-
JAMA Jul 2022This study surveyed patients admitted to the emergency department or surgical units at a single hospital to compare an emoji-based pain scale with a conventional numeric... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study surveyed patients admitted to the emergency department or surgical units at a single hospital to compare an emoji-based pain scale with a conventional numeric rating scale.
Topics: Art; Correspondence as Topic; Humans; Pain; Pain Measurement; Symbolism; Visual Analog Scale
PubMed: 35819433
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.7489 -
Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Metaphor; Medicine
PubMed: 36264533
DOI: 10.1007/s11019-022-10117-9 -
AMA Journal of Ethics Jan 2020Multiple pieces of reclaimed pallet wood are sculpted into a lateral cerebrum and a gradient of burned wood visually represents a crisis among health care professionals.
Multiple pieces of reclaimed pallet wood are sculpted into a lateral cerebrum and a gradient of burned wood visually represents a crisis among health care professionals.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Health Personnel; Humans; Medicine in the Arts; Metaphor
PubMed: 31958393
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2020.61 -
Topics in Cognitive Science Jul 2018To explain how abstract concepts are grounded in sensory-motor experiences, several theories have been proposed. I will discuss two of these proposals, Conceptual... (Review)
Review
To explain how abstract concepts are grounded in sensory-motor experiences, several theories have been proposed. I will discuss two of these proposals, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Situated Cognition, and argue why they do not fully explain grounding. A central idea in Conceptual Metaphor Theory is that image schemas ground abstract concepts in concrete experiences. Image schemas might themselves be abstractions, however, and therefore do not solve the grounding problem. Moreover, image schemas are too simple to explain the full richness of abstract concepts. Situated cognition might provide such richness. Research in our laboratory, however, has shown that even for concrete concepts, sensory-motor grounding is task dependent. Therefore, it is questionable whether abstract concepts can be significantly grounded in sensory-motor processing.
Topics: Concept Formation; Humans; Metaphor; Psychological Theory
PubMed: 29214726
DOI: 10.1111/tops.12311 -
Family Medicine May 2018
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Communication; Female; Humans; Male; Metaphor; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 29762803
DOI: 10.22454/FamMed.2018.311118 -
Cognitive Science May 2021Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary correspondence between sound and meaning. The majority of studies on sound symbolism have focused on consonants and vowels, and the...
Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary correspondence between sound and meaning. The majority of studies on sound symbolism have focused on consonants and vowels, and the sound-symbolic properties of suprasegmentals, particularly phonation types, have been largely neglected. This study examines the size and shape symbolism of four phonation types: modal and creaky voices, falsetto, and whisper. Japanese speakers heard 12 novel words (e.g., /íbi/, /ápa/) pronounced with the four types of phonation and rated the size and roundedness/pointedness each of the 48 stimuli seemed to represent on seven-point scales. The results showed that phonation types as well as consonantal and vocalic features influenced the ratings. Creaky voice was associated with larger and more pointed images than modal voice, which was in turn associated with larger and more pointed images than whisper. Falsetto was also associated with roundedness but not with smallness. These results shed new light on the acoustic approaches to sound symbolism and suggest the significance of phonation types and other suprasegmental features in the phenomenon.
Topics: Hearing; Humans; Language; Phonation; Sound; Symbolism
PubMed: 34018216
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12982 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Sep 2014Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary relationship between speech sounds and meaning. We review evidence that, contrary to the traditional view in linguistics, sound... (Review)
Review
Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary relationship between speech sounds and meaning. We review evidence that, contrary to the traditional view in linguistics, sound symbolism is an important design feature of language, which affects online processing of language, and most importantly, language acquisition. We propose the sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis, claiming that (i) pre-verbal infants are sensitive to sound symbolism, due to a biologically endowed ability to map and integrate multi-modal input, (ii) sound symbolism helps infants gain referential insight for speech sounds, (iii) sound symbolism helps infants and toddlers associate speech sounds with their referents to establish a lexical representation and (iv) sound symbolism helps toddlers learn words by allowing them to focus on referents embedded in a complex scene, alleviating Quine's problem. We further explore the possibility that sound symbolism is deeply related to language evolution, drawing the parallel between historical development of language across generations and ontogenetic development within individuals. Finally, we suggest that sound symbolism bootstrapping is a part of a more general phenomenon of bootstrapping by means of iconic representations, drawing on similarities and close behavioural links between sound symbolism and speech-accompanying iconic gesture.
Topics: Association Learning; Child; Child, Preschool; Cultural Evolution; Humans; Infant; Language Development; Models, Psychological; Nonverbal Communication; Sound; Speech Perception; Symbolism
PubMed: 25092666
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0298 -
The New Phytologist May 2020Throughout the Northern Hemisphere, human societies, political systems, and religions have appropriated oaks in symbolic representations. In this review, we explore the... (Review)
Review
Throughout the Northern Hemisphere, human societies, political systems, and religions have appropriated oaks in symbolic representations. In this review, we explore the possible associations between recent genetic and genomic findings and the symbolic representations of oaks. We first consider the ways in which evolutionary history during the Holocene has tightened links between humans and oaks in Europe, and how this may have led to symbolic representations. We then show how recent findings concerning the structure and evolution of the oak genome have provided additional knowledge about symbolic representations, such as longevity, cohesiveness, and robustness.
Topics: Europe; Genomics; Quercus; Symbolism
PubMed: 31183874
DOI: 10.1111/nph.15987 -
Genome Biology Jun 2020
Topics: Humans; Intention; Language; Metaphor; Science
PubMed: 32552854
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02057-5 -
The Canadian Journal of Nursing... Jun 2022
Topics: Metaphor
PubMed: 35238223
DOI: 10.1177/08445621221085555