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Infection and Immunity Jul 2003Both cytotoxic and invasive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can damage corneal epithelial cells in vitro, but neither can infect healthy corneas in vivo. We tested the...
Both cytotoxic and invasive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can damage corneal epithelial cells in vitro, but neither can infect healthy corneas in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that whole human tear fluid can protect corneal epithelia against P. aeruginosa virulence mechanisms. Cultured corneal epithelial cells were inoculated with 10(6) CFU of one of 10 strains of P. aeruginosa (five cytotoxic, five invasive)/ml with or without reflex tear fluid collected from the conjunctival sacs of human volunteers. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observation of trypan blue staining and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release; invasion was quantified by using gentamicin survival assays. Tear fluid retarded growth of only 50% of the P. aeruginosa strains (three of five invasive strains, two of five cytotoxic strains) yet protected corneal cells against invasion by or cytotoxicity of 9 of 10 strains. The only strain resistant to the tear cytoprotective effects was susceptible to tear bacteriostatic activity. Dilution of tear fluid threefold significantly reduced cytoprotection, while bacteriostatic activity prevailed with dilutions beyond 100-fold. Sulfacetamide (1 mg/ml) with bacteriostatic activity matching that of tear fluid was less cytoprotective than tear fluid (80% protection with tear fluid, 48% with sulfacetamide). Video microscopy revealed bacterial chain formation in both tear fluid and sulfacetamide, but tear fluid also blocked bacterial swimming motility. After prolonged tear contact, bacteria regained normal growth rates, swimming motility, and cytotoxic activity, suggesting a breakdown of protective tear factors. Boiled tear fluid lost bacteriostatic activity and effects on bacterial motility but retained cytoprotective function. These results suggest that human tear fluid can protect corneal epithelial cells against P. aeruginosa virulence mechanisms in a manner not dependent upon bacteriostatic activity or effects on bacterial motility. Whether overlapping tear film components are involved in these defense functions is to be determined.
Topics: Animals; Cornea; Cytoprotection; Epithelial Cells; Hot Temperature; Humans; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rabbits; Sodium Chloride; Tears
PubMed: 12819071
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.7.3866-3874.2003 -
Metal-based Drugs 2000Reaction of sulfacetamide with arylsulfonyl isocyanates afforded a series of derivatives which were used as ligands (as conjugate bases) for the preparation of metal...
Reaction of sulfacetamide with arylsulfonyl isocyanates afforded a series of derivatives which were used as ligands (as conjugate bases) for the preparation of metal complexes containing Ag(I) and Zn(II). The newly synthesized complexes, unlike the free ligands, act as effective antifungal agents against Aspergillus and Candida spp., some of them showing activities comparable to ketoconazole, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.3 - 0.5 mug/mL. The mechanism of antifungal action of these complexes seems to be not connected with the inhibition of lanosterol-14-alpha-demethylase, since the levels of sterols assessed in the fungi cultures were equal in the absence or in the presence of the tested compounds. Probably the new complexes act as inhibitors of phosphomannose isomerase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of yeast cell walls.
PubMed: 18475922
DOI: 10.1155/MBD.2000.49 -
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) Sep 2023In recent years, our knowledge of leprosy in the past has substantially been enriched. Nonetheless, much still remains to be discovered, especially in regions and...
In recent years, our knowledge of leprosy in the past has substantially been enriched. Nonetheless, much still remains to be discovered, especially in regions and periods from where no written sources are available. To fill in some research gaps, we provide the comparative analysis of eight Avar-period leprosy cases from the Danube-Tisza Interfluve (Hungary). In every case, to reconstruct the biological consequences of leprosy, the detected bony changes were linked with palaeopathological and modern medical information. To reconstruct the social consequences of being affected by leprosy, conceptualisation of the examined individuals' treatment in death was conducted. In every case, the disease resulted in deformation and disfigurement of the involved anatomical areas (rhinomaxillary region, feet, and/or hands) with difficulties in conducting certain physical activities. These would have been disadvantageous for the examined individuals and limited or changed their possibilities to participate in social situations. The most severe cases would have required continuous support from others to survive. Our findings indicate that, despite their very visible disease and associated debility, the examined communities did not segregate leprosy sufferers but provided and cared for them, and maintained a strong enough social network that made their survival possible even after becoming incapable of self-sufficiency.
Topics: Humans; Hungary; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Evidence Gaps; Leprosy; Sulfacetamide
PubMed: 37684080
DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102393 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1942
PubMed: 20784262
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4248.687 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 1982
Clinical Trial
Topics: Berberine; Berberine Alkaloids; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Neomycin; Sulfacetamide; Trachoma
PubMed: 6754599
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) Sep 2007A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of some sulfonamide drugs has been developed. The method is based on the diazotization of...
A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of some sulfonamide drugs has been developed. The method is based on the diazotization of sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and their coupling with 8-hydroxyquinoline in alkaline media to yield red coloured products with absorption maxima at 500 nm. Beer's law is obeyed from 0.1-7.0 microg mL-1. The limits of quantification and limits of detection were 0.11-0.18 and 0.03-0.05 microg mL-1, respectively. Intraday precision (RSD 0.1-0.5%) and accuracy (recovery 97.3--100.8%) of the developed method were evaluated. No interference was observed from common adjuvants. The method has been successfully applied to the assay of sulpha drug in pharmaceutical formulations.
Topics: Azo Compounds; Color; Excipients; Molecular Structure; Oxyquinoline; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sulfonamides; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 17878112
DOI: 10.2478/v10007-007-0026-4 -
Cell Biology International Apr 2013The broad spectrum of the pharmacological effects of sulphonamide family of drugs motivated us to investigate the cellular mechanisms for anti-cancer effects of...
The broad spectrum of the pharmacological effects of sulphonamide family of drugs motivated us to investigate the cellular mechanisms for anti-cancer effects of sulphathiazole and sulphacetamide on T-47D breast cancer cells. Fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation assays were used to detect apoptosis. The distribution of the cells among different phases of the cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of several genes with important roles in some critical cellular pathways including apoptosis, mTOR/AKT pathway and autophagy were determined by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Sulphathiazole and sulphacetamide induced anti-proliferative effects on T-47D cells were independent of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The overexpression of critical genes involved in autophagy including ATG5, p53 and DRAM indicated that the main effect of the drug-induced anti-proliferative effects was through induction of autophagy. This process was induced in two different forms, including death inducing and cytoprotective autophagy. Sulphathiazole treatment was followed by higher expression of p53/DRAM and downregulation of Akt/mTOR pathway resulting in death autophagy. In contrast, sulphacetamide treatment lowered expression of p53/DRAM pathway in parallel with upregulation of Akt/mTOR pathway promoting cytoprotective autophagy. The results indicated that autophagy is the main mechanism mediating the anti-cancer effects of sulphathiazole and sulphacetamide on T-47D cells. Alignment of the p53 and DRAM expression along with activation level of Akt survival pathway therefore determines the type of autophagy that occurs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Caspase 3; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytoprotection; DNA Fragmentation; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Sulfacetamide; Sulfathiazole; Sulfathiazoles
PubMed: 23450781
DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10047 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Apr 19761 During the first 90 min following oral administration of sulphacetamide, there was a rapid decline in plasma drug concentration in control mice whereas a progressive...
1 During the first 90 min following oral administration of sulphacetamide, there was a rapid decline in plasma drug concentration in control mice whereas a progressive increase in sulphacetamide concentration was observed in leukaemic mice. 2 Similar changes in the kinetics of sulphacetamide distribution were observed in the liver, spleen and muscle. 3 While the concentration of sulphacetamide remained quite constant in the brain and fat tissue of control mice, a progressive increase in drug concentration was observed in the brain and fat tissue of leukaemic mice. 4 Some of these changes in the kinetics of sulphacetamide tissue distribution are compatible with delay in gastrointestinal absorption of the drug and its accumulation in the ascitic fluid.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Brain; Half-Life; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Leukemia L1210; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Spleen; Sulfacetamide
PubMed: 1260222
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07453.x -
Journal of Bacteriology Feb 1978Genetic mapping studies indicate that the relaxed-control mutants isolated on the basis of sensitivity to glucose starvation contain lesions in the relB locus. These...
Genetic mapping studies indicate that the relaxed-control mutants isolated on the basis of sensitivity to glucose starvation contain lesions in the relB locus. These mutants, which are sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors such as sulfacetamide, exhibit relaxed control of both RNA and phospholipid syntheses.
Topics: Chromosome Mapping; Escherichia coli; Glucose; Mutation; Phospholipids; RNA, Bacterial; Transduction, Genetic
PubMed: 342488
DOI: 10.1128/jb.133.2.1034-1037.1978 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Feb 2017
Topics: Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Kanamycin Resistance; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Confocal; Nocardia; Nocardia Infections; Ophthalmic Solutions; Sulfacetamide; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Young Adult
PubMed: 27572657
DOI: 10.1111/aos.13182