-occurring bacterial genus pairs could separately play a potential role in the formation of pigment (Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium), caries (unclassified Gemellales and Granulicatella), and mixed caries and pigment (Streptococcus and Mogibacterium). For type B, three co-occurring bacterial genera (unclassified Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcus, and Clostridium) were related to mixed pigment and caries. Three dominant bacterial genera (Selenomonas, Gemella, and Streptobacillus) were linked to the presence of caries.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates that plaque-associated oral microbial communities could majorly contribute to the formation of pigment and caries in primary dentition and suggests potential clinical applications of monitoring oral microbiota as an indicator for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Topics: Cluster Analysis; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Humans; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Selection, Genetic; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 27495902
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2891-z -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 2016
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthralgia; Blood; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Exanthema; Fever; Humans; Male; Microscopy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rat-Bite Fever; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology; Streptobacillus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27458267
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02056-14 -
PloS One 2015The genus Streptobacillus (S.) remained monotypic for almost 90 years until two new species were recently described. The type species, S. moniliformis, is one of the two...
The genus Streptobacillus (S.) remained monotypic for almost 90 years until two new species were recently described. The type species, S. moniliformis, is one of the two etiological agents of rat bite fever, an under-diagnosed, worldwide occurring zoonosis. In a polyphasic approach field isolates and reference strains of S. moniliformis, S. hongkongensis, S. felis as well as divergent isolates were characterized by comparison of molecular data (n = 29) and from the majority also by their physiological as well as proteomic properties (n = 22). Based on growth-independent physiological profiling using VITEK2-compact, API ZYM and the Micronaut system fastidious growth-related difficulties could be overcome and streptobacilli could definitively be typed despite generally few differences. While differing in their isolation sites and dates, S. moniliformis isolates were found to possess almost identical spectra in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic methods facilitated differentiation of S. moniliformis, S. hongkongensis and S. felis as well as one divergent isolate. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene as well as functional genes groEL, recA and gyrB revealed only little intraspecific variability, but generally proved suitable for interspecies discrimination between all three taxa and two groups of divergent isolates.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Base Sequence; Chickens; Discriminant Analysis; Genotype; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Mice; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Rats; Streptobacillus
PubMed: 26252790
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134312 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Jan 2024This study was designed to analyze the structural characteristics of the intestinal flora of elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia, thereby providing new ideas for...
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to analyze the structural characteristics of the intestinal flora of elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia, thereby providing new ideas for clinical treatment.
METHODS
Firstly, fecal samples were collected from 40 elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia (Sarcopenia group) and 40 healthy people (Control group). Next, significant differences in the intestinal flora between the two groups were analyzed based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to estimate the magnitude of the effect of each component (species) abundance on the differential effect. Additionally, an analysis was also performed on the relationship between the intestinal flora and the cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with sarcopenia.
RESULTS
The results of β diversity showed that there were differences in the structure of the intestinal flora between the two groups. Besides, the phylum level of intestinal flora between the two groups was not significantly different. However, the difference was significant in the intestinal flora at the order, family, and genus levels between the two groups. Among them, Lachnoclostridium, Photobacterium, Anaerobic Bacillus, Hydrogenophilus, and Eubacterium were enriched in the Sarcopenia group; Prevotella 9, Firmicutes FCS020 group, Streptobacillus, Aggregatibacter, Corynebacterium, Clostridium Difficile, and Haloanaerobium were enriched in the Control group. The LEfSe outcomes further showed that Lachnoclostridium was highly enriched in the Sarcopenia group; Prevotella 9 and Firmicutes FCS020 group were significantly enriched in the Control group. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium and Streptobacillus were significantly different in patients with high and low IL-6 levels.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Lachnoclostridium is significantly enriched in the intestines of elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia; the increase in Lachnoclostridium abundance and the decrease in Streptobacillus abundance are associated with high levels of IL-6. Therefore, abnormal intestinal flora is related to inflammatory reflexes in patients with sarcopenia.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Interleukin-6; Sarcopenia; Cytokines; Feces
PubMed: 38270306
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1097 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Mar 2024We describe a case of endocarditis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteria, a known cause of rat-bite fever, in a 32-year-old woman with pet rats in Germany. The...
We describe a case of endocarditis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteria, a known cause of rat-bite fever, in a 32-year-old woman with pet rats in Germany. The patient had a strong serologic response, with high IgM and IgG titers. Serologic analysis is a promising tool to identify S. moniliformis bacterial infection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Animals; Rats; Adult; Endocarditis; Streptobacillus; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M
PubMed: 38407252
DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230917 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Sep 2020Fever in combination with a rash is a presentation regularly seen in medicine. The causes clinicians must consider include infections, medications, autoimmune diseases.
BACKGROUND
Fever in combination with a rash is a presentation regularly seen in medicine. The causes clinicians must consider include infections, medications, autoimmune diseases.
CASE PRESENTATION
A previously healthy young woman presented with a 3 to 4 day history of fever, headache and a maculopapular rash that also affected her palms. She was in a stable condition and was admitted for observation and further investigations without initiating antibiotic treatment. During the next two days her condition improved spontaneously, and her symptoms were initially interpreted as a viral infection. On day 3, blood cultures taken on the day of admission came back positive for Streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative agent of rat-bite fever. A more detailed patient history was taken, and the patient reported that she had several pet rats and one of them had given her some superficial scratches a few days before she fell ill.
INTERPRETATION
Rats and other rodents are often colonised by Streptobacillus moniliformis in their oropharynx. Many people keep such animals as pets, and it is important to be aware of this disease as a differential diagnosis when a patient presents with fever and rash. Untreated, the disease might have a fatal course and the treatment of choice, penicillin, is usually easily available.
Topics: Animals; Exanthema; Female; Headache; Humans; Rat-Bite Fever; Rats; Streptobacillus
PubMed: 32998485
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0673