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Tropical Biomedicine Jun 2019A study was conducted for the examination of bacterial species isolated in dogs from Animal Clinics of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. Forty nasal swabs were...
A study was conducted for the examination of bacterial species isolated in dogs from Animal Clinics of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. Forty nasal swabs were taken from dogs having respiratory signs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most frequently isolated pathogen (37.50 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (18.75%), Streptococcus pluranimalium (10.93%), Streptococcus canis (9.37%), Staphylococcus schleiferi (9.37%), Staphylococcus intermedius (6.25%), Staphylococcus cohnii (4.71%) and Staphylococcus hominis (3.12%). S. pseudintermedius and S. pluranimalium were subjected to commonly used antibiotics for determination of resistant drugs. Antimicrobial resistance in S. pseudintermedius was common in gentamicin (70.83%) and tetracycline (50%) while in S. pluranimalium was common in enrofloxacin (71.42%) and gentamicin (57.14%).
PubMed: 33597408
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Sep 2017For proper treatment of bacterial infections in mink, knowledge of the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is crucial. The used...
BACKGROUND
For proper treatment of bacterial infections in mink, knowledge of the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is crucial. The used antimicrobials are in general not registered for mink, i.e. most usage is "off-label". In this study, we report the patterns of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria isolated from Danish mink during the period 2014-2016. The aim of this investigation was to provide data on antimicrobial resistance and consumption, to serve as background knowledge for new veterinary guidelines for prudent and optimal antimicrobial usage in mink.
RESULTS
A total number of 308 Escherichia coli isolates, 41 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36 Streptococcus canis, 30 Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 55 Staphylococcus delphini, 9 Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 Staphylococcus schleiferi were included in this study. Among E. coli, resistance was observed more frequently among the hemolytic isolates than among the non-hemolytic ones. The highest frequency of resistance was found to ampicillin, 82.3% and 48.0% of the hemolytic of the non-hemolytic isolates, respectively. The majority of the P. aeruginosa isolates were only sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Among the Staphylococcus spp., the highest occurrence of resistance was found for tetracycline. Regarding the nine S. aureus, one isolate was resistant to cefoxitin indicating it was a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Both β-hemolytic Streptococcus species showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. The antimicrobial consumption increased significantly during 2007-2012, and fluctuated at a high level during 2012-2016, except for a temporary drop in 2013-2014. The majority of the prescribed antimicrobials were aminopenicillins followed by tetracyclines and macrolides.
CONCLUSIONS
The study showed that antimicrobial resistance was common in most pathogenic bacteria from mink, in particular hemolytic E. coli. There is a need of guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials for mink.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Denmark; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mink
PubMed: 28903765
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0328-6 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Dairy mastitis is a disease of dairy cattle caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms which has biought huge economic losses aused huge economic losses to the...
Dairy mastitis is a disease of dairy cattle caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms which has biought huge economic losses aused huge economic losses to the world. In this paper, Harmine derivatives and tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives synthesized by the splice method are shown to have a good inhibitory effect on the pathogenic bacteria of dairy mastitis. The results of a bacteriostatic test on pathogenic bacteria of dairy cow mastitis (, , and ) showed that compound had the best bacteriostatic effect on , with a mic value of 43.7 μ g/mL. When the concentration of was 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC, it had a significant inhibitory effect on , and there was almost no growth of at 4 × MIC. The binding properties of target compound to protein were simulated by the molecular docking technique. The ligand achieved strong binding with the receptor through three hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds were amino acid residues thr-52, arg-51 and ser-24, which are the main force for the compound to bind to active sites.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbolines; Cattle; Female; Harmine; Humans; Mastitis, Bovine; Molecular Docking Simulation; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35566239
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092888 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2023Studies of microbiota in normal canine milk from healthy dams are sparse. As is the case with blood and urine, it was considered that milk contains no microbiota. Any...
Studies of microbiota in normal canine milk from healthy dams are sparse. As is the case with blood and urine, it was considered that milk contains no microbiota. Any discovery of bacteria in canine milk is, therefore, often noted to be a result of contamination during sampling or interpreted as mastitis and treated with antibiotics. Milk was collected twice within 19 days after natural parturition from 11 lactating dams, with no general or local clinical signs of mastitis or other disease. The skin and teats were prepared with an antimicrobial protocol prior to each milk sampling. In total, 210 milk samples were collected and assessed for a number of bacterial colonies grown on each plate. Bacterial growth was detected in 180 samples (86%). , spp., spp., Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), spp., , spp., spp., and were identified from pure and/or mixed bacterial growth, listed in descending order of occurrence. Despite the small sample size, the consistent occurrence of bacteria in early postpartum dams indicates a genuine occurrence of bacteria in canine milk, rather than random contamination. The finding of bacteria in the milk of dams should not, therefore, be the sole argument for the diagnosis of mastitis.
PubMed: 37444004
DOI: 10.3390/ani13132206 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Mar 2014A 4-year-old spayed female Mastiff was evaluated for treatment of chronic nonhealing pressure wounds over both elbow regions resulting from attempts at hypertrophic...
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 4-year-old spayed female Mastiff was evaluated for treatment of chronic nonhealing pressure wounds over both elbow regions resulting from attempts at hypertrophic callus excision.
CLINICAL FINDINGS
The wound bed granulation tissue was mottled red and yellow with hyperemic, rolled epithelial edges. The right wound communicated with a large fluid pocket along the thoracic wall. The dog had an inflammatory leukogram with a left shift.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
The wounds were debrided, and tissue specimens were collected for histologic evaluation, microbial culture, and bacterial identification by means of molecular diagnostic techniques. The left wound was closed immediately. Calcium alginate rope with silver was packed into the right wound. Vacuum-assisted closure was applied for 6 days. Debridement was repeated, and a thoracodorsal axial pattern flap was used to cover the wound. Systemic treatment with antimicrobials was initiated, and pressure over the elbow regions was relieved. Bacterial biofilms were identified histologically in tissue specimens from both wounds. Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus canis were cultured and identified by 16S rRNA fragment sequencing. Pyrosequencing identified multiple bacterial species and no fungal organisms. Both wounds healed successfully.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Biofilms are implicated in infected orthopedic implants in veterinary patients; however, this is the first report of a bacterial biofilm in chronic wounds in a dog. In human wound care, extensive debridement is performed to disrupt the biofilm; a multimodal treatment approach is recommended to delay reformation and help clear the infection. In this case, biofilm reformation was prevented by systemic treatment with antimicrobials, by reducing local pressure on the wounds, and by wound closure.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Debridement; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Silver; Wound Infection
PubMed: 24568112
DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.6.699 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2021Bacterial keratitis is a serious and vision-threatening condition in veterinary and human patients, one that often requires culture and susceptibility testing to adjust...
Bacterial keratitis is a serious and vision-threatening condition in veterinary and human patients, one that often requires culture and susceptibility testing to adjust therapy and improve clinical outcomes. The present study challenges the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) paradigm in ophthalmology, enabling more accurate -to- translation by incorporating factors normally present during host-pathogen interactions in clinical patients. Thirty bacteria (10 , 10 , 10 ) were isolated from canine patients with infectious keratitis. For each isolate, commercial plates (Sensititre™ JOEYE2) were used to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 different antibiotics in the absence (0% albumin, control) or presence of canine albumin (0.01-2%). For , the experiment was repeated with actual tear fluid collected from canine eyes with ocular surface inflammation. Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman's correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. Clinical outcomes were unfavorable in selected canine patients with bacterial keratitis (e.g., globe perforation, graft dehiscence) despite standard AST (i.e., 0% albumin in test medium) confirming that most corneal infections (93%) were susceptible to ≥1 topical antibiotics used at the initial visit. Albumin levels ≥0.05% increased MICs in a dose-dependent, bacteria-specific, and antibiotic-specific manner. No significant differences ( = 1.000) were noted in MICs of any antibiotic whether albumin or tear fluid was added to the Mueller-Hinton broth. Percent protein binding inherent to each antibiotic was associated with clinical interpretations (Spearman's rho = -0.53, = 0.034) but not changes in MICs. Albumin in tears impacted the efficacy of selected ophthalmic antibiotics as only the unbound portion of an antibiotic is microbiologically active. The present findings could improve decision making of clinicians managing bacterial keratitis, reduce development of antimicrobial resistance, influence current guidelines set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and serve as a reference for bacteriological evaluations across medical fields and across species.
PubMed: 34917625
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.663212 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Feb 2021The restoration of Iberian lynx () populations in Extremadura (Southwestern Spain) have been carried out since 2014. One of the measures to ensure the success of this...
The restoration of Iberian lynx () populations in Extremadura (Southwestern Spain) have been carried out since 2014. One of the measures to ensure the success of this program is to examine the effects that diseases may have on reintroduction. Since diseases may be greatly located at certain sites because of the specific ecological requirements of the pathogens and/or vectors, reintroduced individuals may present a risk of infection once released. To determine which pathogens the reintroduced individuals may encounter, we performed a molecular and sero-epidemiological survey in reintroduced and wild-born lynxes. From 2015 to 2019, 69 Iberian lynxes (40 reintroduced and 29 wild-born) were sampled and screened against 10 viral, bacterial and piroplasmid agents. In parallel, 195 sympatric carnivores from the families , , , and were tested against current or past infections to six common canine/feline viruses. In the Iberian lynx, low contact rates of active infection were obtained for the feline leukemia provirus (FeLV: 1.5%; 1/67), feline parvovirus (FPV: 1.5%; 1/67) and sp. (6.7%; 1/15). We also confirmed the emergence of Aujeszky's disease (suid herpesvirus-1) in this population (SuHV-1: 11.8%; 2/17). Evidence of previous exposure was detected for canine distemper virus (CDV: 5.8%; 3/52), feline coronavirus (1.9%; 1/52), FPV (7.7%; 1/13) and feline calicivirus (FCV: 5.3%; 1/19). From 25 recovered lynx carcasses, we could confirm infectious etiology involvement in the death of four individuals (SuHV-1 in two individuals, coinfection of spp. and in one lynx and a myositis in another lynx). We confirmed the circulation of CDV, FPV, FeLV, FCV and the feline immunodeficiency virus within the sympatric carnivore community. Due to the low contact rate of infectious agents in such a small, endangered population, we recommend continuing a disease surveillance program to determine the prognostic factors of survival, understand the role that disease may play during the reintroduction and anticipate disease outbreaks that may pose a risk for the entire reintroduced population.
PubMed: 33669869
DOI: 10.3390/ani11020547 -
PloS One 2022Laboratory surveillance and the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends and patterns among local isolates have been highly effective in providing...
Laboratory surveillance and the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends and patterns among local isolates have been highly effective in providing comprehensive information for public health decision-making. A total of 396 cases along with 449 specimens were received for antibiotic susceptibility testing at a public university veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Malaysia between 2015 and 2017. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (n = 101, 13%) bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 97, 12%) and Streptococcus canis (n = 62, 8%). In cats, S. pseudintermedius isolates were highly resistant to azithromycin (90%), while the E. coli isolates were highly resistant to doxycycline (90%), tetracycline (81%), and cephalexin (75%). About 55% of S. pseudintermedius and 82% of E. coli were multi-drug resistant (MDR). In dogs, S. intermedius isolates were highly resistant to aminoglycosides neomycin (90.9%) and gentamicin (84.6%), and tetracycline (75%). Whereas the E. coli isolates were highly resistant to cephalexin (82.1%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (76.5%). MDR was observed in 60% of S. intermedius and 72% of E. coli from dogs. Generally, the bacterial isolates from cats demonstrated higher levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics compared to those from dogs.
Topics: Cats; Dogs; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Retrospective Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple
PubMed: 36477195
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277664 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2019A middle-aged man presented with fever and shortness of breath. He had significant history of congestive heart disease and received deceased donor renal transplant 2...
A middle-aged man presented with fever and shortness of breath. He had significant history of congestive heart disease and received deceased donor renal transplant 2 years prior to presentation. He was febrile and found to have sepsis. His initial blood cultures grew Streptococcus canis. Streptococcus canis causes rare infection in humans, and this is most likely the first case in the renal transplant population.
Topics: Bacteremia; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Transplant Recipients
PubMed: 30929468
DOI: 10.1177/2324709619834592 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020The objective of this study was to describe bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility results in 476 dogs presenting with suspected bacterial keratitis in Iowa and...
The objective of this study was to describe bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility results in 476 dogs presenting with suspected bacterial keratitis in Iowa and surrounding Midwestern states, further detailing trends in patient characteristics, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance. Corneal swabs yielded 465 bacterial isolates and 220 cultures (46.2%) with no apparent growth (0-5 isolates per culture). The most frequent bacterial genera were (32.3%), (19.1%), and (12.5%), while the most common bacterial species were (26.7%), (12%), and (7.5%). Compared to mixed-breed dogs, canine breeds most likely to be examined for ulcerative keratitis included Boston terrier, Cavalier King Charles spaniel, miniature pinscher, pug, rat terrier, Saint Bernard, shih tzu, and silky terriers. In summer, the likelihood to yield a negative culture was reduced while the likelihood to culture species was increased. Bacteria considered multidrug resistant (MDR, resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes) represented 20% of all canine isolates and were most prevalent for species (33%). An alarming, escalating trend of MDR prevalence was noted between 2016 (5%) and 2020 (34%). Individual ophthalmic preparations (i.e., single antibiotics or commercially available antibiotic combinations) with highest efficacy against all bacterial isolates included chloramphenicol (83%), ceftiofur (79%), amikacin (77%), neomycin-polymyxin B-bacitracin (77%), and gentamicin (74%). Efficacy of systemic antibiotics and combinations of ophthalmic preparations was also evaluated. Based on the present findings, triple antibiotic (Neo-Poly-Bac) is recommended as empirical monotherapy for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in dogs with simple corneal ulcers, while a chloramphenicol-ciprofloxacin combination is empirically recommended for therapeutic management of infected corneal ulcers. Pending culture and susceptibility results, appropriate selection of empiric antibiotic therapy is important to enhance therapeutic outcome and reduce antibacterial resistance in dogs with corneal ulceration.
PubMed: 33330707
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583965