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Poultry Science Jun 2022Antibiotic residues contained in poultry eggs pose threat to human health. However, the classes and concentrations of antibiotics in poultry egg in southwestern China is...
Antibiotic residues contained in poultry eggs pose threat to human health. However, the classes and concentrations of antibiotics in poultry egg in southwestern China is unknown due to insufficient monitoring and research. A total of 513 egg samples were collected from supermarkets and farm markets in Kunming city in 2020 and the levels of 7 antibiotics were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.990 for all antibiotics tested. The limits of detection and limits of quantification in poultry eggs were 0.002 to 0.010 μg/g and 0.007 to 0.033 μg/g, respectively. The average recoveries of the 7 analytes from poultry egg samples were 80.00 to 128.01%, with relative standard deviations of less than 13.97%. A total of 93 (18.13%) samples tested positive for antibiotics, with the highest concentration being 2.48 μg/g. The concentration range of ofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfamethoxazole in poultry eggs was 0.01 to 0.37 μg/g, 0.06 to 0.48 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.29 μg/g, 0.03 to 0.16 μg/g, 0.06 to 1.00 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.37, and 0.07 to 2.48 μg/g, respectively. Sulfamonomethoxine was detected from hen eggs with the highest concentration level at 1.00 μg/g. Sulfamethoxazole was detected with the highest concentration level from both duck and quail eggs, at 1.87 and 2.48 μg/g, respectively. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in pheasant eggs was danofloxacin, which was 0.37 μg/g. Sulfamethoxypyridazine was identified in 30 samples with the highest positive rate of 5.85%, sulfadimethoxine was identified in 3 samples with the lowest positive rate of 0.58%. We observed that 7 targeted antibiotic residues in quail eggs and 3 targeted antibiotic residues in pheasant eggs. We also found that there were antibiotic residues in free-range hen eggs and the concentration was not low. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in free-range eggs was sulfamonomethoxine, which was 1.00 μg/g. These findings suggest that continual antibiotic residue monitoring of poultry eggs is essential in China.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Residues; Eggs; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Food Contamination; Ovum; Poultry; Solid Phase Extraction; Sulfadimethoxine; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Sulfamonomethoxine; Sulfonamides; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35523046
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101892 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2017Infectious morbidities contribute to considerable maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, including women at no apparent increased risk of infection. To reduce... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Infectious morbidities contribute to considerable maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, including women at no apparent increased risk of infection. To reduce the incidence of infections, antibiotics are often administered to women after uncomplicated childbirth, particularly in settings where women are at higher risk of puerperal infectious morbidities.
OBJECTIVES
To assess whether routine administration of prophylactic antibiotics to women after normal (uncomplicated) vaginal birth, compared with placebo or no antibiotic prophylaxis, reduces postpartum maternal infectious morbidities and improves outcomes.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 August 2017), LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (22 August 2017) and reference lists of retrieved studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We planned to include randomised or quasi-randomised trials evaluating the use of prophylactic antibiotics versus placebo or no antibiotic prophylaxis. Trials using a cluster-randomised design would have been eligible for inclusion, but we found none.In future updates of this review, we will include studies published in abstract form only, provided sufficient information is available to assess risks of bias. We will consider excluded abstracts for inclusion once the full publication is available, or the authors provide more information.Trials using a cross-over design are not eligible for inclusion in this review.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors conducted independent assessment of trials for inclusion and risks of bias. They independently extracted data and checked them for accuracy, resolving differences in assessments by discussion. They evaluated methodological quality using standard Cochrane criteria and the GRADE approach.We present the summaries as risk ratios (RRs) and mean difference (MDs) using fixed- or random-effect models. For one primary outcome we found considerable heterogeneity and interaction. We explored further using subgroup analysis to investigate the effects of the randomisation unit. All review authors discussed and interpreted the results.
MAIN RESULTS
One randomised controlled trial (RCT) and two quasi-RCTs contributed data on 1779 women who had uncomplicated vaginal births, comparing different antibiotic regimens with placebo or no treatment. The included trials took place in the 1960s (one trial) and 1990s (two trials). The trials were conducted in France, the USA and Brazil. Antibiotics administered included: oral sulphamethoxypyridazine or chloramphenicol for three to five days, and intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in a single dose one hour after birth. We rated most of the domains for risk of bias as high risk, with the exception of reporting bias and other potential bias.The quality of evidence ranged from low to very low, based on the GRADE quality assessment, given very serious design limitations of the included studies, few events and wide confidence intervals (CIs) of effect estimates.We found a decrease in the risk of endometritis (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.83, two trials, 1364 women,very low quality). However, one trial reported zero events for this outcome and we rate the evidence as very low quality. There was little or no difference between groups for the risk of urinary tract infection (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.19, two trials, 1706 women,low quality), wound infection after episiotomy (reported as wound dehiscence in the included trials) (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.96, two trials, 1364 women, very low quality) and length of maternal hospital stay in days (MD -0.15, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.01, one trial, 1291 women, very low quality). Cost of care in US dollar equivalent was 2½ times higher in the control group compared to the group receiving antibiotics prophylaxis (USD 3600: USD 9000, one trial, 1291 women). There were few or no differences between treated and control groups for adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) reported in one woman in each of the two trials (RR 3.03, 95% CI 0.32 to 28.95, two trials, 1706 women, very low quality). The incidence of severe maternal infectious morbidity, antimicrobial resistance or women's satisfaction with care were not addressed by any of the included studies.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Routine administration of antibiotics may reduce the risk of endometritis after uncomplicated vaginal birth. The small number and nature of the trials limit the interpretation of the evidence for application in practice, particularly in settings where women may be at higher risk of developing endometritis. The use of antibiotics did not reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections, wound infection or the length of maternal hospital stay. Antibiotics are not a substitute for infection prevention and control measures around the time of childbirth and the postpartum period. The decision to routinely administer prophylactic antibiotics after normal vaginal births needs to be balanced by patient features, childbirth setting and provider experience, including considerations of the contribution of indiscriminate use of antibiotics to raising antimicrobial resistance. Well-designed and high-powered randomised controlled trials would help to evaluate the added value of routine antibiotic administration as a measure to prevent maternal infections after normal vaginal delivery.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Chloramphenicol; Clavulanic Acid; Delivery, Obstetric; Endometritis; Episiotomy; Female; Humans; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Surgical Wound Infection; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 29190037
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012137.pub2 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2019Two new complexes of Ru(II) with mixed ligands were prepared: [Ru(bpy)smp](PF) () and [Ru(phen)smp](PF) (), in which smp = sulfamethoxypyridazine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine;...
Two new complexes of Ru(II) with mixed ligands were prepared: [Ru(bpy)smp](PF) () and [Ru(phen)smp](PF) (), in which smp = sulfamethoxypyridazine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. The complexes have been characterized by elemental and conductivity analyses; infrared, NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopies; and X-ray diffraction of single crystal. Structural analyses reveal a distorted octahedral geometry around Ru(II) that is bound to two bpy (in ) or two phen (in ) via their two heterocyclic nitrogens and to two nitrogen atoms from sulfamethoxypyridazine-one of the methoxypyridazine ring and the sulfonamidic nitrogen, which is deprotonated. Both complexes inhibit the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. The interaction of the complexes with bovine serum albumin and DNA is described. DNA footprinting using an oligonucleotide as substrate showed the complexes' preference for thymine base rich sites. It is worth notifying that the complexes interact with the Src homology SH3 domain of the Abl tyrosine kinase protein. Abl protein is involved in signal transduction and implicated in the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of the interaction of complex with the Abl-SH3 domain showed that the most affected residues were T79, G97, W99, and Y115.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Circular Dichroism; Humans; K562 Cells; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl; Ruthenium; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; X-Ray Diffraction; src Homology Domains
PubMed: 31181667
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112154 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal May 1959
PubMed: 20325936
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Research Nov 2022In this research, the adsorption/desorption of the antibiotics doxycycline (DC), enrofloxacin (ENR), and sulfamethoxypyradazine (SMP) was studied in 6 agricultural soils...
In this research, the adsorption/desorption of the antibiotics doxycycline (DC), enrofloxacin (ENR), and sulfamethoxypyradazine (SMP) was studied in 6 agricultural soils with predominance of variable charge, both before and after removing organic matter by calcination. DC adsorption was high at acidic pH, and decreased at pH values above 8. Removal of organic matter with calcination caused just a slight decrease in adsorption, and even in some soils adsorption was similar to that in non-calcined samples. The adsorption coefficients (K) were higher for the DC species compared to DC, DC and DC. Regarding DC desorption, the values were very low throughout the pH range covered in the study (2-12), both in the calcined samples and in those not subjected to calcination. ENR showed a similar behavior to DC regarding the effect of pH, since ENR adsorption also decreased at basic pH, but the effect of removing organic matter was different, as it caused a clear decrease in ENR adsorption. The species with the highest K was in this case ENR, although ENR is also quantitatively important as regards K value in calcined samples. For this antibiotic, no differences in desorption were observed between calcined and non-calcined samples. Finally, SMP adsorption also decreased as pH increased, and, in addition, similarly to what happened with ENR, in general, there was a strong decrease in SMP adsorption when organic matter was removed. The species with the highest K in this case was SMP in non-calcined samples, but SMP and SMP become more relevant in calcined samples. The percentages of SMP desorption were higher than those for the other two antibiotics, and an increase occurs at intermediate pH values, being higher for calcined samples. These results can be considered relevant in terms of increasing the knowledge as regards the possible evolution and fate of the three antibiotics studied. Specifically, for different pH conditions and with different organic matter contents, when they reach soils and other environmental compartments after being discharged as contaminants. This could have important repercussions on public health and the overall environment.
Topics: Adsorption; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Doxycycline; Enrofloxacin; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Sulfamethoxypyridazine
PubMed: 35995223
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114071 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1977Following treatment of sheep with different sulfonamides, residues in kidney, liver, and muscle have been determined by microbiological and chemical methods. By the...
Following treatment of sheep with different sulfonamides, residues in kidney, liver, and muscle have been determined by microbiological and chemical methods. By the microbiological method residues could be detected in kidney until the third day after the combined treatment with sulfadimidine/sulfanilamide. Using the chemical method, residues of about 3.80 p.p.m. could be found that day in kidney, while the concentrations in liver and muscle were about 1.90 and 1.20 p.p.m., respectively. On the eighth day after the last treatment traces of the medicine could be found in kidney, liver and muscle by using the chemical method. Residues of sulfamethoxypyridazine could be detected micro-biologically in kidney the second day after the last administration of the drug. The concentration at that time in kidney, liver and muscle determined by chemical analyses was about 4.66, 2.45 and 1.23 p.p.m., respectively. Traces of sulfamethoxypyridazine in kidney, liver and muscle could also be detected on the eighth day after the last medication. Considering altered metabolic rates of sick animals and variations in excretion rates between individuals of the same species, as well as variation in size of the doses applied, a 10 day withdrawal period for sulfonamides is proposed.
Topics: Animals; Kidney; Liver; Methods; Muscles; Sheep; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Sulfanilamides; Time Factors
PubMed: 848402
DOI: 10.1186/BF03548461 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018Halophytes are associated with the intertidal forest ecosystem of Saudi Arabia and seemingly have an immense potential for yielding useful and important natural...
Halophytes are associated with the intertidal forest ecosystem of Saudi Arabia and seemingly have an immense potential for yielding useful and important natural products. In this study we have aimed to isolate and characterize the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial communities from the halophyte, , In addition these bacterial strains were identified and selected strains were further studied for bioactive secondary metabolites. At least 168 rhizspheric and endophytic bacteria were isolated and of these 22 were active antagonists against the oomycetous fungal plant pathogens, and . Active cultures were mainly identified with molecular techniques (16S r DNA) and this revealed 95.7-100% sequence similarities with relevant type strains. These microorgansims were grouped into four major classes: , β, and γ. Production of fungal cell wall lytic enzymes was detected mostly in members of and . PCR screening for type I polyketide synthases (PKS-I), type II polyketide synthases (PKS-II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) revealed 13 of the 22 strains (59%) were positive for at least one of these important biosynthetic genes that are known to be involved in the synthesis of important antibiotics. Four bacterial strains of with potential antagonistic activity including two rhizobacteria, EA52 ( sp.), EA58 ( sp.) and endophytic bacteria . (EA65) and sp. (EA67) were selected for secondary metabolite analyses using LC-MS. As a result, the presence of different bioactive compounds in the culture extracts was detected some of which are already reported for their diverse biological activities including antibiotics such as Sulfamethoxypyridazine, Sulfamerazine, and Dimetridazole. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into antagonistic bacterial population especially the from , producing antifungal metabolites of medical significance and characterized taxonomically in future.
PubMed: 29445362
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00065 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023A new type of magnetic nanomaterial with FeO as the core and organic polymer as the shell was synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization. This material not only...
A new type of magnetic nanomaterial with FeO as the core and organic polymer as the shell was synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization. This material not only overcomes the problem of insufficient mechanical strength of the organic polymer, it also solves the problem that FeO is prone to oxidation and agglomeration. In order to make the particle size of FeO meet the requirement of the seed, the solvothermal method was used to prepare FeO. The effects of the reaction time, amount of solvent, pH value, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the particle size of FeO were investigated. In addition, in order to accelerate the reaction rate, the feasibility of preparing FeO by microwave was studied. The results showed that under the optimum conditions, the particle size of FeO could reach 400 nm and had good magnetic properties. After three stages of oleic acid coating, seed emulsion polymerization, and C18 modification, the obtained C18-functionalized magnetic nanomaterials were used for the preparation of the chromatographic column. Under optimal conditions, stepwise elution significantly shortened the elution time of sulfamethyldiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfamethoxazole while still achieving a baseline separation.
PubMed: 36986005
DOI: 10.3390/nano13061111 -
Chemosphere Oct 2021BiOI, BiOCl, and their composites (BiOI:BiOCl) with molar ratios from 95:5 to 5:95 were synthesized and tested in the transformation of methyl orange (MO) and...
Investigation of the efficiency of BiOI/BiOCl composite photocatalysts using UV, cool and warm white LED light sources - Photon efficiency, toxicity, reusability, matrix effect, and energy consumption.
BiOI, BiOCl, and their composites (BiOI:BiOCl) with molar ratios from 95:5 to 5:95 were synthesized and tested in the transformation of methyl orange (MO) and sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) antibiotic, using three various LED light sources: UV LEDs (398 nm), cool and warm white LEDs (400-700 nm). The 80:20 BiOI:BiOCl photocatalyst showed the best adsorption capacity for MO and enhanced activity compared to BiOI and BiOCl. The apparent quantum yield (Φ) of the MO and SMP transformation for cool and warm white light was slightly lower than for 398 nm UV radiation. The effect of methanol and 1,4-benzoquinone proved that the transformation is initiated mainly via direct charge transfer, resulting in the demethylation of MO and SO extrusion from SMP. The change of photocatalytic efficiency was followed during three cycles. After the first one, the transformation rates decreased, but there was no significant difference between the second and third cycles. The decreased efficiency is most probably caused by the intermediates, whose continuous accumulation was observed during the cycles. Ecotoxicity measurements confirmed that no toxic substances were leached from the catalyst, but the transformation of both MO and SMP results in toxic intermediates. Using 80:20 BiOI:BiOCl and LED light source, the energy requirement of the removal is about half of the value determined using TiO and a mercury vapor lamp. The effect of some components of wastewater (Cl, HCO and humic acids), pH, and two matrices on the composite photocatalysts' efficiency and stability were also investigated.
Topics: Adsorption; Bismuth; Catalysis; Light; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33975237
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130636 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1972
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Liver; Sulfamethizole; Sulfamethoxypyridazine
PubMed: 5017317
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5806.168