-
American Journal of Public Health Aug 1988
Topics: Animals; Bahrain; Balantidium; Sewage; Strongyloides
PubMed: 3389447
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.78.8.988-b -
PloS One 2021Hyperinfection and disseminated infection by the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis can be induced by iatrogenic administration of steroids and...
Hyperinfection and disseminated infection by the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis can be induced by iatrogenic administration of steroids and immunosuppression and lead to an elevated risk of mortality. Responses of free-living stages of S. stercoralis to the therapeutic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DXM) were investigated using RNA-seq transcriptomes of DXM-treated female and male worms. A total of 17,950 genes representing the transcriptome of these free-living adult stages were obtained, among which 199 and 263 were differentially expressed between DXM-treated females and DXM-treated males, respectively, compared with controls. According to Gene Ontology analysis, differentially expressed genes from DXM-treated females participate in developmental process, multicellular organismal process, cell differentiation, carbohydrate metabolic process and embryonic morphogenesis. Others are involved in signaling and signal transduction, including cAMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase pathway, endocrine system, and thyroid hormone pathway, as based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. The novel findings warrant deeper investigation of the influence of DXM on growth and other pathways in this neglected tropical disease pathogen, particularly in a setting of autoimmune and/or allergic disease, which may require the clinical use of steroid-like hormones during latent or covert strongyloidiasis.
Topics: Animals; Dexamethasone; Female; Life Cycle Stages; Male; Second Messenger Systems; Strongyloides stercoralis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34181669
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253701 -
BMJ Open Aug 2022is an intestinal helminth ubiquitous in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It persists in the human host for a lifetime as a result of autoinfection and if...
INTRODUCTION
is an intestinal helminth ubiquitous in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It persists in the human host for a lifetime as a result of autoinfection and if undetected and untreated, can lead to increased morbidity and high mortality in immunocompromised individuals such as the transplant population. Transplant patients, including solid-organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplants (SOT and HSCT, respectively), are at a high risk of hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis. Unfortunately screening is often not systematically performed. Prevalence estimates of in this high-risk population is not well studied. Through this systematic review, we aim to summarise the descriptive evidence on prevalence in SOT and HSCT patients, including diagnostic and screening practices alongside the cases of hyperinfection, disseminated strongyloidiasis and the mortality rate in this population.
METHODS AND ANALYSES
Through the use of various online library databases, we will conduct a systematic review including relevant literature on the prevalence of in SOT and HSCT patients as well as studies assessing hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis in this patient population. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study Design strategy and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be used to determine a final subset of studies for analysis. Quality assessment for case series and case reports will be determined by a modified quality assessment tool developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH), and the CARE guidelines, respectively. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings pertaining to the primary and secondary outcomes of interest (prevalence of and mortality rate in transplant population, respectively) alongside the associated 95% CI. Estimates from individual studies will be pooled using a random effects model.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This systematic review does not require formal ethical approval since no primary data will be collected. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and relevant conferences.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021269305.
Topics: Animals; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Organ Transplantation; Prevalence; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 35914914
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057649 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Feb 2022Strongyloidiasis and Chagas disease are endemic in northern Argentina. In this study we evaluate the association between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi infections in...
BACKGROUND
Strongyloidiasis and Chagas disease are endemic in northern Argentina. In this study we evaluate the association between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi infections in villages with diverse prevalence levels for these parasites. Further understanding in the relationship between these Neglected Tropical Diseases of South America is relevant for the design of integrated control measures as well as exploring potential biologic interactions.
METHODOLOGY
Community based cross-sectional studies were carried in different villages of the Chaco and Yungas regions in Argentina. Individuals were diagnosed by serology for S. stercoralis and T. cruzi. The association between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi, and between anemia and the two parasites was evaluated using two approaches: marginal (Ma) and multilevel regression (Mu).
RESULTS
A total of 706 individuals from six villages of northern Argentina were included. A total of 37% were positive for S. stercoralis, 14% were positive for T. cruzi and 5% were positive for both. No association was found between infection with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi in any of the models, but we found a negative correlation between the prevalence of these species in the different villages (r = -0.91). Adults (> 15 years) presented association with S. stercoralis (Ma OR = 2.72; Mu OR = 2.84) and T. cruzi (Ma OR = 5.12; Mu OR = 5.48). Also, 12% and 2% of the variance of infection with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi, respectively, could be explained by differences among villages. On the other hand, anemia was associated with infection with S. stercoralis (Ma OR = 1.73; Mu OR = 1.78) and was more prevalent in adults (Ma OR = 2.59; Mu OR = 2.69).
CONCLUSION
We found that coinfection between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi is not more frequent than chance in endemic areas. However, the high prevalence for both parasites, raises the need for an integrated strategy for the control of STH and Chagas disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Argentina; Chagas Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emigrants and Immigrants; Endemic Diseases; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Trypanosoma cruzi; Young Adult
PubMed: 35120117
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010179 -
Acta Tropica Jun 2018Strongyloidiasis is an important helminthiasis affecting million people worldwide. The aim of this study was to use sodium metaperiodate (MP) treatment to... (Review)
Review
Strongyloidiasis is an important helminthiasis affecting million people worldwide. The aim of this study was to use sodium metaperiodate (MP) treatment to immunochemically characterize Strongyloides venezuelensis filariform larvae and use MP-treated heterologous antigen to detect IgG and subclasses in serum. Samples from individuals with definitive diagnosis of strongyloidiasis (n = 50), other parasitic diseases (n = 60) and negative endemic (n = 50) were tested. TG-ROC and two-way ANOVA were applied. MP-treatment resulted on differential localization of carbohydrates at larval structure and no carbohydrate content in saline extract (SE). Electrophoretic profiles were similar before and after treatment. ELISA sensitivity and specificity were: 90%; 88.2% for SE and 92.0%; 94.6% for MP, respectively. When using MP treated antigen we observed reduction in IgG1 and IgG3 detection in strongyloidiasis group and decrease of cross reactions in control groups. Our data demonstrate the role of carbohydrate residues in cross reactions and on the recognition of anti-Strongyloides IgG and its subclasses.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Glycosylation; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Larva; Periodic Acid; Strongyloides; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 29454735
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.001 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Oct 2013
Topics: Animals; Humans; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 24248166
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182013000500008 -
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 2018Co-infections of HIV and other pathogens constitute an important clinical and epidemiological problem. Many studies have played attention to opportunistic co-infections... (Review)
Review
Selected aspects of helminth infections Schistosoma sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis in individuals diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Co-infections of HIV and other pathogens constitute an important clinical and epidemiological problem. Many studies have played attention to opportunistic co-infections due to the fact that they are used as an indicator for development of AIDS and are present on the all continents. However, in HIV-infected patients helminth infections, which are not aetiologic agents of opportunistic infections, are becoming more and more important. Prevalence of helminth infection depends on parasite species, environmental and socio-economic factors, therefore the results of published research mainly refer to populations of patients in developing countries and endemic regions. In many cases, pathogenetic mechanisms of these co-infections are not fully recognized, and the obtained results are ambiguous. Thus we performed literature review concerning the course and implications of co-infections with three selected helminth species, of different tissue/organ tropism (Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma sp.), in patients with HIV infection.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Coinfection; HIV Infections; Helminthiasis; Humans; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 30394059
DOI: 10.32394/pe.72.3.11 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Aug 2016Maintenance of genome integrity is essential. However, programmed DNA elimination removes specific DNA sequences from the genome during development. DNA elimination... (Review)
Review
Maintenance of genome integrity is essential. However, programmed DNA elimination removes specific DNA sequences from the genome during development. DNA elimination occurs in unicellular ciliates and diverse metazoa ranging from nematodes to vertebrates. Two distinct groups of nematodes use DNA elimination to silence germline-expressed genes in the soma (ascarids) or for sex determination (Strongyloides spp.). Data suggest that DNA elimination likely evolved independently in these nematodes. Recent studies indicate that differential CENP-A deposition within chromosomes defines which sequences are retained and lost during Ascaris DNA elimination. Additional studies are needed to determine the distribution, functions, and mechanisms of DNA elimination in nematodes.
Topics: Animals; Ascaris; Base Sequence; Centromere Protein A; DNA, Protozoan; Female; Gene Silencing; Male; Sequence Deletion; Sex Determination Processes; Strongyloides
PubMed: 27315434
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.012 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Apr 2022Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that causes strongyloidiasis in humans. It is prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics where poor sanitation is a common problem....
Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and associated clinical symptoms among schoolchildren living in different altitudes of Amhara National Regional State, northwest Ethiopia.
BACKGROUND
Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that causes strongyloidiasis in humans. It is prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics where poor sanitation is a common problem. The true prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia is underestimated due to the lack of a "Gold" standard diagnostic method. Moreover, its prevalence across altitudinal gradient in Amhara Region has not been studied.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 844 schoolchildren in Amhara Region from April to December 2019. A stool sample was collected from each study participant and processed using formol ether concentration technique (FECT), spontaneous tube sedimentation technique (STST), Baermann concentration technique (BCT), agar plate culture (APC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were entered using EpiData and analyzed by SPSS version 23 statistical software. Prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was determined using a single diagnostic technique and combination of techniques. Association of clinical variables with S. stercoralis infection was assessed by logistic regression and independent variables with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and S. mansoni infections was 38.0% and 20.4%, respectively. Among STHs, the prevalence of hookworm infection was 32.8%. Prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was 39.0%, 28.8%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 4.0% and 2.0% by the respective, combinations of the five methods, RT-PCR, APC, BCT, STST and FECT. The highest prevalence rates, 48.2%, 45.0% and 41.1% of S. stercoralis were recorded in the age group of 12-14 years, males and rural dwellers, respectively. Prevalence rates of S. stercoralis infection in highland, semi-highland and lowland areas were 40.4%, 41.8% and 25.9%, respectively. Having abdominal pain (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI:1.65-3.72), cough (AOR = 1.63;95%CI:1.09-2.42), urticaria (AOR = 2.49;95%CI:1.50-4.01) and being malnourished (AOR = 1.44;95%:1.10-2.01) were significantly associated with strongyloidiasis.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was high and varied across different altitudes in Amhara Region. Some clinical syndromes were found to be significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection. Therefore, proper diagnosis and preventive strategies against S. stercoralis infection are highly recommended to be devised and implemented in Amhara Region.
Topics: Adolescent; Altitude; Animals; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Feces; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 35482629
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010299 -
PloS One 2022Several studies have demonstrated that helminth infections provide a degree of protection against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between...
Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical parameters.
BACKGROUND
Several studies have demonstrated that helminth infections provide a degree of protection against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between Strongyloides stercoralis infection and T2DM has scarcely been investigated and the protective effect of infection against development of diabetic complications is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between S. stercoralis infection and T2DM in a rural area of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. The impact of S. stercoralis infection on diabetic complication-related kidney function biochemical parameters and body-mass index (BMI) was also assessed.
METHODOLOGY
Using a cross-sectional study design, S. stercoralis infection and T2DM assessments were conducted between October 2020 and May 2021. Associations between S. stercoralis infection, T2DM, and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Diabetic complication-related biochemical parameters relating largely to kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), serum creatinine, uric acid, alanine transaminase (ALT), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) and BMI of participants with and without T2DM were compared between groups with or without S. stercoralis infection.
RESULTS
One hundred and seven out of 704 individuals (15.20%) were positive for S. stercoralis, and 283 people were diagnosed with T2DM. Of those with T2DM, 11.31% (32/283) were infected with S. stercoralis and of those without T2DM, 17.82% (75/421) were infected with S. stercoralis. Multivariate analysis revealed that T2DM was inversely correlated with S. stercoralis infection (Adjusted OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.78; p = 0.003), while male, increasing age, lower education level, and alcohol intake were positively associated with infection. Those infected with S. stercoralis had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels than those in the uninfected group.
CONCLUSION
This finding indicates that S. stercoralis infection was inversely associated with T2DM in northeastern Thailand, but participants infected with S. stercoralis had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels. Infection with S. stercoralis might lead to worse complication-related renal biochemical parameters.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kidney; Male; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Thailand
PubMed: 35639713
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269080