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Tropical Medicine & International... Mar 2023Strongyloidiasis is a nematode infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Previous studies have addressed the possibility of the parasite to establish a complex... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
Strongyloidiasis is a nematode infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Previous studies have addressed the possibility of the parasite to establish a complex relationship with the host that could affect the risk of developing diabetes mellitus or modify its presentation. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of strongyloidiasis in diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases.
METHODS
Case-control observational retrospective study that included 95 S. stercoralis-infected patients and 83 non-infected individuals. Epidemiological and clinical variables were retrieved from medical records, and a statistical analysis was carried out to explore any association between strongyloidiasis and diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases.
RESULTS
Most of the patients were men (99, 55.60%) with a mean age of 42.53 ± SD 14 years. Twelve (6.70%) patients were diabetic; 30 (16.90%) presented arterial hypertension; 28 (15.70%) had dyslipidaemia; and 10 (5.60%) had thyroid pathology. When comparing patients with strongyloidiasis and uninfected patients, no differences were found regarding diabetes mellitus or other metabolic diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained in the present study do not confirm any type of association between strongyloidiasis and diabetes mellitus or other metabolic diseases.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Female; Humans; Male; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Retrospective Studies; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 36651761
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13853 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Jun 2017A 59-year-old lady presented with a 1-week history of orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, night sweats and a productive cough. She had no recent history of...
A 59-year-old lady presented with a 1-week history of orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, night sweats and a productive cough. She had no recent history of travel. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed preserved left ventricular systolic function with abnormal pericardial thickening and restrictive left ventricular filling consistent with pericardial constriction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a globally thickened pericardium and showed evidence of pericardial inflammation and constrictive physiology. She did not respond to diuresis, pulsed intravenous steroids or broad spectrum antibiotics and multiple investigations were negative, including autoimmune screen and tuberculosis cultures. Eventually a serum sample was found to be positive for and it emerged that this lady had travelled to Egypt 8 years previously, where it is thought that she contracted leading to her developing constrictive pericarditis. This case report summarises the presentation and progression of this case and rare diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 28572226
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-248 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jul 2022Widespread use of corticosteroids for COVID-19 treatment has led to Strongyloides reactivation and severe disease in patients from endemic areas. We describe a US...
Widespread use of corticosteroids for COVID-19 treatment has led to Strongyloides reactivation and severe disease in patients from endemic areas. We describe a US patient with COVID-19 and Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and review other reported cases. Our findings highlight the need for Strongyloides screening and treatment in high-risk populations.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Humans; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Syndrome; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35731220
DOI: 10.3201/eid2807.220198 -
Parasitology Research Jan 2019Strongyloides stercoralis is a worldwide-distributed intestinal nematode affecting mainly humans and dogs. Canine strongyloidosis is generally characterised by...
Strongyloides stercoralis is a worldwide-distributed intestinal nematode affecting mainly humans and dogs. Canine strongyloidosis is generally characterised by diarrhoea, malabsorption and bronchopneumonia, and may be fatal in cases of impaired immunity. In recent years, molecular and epidemiological studies suggested that host-adapted populations of S. stercoralis with different zoonotic potential may exist. Clinical and subclinical cases of S. stercoralis infection have been increasingly diagnosed in imported (France, Belgium, Bulgaria) and locally born dogs in Switzerland, showing that this parasite is currently circulating in Europe. Three of these clinical cases will be described here. All three dogs presented severe disease, characterised by harsh diarrhoea, dehydration, vomiting, respiratory and/or neurologic signs, and needed intensive care and hospitalisation. One of these dogs was related to a Swiss breeding kennel, in which the infection was subsequently diagnosed in several other dogs. Faeces were analysed by three coproscopical methods including (i) the Baermann technique, which consistently identified the typical S. stercoralis first-stage larvae in both clinical and subclinical infections, (ii) the sedimentation-zinc chloride flotation and (iii) sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin concentration (SAFC) methods, which allowed the additional identification of parasitic females and/or eggs in two of the clinical cases. Interestingly, S. stercoralis isolated from all three independent clinical cases exhibited an identical genetic background on the nuclear 18S rDNA (fragment involving hypervariable regions I and IV) and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) loci, similar to that of zoonotic isolates from other geographical regions, and not to that of dog-adapted variants. Due to the clinical relevance and zoonotic potential of this parasite, the awareness of both diagnosticians and clinicians is strongly required.
Topics: Animals; Belgium; Bulgaria; DNA, Ribosomal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Europe; Feces; Female; France; Humans; Larva; Male; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Switzerland; Travel
PubMed: 30552576
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6173-3 -
Nature Communications Oct 2023Nematodes are important parasites of people and animals, and in natural ecosystems they are a major ecological force. Strongyloides ratti is a common parasitic nematode...
Nematodes are important parasites of people and animals, and in natural ecosystems they are a major ecological force. Strongyloides ratti is a common parasitic nematode of wild rats and we have investigated its population genetics using single-worm, whole-genome sequencing. We find that S. ratti populations in the UK consist of mixtures of mainly asexual lineages that are widely dispersed across a host population. These parasite lineages are likely very old and may have originated in Asia from where rats originated. Genes that underly the parasitic phase of the parasite's life cycle are hyperdiverse compared with the rest of the genome, and this may allow the parasites to maximise their fitness in a diverse host population. These patterns of parasitic nematode population genetics have not been found before and may also apply to Strongyloides spp. that infect people, which will affect how we should approach their control.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Strongyloides ratti; Ecosystem; Life Cycle Stages; Genetics, Population; Asia
PubMed: 37833369
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42250-1 -
Parasite (Paris, France) 2023Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause fatal complications due to hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised...
Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause fatal complications due to hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients. We used two Strongyloides stercoralis recombinant antigenic proteins, L3NieAg.01 (NIE) and IgG-immunoreactive antigen (SsIR), to develop the recombinant antigen-based immunochromatography test (ICT) kit. We constructed and compared kits using either the NIE (NIE ICT kit) or the SsIR (SsIR ICT kit) antigens and a kit using a mixture of both (NIE-SsIR ICT kit) for detection of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibody in human serum samples. Serum samples from normal healthy individuals (Group I, n = 40), proven strongyloidiasis patients (Group II, n = 100), and those with other parasitic infections (Group III, n = 154) were evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity were 81.0% and 84.0% for the NIE ICT kit, 89.0% and 83.5% for the SsIR ICT kit, and 95.0% and 90.2% for the NIE-SsIR ICT kit, respectively. The NIE-SsIR ICT kit provided the best diagnostic results; it can supplement stool examination for clinical diagnosis and can be used to screen for asymptomatic S. stercoralis infection in people at risk in endemic areas. The NIE-SsIR ICT kit can also be used in large-scale sero-epidemiological investigations in endemic areas without the need for additional facilities or ancillary supplies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Strongyloidiasis; Strongyloides stercoralis; Point-of-Care Systems; Antibodies, Helminth; Sensitivity and Specificity; Chromatography, Affinity
PubMed: 38099622
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023063 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2016Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis frequently occur in immunocompromised persons and can lead to high complication and mortality... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis frequently occur in immunocompromised persons and can lead to high complication and mortality rates. Thus, detection of Strongyloides stercolaris in those patients is crucial. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of strongyloidiasis and compare the detection rates of different strongyloidiasis detection methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 135 adults with various immunocompromising conditions (corticosteroid usage, chemotherapy, hematologic malignancies, organ transplants, use of immunosuppressive agents, and symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection) in Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. All patients were asked to undergo serology testing for Strongyloides IgG by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 3 days of stool collection for use in a simple smear along with formalin-ether concentration and agar plate techniques. Prevalence rates of strongyloidiasis were 5% by stool concentration technique, 5.4% by IgG-ELISA, and 6.7% by agar plate culture. Three of the eight strongyloidiasis cases in this study had hyperinfection syndrome. The tested risk factors of age, sex, occupation, and immunocompromising condition were not associated with Strongyloides infestation. Serology was only 42.9% sensitive (positive predictive value), but it was 96.3% specific (negative predictive value). In conclusion, prevalence rates of strongyloidiasis in this study were 5-7%. Although agar plate culture was the most sensitive technique, the other diagnostic methods might be alternatively used.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Cross-Sectional Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feces; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Thailand
PubMed: 27296387
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0068 -
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Sep 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37334510
DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.064 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Nov 2009Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that can persist in the human host for decades after the initial infection and can progress to fulminant... (Review)
Review
Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that can persist in the human host for decades after the initial infection and can progress to fulminant hyperinfection syndrome in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a patient who died of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome 2 months after orthotopic heart transplantation and discuss approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Current practice guidelines recommend screening for and treatment of Strongyloides infection before transplantation, but physicians in the United States often miss opportunities to identify patients with chronic strongyloidiasis. Screening tests have limitations, and clinical suspicion remains an important component of the evaluation before transplantation. After immunocompromised patients develop hyperinfection syndrome, diagnosis is often delayed and mortality is high, so emphasis must be placed on screening and treatment before transplantation. We review current strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic intestinal strongyloidiasis in patients who will undergo transplantation and discuss the clinical features and management of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome in transplant recipients.
Topics: Animals; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Middle Aged; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 19807271
DOI: 10.1086/630201 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2022
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Gastritis; Humans; Leprosy; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 36134864
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0189-2022