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Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2022This study aims to evaluate the in silico genomic characteristics of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius, isolated from Coalho cheese from Paraíba, Brazil,...
This study aims to evaluate the in silico genomic characteristics of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius, isolated from Coalho cheese from Paraíba, Brazil, with a view to application in lactic fermentations. rRNA sequences from the 16S ribosomal region were used as input to GenBank, in the search for patterns that could reveal a non-pathogenic behavior of S. infantarius subsp. infantarius, comparing mobile genetic elements, antibiotic resistance genes, pan-genome analysis and multi-genome alignment among related species. S. infantarius subsp. infantarius CJ18 was the only complete genome reported by BLAST/NCBI with high similarity and after comparative genetics with complete genomes of Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG153, NJ1606) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST106, CS18, IDCC2201, APC151) revealed that CJ18 showed a low number of transposases and integrases, infection by phage bacteria of the Streptococcus genus, absence of antibiotic resistance genes and presence of bacteriocin, folate and riboflavin producing genes. The genome alignment revealed that the collinear blocks of S. thermophilus ST106 and S. agalactiae SAG153 have inverted blocks when compared to the CJ18 genome due to gene positioning, insertions and deletions. Therefore, the strains of S. infantarius subsp. infantarius isolated from Coalho cheese from Paraíba showed genomic similarity with CJ18 and the mobility of genes analyzed in silico showed absence of pathogenicity throughout the genome of CJ18, indicating the potential of these strains for the dairy industry.
Topics: Fermentation; Streptococcus; Genomics; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 36417612
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211447 -
International Journal of Food... Jun 2017Milk is a major source of nutrients, but can also be a vehicle for zoonotic foodborne diseases, especially when raw milk is consumed. In Africa, poor processing and... (Review)
Review
African fermented dairy products - Overview of predominant technologically important microorganisms focusing on African Streptococcus infantarius variants and potential future applications for enhanced food safety and security.
Milk is a major source of nutrients, but can also be a vehicle for zoonotic foodborne diseases, especially when raw milk is consumed. In Africa, poor processing and storage conditions contribute to contamination, outgrowth and transmission of pathogens, which lead to spoilage, reduced food safety and security. Fermentation helps mitigate the impact of poor handling and storage conditions by enhancing shelf life and food safety. Traditionally-fermented sour milk products are culturally accepted and widely distributed in Africa, and rely on product-specific microbiota responsible for aroma, flavor and texture. Knowledge of microbiota and predominant, technologically important microorganisms is critical in developing products with enhanced quality and safety, as well as sustainable interventions for these products, including Africa-specific starter culture development. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge of technologically-important microorganisms of African fermented dairy products (FDP) and raw milk, taking into consideration novel findings and taxonomy when re-analyzing data of 29 publications covering 25 products from 17 African countries. Technologically-important lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii), Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts predominated in raw milk and FDP across Africa. Re-analysis of data also suggests a much wider distribution of Sii and thus a potentially longer history of use than previously expected. Therefore, evaluating the role and safety of African Sii lineages is important when developing interventions and starter cultures for FDP in Africa to enhance food safety and food security. In-depth functional genomics, epidemiologic investigations and latest identification approaches coupled with stakeholder involvement will be required to evaluate the possibility of African Sii lineages as novel food-grade Streptococcus lineage.
Topics: Africa; Animals; Cultured Milk Products; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Food Safety; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus lactis; Microbiota; Milk; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28364623
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.012 -
PloS One 2020Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are one of the major causes of morbility and mortality worldwide. Although vaccination and antibiotherapy constitute fundamental and...
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are one of the major causes of morbility and mortality worldwide. Although vaccination and antibiotherapy constitute fundamental and complementary strategies against pneumococcal infections, they present some limitations including the increase in non-vaccine serotypes and the emergence of multidrug-resistances, respectively. Ribosomally-synthesized antimicrobial peptides (i.e. bacteriocins) produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) may represent an alternative or complementary strategy to antibiotics for the control of pneumococal infections. We tested the antimicrobial activity of 37 bacteriocinogenic LAB, isolated from food and other sources, against clinical S. pneumoniae strains. Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius LP90, isolated from Venezuelan water-buffalo milk, was selected because of its broad and strong anti-pneumococcal spectrum. The in vitro safety assessment of S. infantarius LP90 revealed that it may be considered avirulent. The analysis of a 19,539-bp cluster showed the presence of 29 putative open reading frames (ORFs), including the genes encoding 8 new class II-bacteriocins, as well as the proteins involved in their secretion, immunity and regulation. Transcriptional analyses evidenced that the induction factor (IF) structural gene, the bacteriocin/IF transporter genes, the bacteriocin structural genes and most of the bacteriocin immunity genes were transcribed. MALDI-TOF analyses of peptides purified using different multichromatographic procedures revealed that the dairy strain S. infantarius LP90 produces at least 6 bacteriocins, including infantaricin A1, a novel anti-pneumococcal two-peptide bacteriocin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriocins; Humans; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 32134941
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229417 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2018Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii), a member of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), predominates as dairy-adapted and...
Colorectal cancer-associated Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius differ from a major dairy lineage providing evidence for pathogenic, pathobiont and food-grade lineages.
Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii), a member of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), predominates as dairy-adapted and non-adapted variants in fermented dairy products (FDP) in East and West Africa. Epidemiologic data suggest an association with colorectal cancer for most SBSEC members, including Sii from Kenyan patients. Phylogenetic relationships of East African human (EAH) isolates to those of dairy and pathogenic origin were analysed to better estimate potential health implications via FDP consumption. The MLST-derived population structure was also evaluated to provide host, disease, geography and dairy adaptation associations for 157 SBSEC isolates, including 83 novel Sii/SBSEC isolates of which 40 originated from Kenyan colonoscopy patients. Clonal complex (CC) 90 was delineated as potential pathogenic CC for Sii. Single EAH, West African dairy (WAD), food and animal Sii isolates clustered within CC-90, suggesting a potential link to pathogenic traits for CC-90. The majority of EAH and WAD Sii were clustered in a shared clade distinct from CC-90 and East African dairy (EAD) isolates. This indicates shared ancestry for the EAH and WAD clade and limitations to translate disease associations of EAH and CC-90 to EAD Sii, which could support the separation of pathogenic, pathobiont/commensal and food lineages.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Cultured Milk Products; Female; Humans; Kenya; Male; Phylogeny; Streptococcus
PubMed: 29907746
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27383-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018ssp. 25124 (25124) is a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolated from , a refreshing beverage prepared by suspending fermented (a thermal and alkali-treated maize dough)...
ssp. 25124 (25124) is a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolated from , a refreshing beverage prepared by suspending fermented (a thermal and alkali-treated maize dough) in water. Although s are the predominant strains in fermented doughs, such as sourdoughs, and non-nixtamalized fermented maize foods, the microbiota is markedly different. This may be the result of the nixtamalization process, which could act as a selective force of some strains. 25124 has been reported as the main amylolytic LAB in pozol; starch is the primary carbon source on since monosaccharides and disaccharides are lost during nixtamalization; however, non-amylolytic LAB counts are higher than amylolytic LAB in after 24-h fermentation suggesting that another carbon source is being used by the former bacteria. Hemicellulose (arabinoxylan in maize) becomes available via nixtamalization and is subsequently metabolized by LAB. The aim of this work was to determine whether this bacterium is able to use arabinoxylan as the only carbon source in a defined medium containing arabinoxylan extracted from either (wash water produced during preparation), or beechwood xylan. Xylanase activity in the presence of arabinoxylan (135.8 ± 48.7 IU/mg protein) was higher than that of beechwood (62.5 ± 19.8 IU/mg protein). Other enzymatic activities, such as arabinofuranosidase and acetyl esterase, were also detected, suggesting the adaptation of the bacterium studied to dough. It was concluded that 25124 isolated from was able to use arabinoxylans, which are present in nixtamal dough, so fermentation does not depend exclusively on free sugars and starch.
PubMed: 30619147
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03061 -
PloS One 2019Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii) has been identified as predominant lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented dairy products (FDPs) in...
Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii) has been identified as predominant lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented dairy products (FDPs) in sub-Saharan Africa including Côte d'Ivoire. However, Sii belongs to the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC). Most SBSEC members are assumed to be involved as opportunistic pathogens in serious diseases in both humans and animals. A population-based cross-sectional survey, including 385 participants was conducted in Korhogo, northern Côte d'Ivoire, to identify risk factors for Sii fecal carriage, including consumption of local FDPs. A structured questionnaire was used to gather participant's socio-demographic and economic characteristics, their relation to livestock and dietary habits. In addition, fresh stool and milk samples were collected. The identification of Sii was done using a SBSEC-specific PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA and groEL genes. The overall prevalence of SBSEC and Sii carriage was 23.2% (confidence interval CI 95% = 18.9-27.5) and 12.0% (CI 95% = 8.4-15.5) for stool, respectively. Prevalence of Sii was significantly higher in consumers of artisanal butter compared with non-consumers (57.1% vs 10.1%, odds ratio OR: 11.9, 95% CI: 3.9-36.6), as well as in persons handling livestock (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.6-9.3) and livestock primary products (OR = 5.7; 95% CI = 2.3-14.3). The closer contact with livestock was a risk factor for Sii fecal carriage. Sii strains were isolated from fresh and fermented milk products with a prevalence of 30.4% and 45.4%, respectively. Analysis of Sii population structure through the SBSEC multi locus sequence typing assay revealed a close relationship across human and dairy isolates, possibly linked to a Kenyan human isolate. All these outcomes underline the interest of in-depth investigations on the ecology, potential reservoirs and pathways of contamination by Sii at the human-animal-environment interface in comparison to yet to be collected data from Europe, Asia and the Americas to further elucidate the various roles of Sii.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cultured Milk Products; Feces; Female; Food Microbiology; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Kenya; Male; Middle Aged; Milk; Multilocus Sequence Typing; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Risk Factors; Streptococcus; Young Adult
PubMed: 31774832
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225452 -
Acta Tropica Feb 2018Consumption of traditional fermented dairy products (tFDP) in Africa leads to the ingestion of up to 10Streptococcus infantarius subspecies infantarius (Sii) per... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Investigating the association between African spontaneously fermented dairy products, faecal carriage of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius and colorectal adenocarcinoma in Kenya.
Consumption of traditional fermented dairy products (tFDP) in Africa leads to the ingestion of up to 10Streptococcus infantarius subspecies infantarius (Sii) per millilitre of spontaneously fermented milk. Sii is a member of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) for which some members are associated particularly with colorectal cancer or endocarditis. The extent of health risks to tFDP consumers is largely unknown. A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi (Kenya) on 80 cases and 193 controls that were selected exhaustively from patients attending colonoscopy at the hospital. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex and residency were used in the statistical analysis. Consumption of tFDP was not associated with CRC (odds ratio (OR) 1.4; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.7-2.7; p=0.34). Risk factors associated with CRC included age above 40 years, and consumption of processed meat and alcohol. Faecal carriage of Sii was significantly higher in persons with colon tumours and polyps compared to controls (8.4% vs 21.6%: OR: 4.6; CI 1.3-15.9). Patients with haemorrhoids represented an unexpected carrier group with significantly higher Sii faecal carriage (30.4%, CI: 17.7-45.8). Consumption of tFDP does not represent risk factors for CRC whereas Sii seems to be associated with CRC. However, there is urgent need to assess this finding also in the general population, investigate the causality of SBSEC, Sii and CRC as well as compare the phylogenetic, functional and genomic relationship between human and dairy Sii with regards to the ongoing application of Sii in FDP production.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cultured Milk Products; Feces; Female; Genomics; Humans; Kenya; Male; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Risk Assessment; Streptococcus
PubMed: 29079186
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.018 -
BMC Genomics Mar 2013Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii) belongs to the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex associated with several human and animal infections....
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii) belongs to the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex associated with several human and animal infections. Sii is a predominant bacterium in spontaneously fermented milk products in Africa. The genome sequence of Sii strain CJ18 was compared with that of other Streptococcus species to identify dairy adaptations including genome decay such as in Streptococcus thermophilus, traits for its competitiveness in spontaneous milk fermentation and to assess potential health risks for consumers.
RESULTS
The genome of Sii CJ18 harbors several unique regions in comparison to Sii ATCC BAA-102T, among others an enlarged exo- and capsular polysaccharide operon; Streptococcus thermophilus-associated genes; a region containing metabolic and hypothetical genes mostly unique to CJ18 and the dairy isolate Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus; and a second oligopeptide transport operon. Dairy adaptations in CJ18 are reflected by a high percentage of pseudogenes (4.9%) representing genome decay which includes the inactivation of the lactose phosphotransferase system (lacIIABC) by multiple transposases integration. The presence of lacS and lacZ genes is the major dairy adaptation affecting lactose metabolism pathways also due to the disruption of lacIIABC.We constructed mutant strains of lacS, lacZ and lacIIABC and analyzed the resulting strains of CJ18 to confirm the redirection of lactose metabolism via LacS and LacZ.Natural competence genes are conserved in both Sii strains, but CJ18 contains a lower number of CRISPR spacers which indicates a reduced defense capability against alien DNA. No classical streptococcal virulence factors were detected in both Sii strains apart from those involved in adhesion which should be considered niche factors. Sii-specific virulence factors are not described. Several Sii-specific regions encoding uncharacterized proteins provide new leads for virulence analyses and investigation of the unclear association of dairy and clinical Sii with human diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
The genome of the African dairy isolate Sii CJ18 clearly differs from the human isolate ATCC BAA-102T. CJ18 possesses a high natural competence predisposition likely explaining the enlarged genome. Metabolic adaptations to the dairy environment are evident and especially lactose uptake corresponds to S. thermophilus. Genome decay is not as advanced as in S. thermophilus (10-19%) possibly due to a shorter history in dairy fermentations.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Camelus; Dairy Products; Fermentation; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Lac Operon; Lactose; Milk; Phylogeny; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus bovis; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 23521820
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-200 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2008Modern taxonomy has delineated Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli, and S....
Comprehensive study of strains previously designated Streptococcus bovis consecutively isolated from human blood cultures and emended description of Streptococcus gallolyticus and Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli.
Modern taxonomy has delineated Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli, and S. infantarius subsp. infantarius within the heterogenous group of previously designated clinical Streptococcus bovis bacteria. In the present study, 58 consecutive blood culture isolates initially designated S. bovis were further characterized by applying phenotypic and molecular genetic methods, and possible disease associations were investigated by studying the patients' records. Published phenotypic characteristics of S. gallolyticus and S. infantarius were not unequivocal and did not allow an unambiguous phenotypic differentiation of the 58 clinical isolates. However, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly assigned the strains to S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (n = 29), S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (n = 12), and S. infantarius subsp. coli (n = 17). Only 28% of the patients with available records presented with endocarditis and 7% presented with colon carcinoma, whereas 37% of the patients had altered liver parenchyma and 28% had gall bladder disease as underlying diseases. Detailed antimicrobial susceptibility data on both S. gallolyticus subspecies and S. infantarius subsp. coli are given for the first time. As a result of the extensive characterization of the largest number of S. gallolyticus and S. infantarius human clinical isolates published so far, emended species descriptions are given. It is recommended that both clinical microbiologists and infectious disease specialists avoid the designation S. bovis for true S. gallolyticus and S. infantarius strains in the future in order to get a clearer picture of the possible disease associations of these species.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus bovis
PubMed: 18614655
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00078-08 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... May 2014Streptococcus bovis is a well-known cause of endocarditis, but its role in other infections has not been well described. We analysed prospectively all patients with...
Streptococcus bovis is a well-known cause of endocarditis, but its role in other infections has not been well described. We analysed prospectively all patients with biliary tract infections caused by S. bovis group during the period 1988-2011. We selected those cases associated with cholangitis and cholecystitis, defined according to Tokyo guidelines. Identification of the strains was performed using the API 20 Strep and the GP card of the Vitek 2 system, and was confirmed by molecular methods. Our series included 51 cases (30 cholangitis and 21 cholecystitis). The associated microorganisms were: Streptococcus infantarius (biotype II/1) 29 cases (57%), Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (biotype II/2) 20 cases (39%) and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (biotype I) two cases (4%). The only difference found between S. infantarius and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus was a greater association of the first with malignant strictures of the bile ducts: 48% (14/29) versus 5% (1/20), p <0.001. Thirty-seven of the cases also had bacteraemia, causing 20% (37/185) of all S. bovis bacteraemia, with differences between S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (2/112; 2%) and the other two microorganisms: S. infantarius and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (35/73; 48%; p <0.001). The vast majority of biliary tract infections due to S. bovis group are caused by S. infantarius and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (S. bovis biotype II), and nearly half of the bacteraemia due to these two species has a biliary source (43% of the S. infantarius and 56% of S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Bile Ducts; Cholangitis; Cholecystitis; Choledocholithiasis; Cholestasis; Constriction, Pathologic; Digestive System Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus bovis
PubMed: 24033711
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12333