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Cells Feb 2022Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It... (Review)
Review
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast Cells; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Skin Neoplasms; Subcutaneous Tissue
PubMed: 35203268
DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618 -
Dermatology Online Journal Dec 2005Eumycetoma is a localized, chronic fungal infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is characterized by tumefaction, abscess formation, draining sinuses, and...
Eumycetoma is a localized, chronic fungal infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is characterized by tumefaction, abscess formation, draining sinuses, and sclerotia (grains) within the abscesses and fistulae. Treatment of eumycetoma is a challenge. Relapse rates are high even when a combination of surgical and medical approaches is utilized. Here we report a case of eumycetoma due to Exophiala jeanselmei arising on the foot of a man from Trinidad, West Indies.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Dermatomycoses; Exophiala; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Skin; Subcutaneous Tissue
PubMed: 16403382
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2023Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed degloving injury caused by traumatic sheering of subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia. MLL can be classified as acute... (Review)
Review
Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed degloving injury caused by traumatic sheering of subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia. MLL can be classified as acute (less-than 3 months) or chronic (greater-than 3 months or if a capsule has formed). Acute lesions are treated with compression, percutaneous aspiration, sclerodesis, suction-curettage or open surgery depending on vitality of the overlying skin, if fractures are present next to the lesion or if infection has occurred. Chronic lesions are treated with sclerodesis, suction-curettage or open surgery. Drain and vacuum-assisted closure placement should be used post-operatively, as argued in this review.
Topics: Humans; Fractures, Bone; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Skin; Subcutaneous Tissue; Suction
PubMed: 37615228
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Diabetes Science and... Mar 2020Insulin infusion pump, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and insulin infusion set (IIS) have been developed to be increasingly feasible for people with type 1...
Insulin infusion pump, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and insulin infusion set (IIS) have been developed to be increasingly feasible for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several recently approved CGMs are transitioning from 7-day to 10-day wear time without the need for fingerprick recalibration. Nevertheless, studies and improvements on IIS, a critical part of insulin pump therapy, have been limited. In particular, the recommended wear time of IIS is still 2-3 days, which can hardly match the current duration of CGM for potential closed-loop system development. It is generally believed that both the inserted catheter and the subsequent infused insulin drug could induce particular subcutaneous tissue response and skin-related complications at the infusion site. In certain cases, poor glycaemic control, increased risk of hypoglycemia, and serious cosmetic impact on people with diabetes were observed. Skin complication has also been attributed as an important factor resulting users to discontinue insulin pump therapy. This article provides the rare systematic review of IIS induced subcutaneous tissue responses and skin complications, including the impacts from the inserted catheters, the subcutaneous infused insulin, and the adhesive or tape used to immobilize the catheter. The FDA's recommendation for the frequency of IIS change was further discussed. Future studies on this topic are required to further understand the IIS-related problems, and future strategies could be developed accordingly to significantly reduce the incidence of these problems, extend the wear time, and increase the acceptance of insulin pump based therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Catheters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Foreign-Body Reaction; Humans; Infusions, Subcutaneous; Injection Site Reaction; Insulin Infusion Systems; Subcutaneous Tissue
PubMed: 30931603
DOI: 10.1177/1932296819837972 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical... (Review)
Review
Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical mobilization of a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that resides beneath the skin, termed subcutaneous fascia or superficial fascia, into sites of injury. Fascial mobilization assembles diverse cell types and matrix components needed for rapid wound repair. These observations suggest that the factors directly affecting fascial mobility are responsible for chronic skin wounds and excessive skin scarring. In this review, we discuss the link between the fascia's unique tissue anatomy, composition, biomechanical, and rheologic properties to its ability to mobilize its tissue assemblage. Fascia is thus at the forefront of tissue pathology and a better understanding of how it is mobilized may crystallize our view of wound healing alterations during aging, diabetes, and fibrous disease and create novel therapeutic strategies for wound repair.
Topics: Animals; Cicatrix; Fascia; Humans; Mice; Skin; Subcutaneous Tissue; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34445709
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169006 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2020To report a rare case of inverse Kipplel-Trenaunay.
OBJECTIVE
To report a rare case of inverse Kipplel-Trenaunay.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 16-year-old girl with a grayish-depressed plaque on her left thigh. Angioresonance showed a vascular malformation affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
COMMENTS
Inverse Klippel-Trenaunay is a Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome variation in which there are capillary and venous malformations associated to hypotrophy or shortening of the affected limb. Modifications on the limb's length or width result from alterations in bones, muscles, or subcutaneous tissues. It has few described cases. Further clinical and molecular studies must be performed for a proper understanding.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Skin Abnormalities; Subcutaneous Tissue; Vascular Malformations
PubMed: 33331597
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020091 -
Journal of Diabetes Apr 2022This study profiles ceramides extracted from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of human subjects by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine a...
BACKGROUND
This study profiles ceramides extracted from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of human subjects by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine a correlation with status of diabetes and gender.
METHODS
Samples of visceral and abdominal wall subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 36 and n = 31, respectively) were taken during laparoscopic surgery from 36 patients (14 nondiabetic, 22 diabetic and prediabetic) undergoing bariatric surgery with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m with ≥1 existing comorbidity or BMI ≥40 kg/m . Sphingolipids were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
After logarithm 2 conversion, paired analysis of visceral to subcutaneous tissue showed differential accumulation of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in visceral tissue of prediabetic/diabetic female subjects, but not in males. Within-tissue analysis showed higher mean levels of ceramide species linked to insulin resistance, such as Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/16:0), in visceral tissue of prediabetic/diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects and higher content of Cer(d18:1/14:0) in subcutaneous tissue of insulin-resistant female patients compared with prediabetic/diabetic males. Statistically significant differences in mean levels of ceramide species between insulin-resistant African American and insulin-resistant Caucasian patients were not evident in visceral or subcutaneous tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of ceramides is important for developing a better understanding of biological processes underlying type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Knowledge of the accumulated ceramides/dihydroceramides may reflect on the prelipolytic state that leads the lipotoxic phase of insulin resistance and may shed light on the predisposition to insulin resistance by gender.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Ceramides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulins; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Prediabetic State; Subcutaneous Tissue
PubMed: 35470585
DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13262 -
BMC Nephrology Jul 2020Vascular calcification (VC) is well described in large- and medium-sized vessels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in those with end-stage kidney... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Vascular calcification (VC) is well described in large- and medium-sized vessels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in those with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on dialysis. Medial calcification is particularly prevalent in this population and contributes to arterial stiffness and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Apart from in the setting of calciphylaxis, few studies have assessed skin and subcutaneous calcification and associations with abnormalities of bone and mineral metabolism in patients with CKD.
METHODS
We performed a single-centre observational study to evaluate incisional skin tissue samples from three anatomical sites in patients with different stages of CKD undergoing elective surgery. We compared these samples to skin samples of a control cohort without CKD. Staining for calcification was performed with von Kossa method. A subgroup of skin samples were assessed by RT-PCR for upregulation of pro-calcific gene transcripts for tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2).
RESULTS
Forty-five patients were evaluated, 34 with CKD (including ESKD) and 11 control patients. VC was identified in 15 skin samples (13 CKD/ESKD and 2 controls). VC was present in the dermal and subcutaneous tissues of the neck, abdomen and arm samples. Two different histological types of VC were identified: speckled medial calcification and internal elastic lamina calcification. Presence of perieccrine calcification was identified in 14 samples, 10 with concurrent VC. There were no significant differences in serum parathyroid hormone, phosphate or calcium in patients with or without VC. Expression of TNAP or RUNX2 was not increased in samples from patients with ESKD or those with histological evidence of calcification.
CONCLUSION
This study reports the novel finding of dermal and subcutaneous calcification in multiple anatomical locations in 38% of patients with advanced CKD/ESKD undergoing elective surgery but free from calciphylaxis.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arm; Case-Control Studies; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Skin; Subcutaneous Tissue; Vascular Calcification
PubMed: 32677907
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01928-0 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Feb 2021To examine the relationship between superficial lesions (such as bruises, hematomas, deep abrasions, and soft tissue emphysema) and internal post-traumatic injuries,...
PURPOSE
To examine the relationship between superficial lesions (such as bruises, hematomas, deep abrasions, and soft tissue emphysema) and internal post-traumatic injuries, assessed using whole-body computed tomography (WBCT), and to determine if these are valid markers for internal injuries.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
250 patients who underwent WBCT emergency scans for suspected polytrauma were retrospectively analyzed after institutional review board approval of the study. The scans were carried out on patients who met the criteria for standard operating procedures for WBCT emergency scans. WBCT covering the entire head, neck, chest, and abdomen (including pelvis and proximal lower extremities) and at least one phase with intravenous contrast agent were included in the study. Initial analyses of immediate WBCT scans was carried out by a consultant radiologist and a radiological resident. The first reading focused on internal damage that needed immediate therapy. The second reading focused on a detailed analysis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and their relation to internal injuries without the time pressure of an emergency setting, carried out by another experienced radiologist. All skin lesions and the degree of penetration and a comparison between the two readings were reported in tables.
RESULTS
Superficial lesion of the chest was detected in 19 patients, 17 of them had an internal injury of the thorax while only two patients, with hematoma of the chest wall, had no internal injuries. Skin and subcutaneous lesions of the chest had the strongest association with an internal injury. Skin lesions of the abdominal wall were observed in 30 patients. In only 11 cases, these lesions were correlated with internal injuries, such as fractures or active bleeding. 52 skin and subgaleal lesions of the scalp were observed. In 20 of these patients, an intracranial or internal injury was detected. In 3 patients, skin abrasions of the neck were present and in only one of them, this finding was associated with an internal injury.
CONCLUSION
Trauma patients whose history and clinical presentation meet the standard operating procedures for WBCT emergency scans and who present with a cutaneous lesion, especially at the neurocranium or chest wall, should be observed for internal injuries by WBCT.
KEY POINTS
· Presence or lack of a superficial injury of the abdominal wall is not a reliable predictive indication of any internal abdominal injury.. · Superficial lesions of the chest and the neurocranium require a CT scan.. · Superficial injuries of the chest wall had the strongest association with internal injuries..
CITATION FORMAT
· Klempka A, Fischer C, Kauczor H et al. Correlation Between Traumatic Skin and Subcutaneous Injuries and the Severity of Trauma. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 177 - 185.
Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Aged; Awareness; Contrast Media; Craniocerebral Trauma; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Trauma; Radiologists; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Subcutaneous Tissue; Thoracic Injuries; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Whole Body Imaging
PubMed: 33242897
DOI: 10.1055/a-1207-0797 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2023Foxp3 is a transcription factor responsible for the formation of T regulatory lymphocytes. Foxp3 expression can be associated with either neoplastic progression or...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Foxp3 is a transcription factor responsible for the formation of T regulatory lymphocytes. Foxp3 expression can be associated with either neoplastic progression or regression. The aim of the study was to evaluate Foxp3 expression in soft tissue tumours (fibromas and fibrosarcomas) of skin and subcutaneous tissue in dogs and to describe its relationship with tumour malignancy grade.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted on 71 skin and subcutaneous tumours including 31 fibromas and 40 fibrosarcomas. The samples underwent histological and immunohistochemical evaluation using anti-Foxp3, anti-Ki, and vimentin antibodies.
RESULTS
Cytoplasmic expression of Foxp3 protein in the cutaneous and subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in dogs was confirmed. Moreover, a positive relationship between the expression of Foxp3 and tumour malignancy grade and between Foxp3 and Ki-67 expression was noted.
CONCLUSION
A positive correlation between the Foxp3 expression intensity and malignancy grade suggests a significant role of Foxp3 in the carcinogenesis of skin and subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in dogs. Increased expression of Foxp3 may have a positive effect on the progression of cancer.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Skin; Subcutaneous Tissue; Forkhead Transcription Factors
PubMed: 36881099
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13120