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Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2013Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is heterogeneous in both people and cats, with variability in the distribution of hypertrophy, hemodynamic characteristics, and Doppler...
BACKGROUND
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is heterogeneous in both people and cats, with variability in the distribution of hypertrophy, hemodynamic characteristics, and Doppler echocardiographic findings.
OBJECTIVES
To document the Doppler echocardiographic characteristics of midventricular obstruction in some cats with HCM.
ANIMALS
Eight cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective case series. The medical records of cats presenting to the cardiology service at Colorado State University between February 2009 and January 2012 were reviewed. All cats had a physical examination; Doppler systolic blood pressure measurement; and transthoracic two-dimensional (2D), M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography were performed. A more thorough evaluation of the echocardiographic images and measurements was performed. Cats included in this study had echocardiograms of adequate quality to confirm the diagnosis of midventricular obstruction by documentation of left midventricular concentric hypertrophy; a midventricular turbulent Doppler color flow pattern; and high velocity, late-peaking flow at the area of turbulence. Cats with evidence of systemic hypertension defined as a systolic Doppler blood pressure of greater than 170 mmHg were excluded.
RESULTS
All 8 cats had left ventricular hypertrophy at the level of the papillary muscles; left, midventricular hypertrophy; and in 4/8 cats there was apical hypertrophy or basilar hypertrophy of the interventricular septum. Color flow Doppler revealed turbulent flow in 8/8 cats and spectral Doppler (continuous and pulsed wave) revealed increased flow velocities and late-peaking flow profiles at the level of the left midventricle. Two of 8 cats had a bifid midventricular flow profile in which there was a midsystolic decline in left ventricular velocities with elevated velocities extending into early diastole. The peak left ventricular outflow velocity in all 8 cats was normal.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
A variant of HCM characterized by hypertrophy at the level of the papillary muscles with midventricular obstruction is present in some cats. Recognition of this variant of feline HCM allows identification of HCM in cats with murmurs where the more classic features of HCM are not present.
Topics: Animals; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 24001306
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12175 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 1986Mitral valve prolapse, the most common inherited cardiovascular condition, has been associated with a variety of signs, symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Mitral valve prolapse, the most common inherited cardiovascular condition, has been associated with a variety of signs, symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities, but the true spectrum of the mitral prolapse syndrome remains in doubt because clinical findings often contribute to patient identification and their prevalence in patient groups may be overstated because of ascertainment bias. Accordingly, clinical findings in 88 patients with echocardiographic mitral prolapse were compared with those in 81 of their adult first degree relatives with mitral prolapse (a group free of ascertainment bias) and in two control groups without mitral prolapse: 172 first degree relatives and 60 spouses. Comparison of relatives with and without mitral prolapse demonstrated true associations between mitral prolapse and clicks or murmurs, or both (67 versus 9%, p less than 0.001), thoracic bony abnormalities (41 versus 16%, p less than 0.001), systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg (53 versus 31%, p less than 0.001), body weight 90% or less of ideal (31 versus 14%, p less than 0.005) and palpitation (40 versus 24%, p less than 0.01). In contrast, relatives with mitral prolapse showed no significant increase over normal relatives or spouses without mitral prolapse in prevalence of chest pain, dyspnea, panic attacks, high anxiety or repolarization abnormalities, but these features were all more common in women than in men (p less than 0.01 to less than 0.001). Thus, the true spectrum of the mitral prolapse syndrome encompasses a midsystolic click and late systolic murmur, thoracic bony abnormalities, low body weight and blood pressure and palpitation. Other suggested clinical features, including nonanginal chest pain, dyspnea, panic attacks and electrocardiographic abnormalities, have appeared to be associated with mitral valve prolapse because of ascertainment bias and an erroneous classification of differences between men and women as being due to mitral valve prolapse.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Prolapse; Syndrome; Thorax
PubMed: 3760352
DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80415-6 -
Clinical Cardiology Feb 1996Systolic ejection murmurs of the left heart usually have their peak during early to mid-systole. Few reports have addressed ejection murmurs with their peak at late...
Systolic ejection murmurs of the left heart usually have their peak during early to mid-systole. Few reports have addressed ejection murmurs with their peak at late systole. We evaluated the clinical significance of an apical systolic ejection murmur with a peak intensity during late systole using Doppler and two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and phonocardiography. The apical late systolic ejection murmur was observed in 9 of 13 consecutive patients with mid-left ventricular obstruction. We investigated the ejection flow velocity and the timing of maximum velocity at the three different sites of the left ventricle, the left ventricular cavity shape, and the timing of the peak murmur intensity in these nine patients (late-murmur group). The same parameters were also examined in 8 consecutive patients with mid-systolic ejection murmurs (mid-murmur group), 10 with early systolic ejection murmurs (early-murmur group), and 7 controls without murmurs. Patients with aortic stenosis were excluded. The mid-ventricular ejection flow velocity was significantly higher in the late-murmur group than in the other three groups; that of the outflow tract was markedly higher in the mid-murmur group. The ejection flow velocity at the aortic orifice of patients in the early-murmur group was significantly high compared with that of the controls. The timing of the peak murmur intensity in each group correlated with that of the peak flow signal at the corresponding site with maximum velocity. In all patients in the late-murmur group, 2-D echocardiography revealed a systolic narrowing of the cavity at the mid-ventricle. Amyl nitrite inhalation induced a marked increase in the intensity of the murmur without evidence of appearing or increasing mitral regurgitation. It was concluded that the apical ejection murmur with a late systolic peak intensity is a new phonocardiographic sign indicative of dynamic, mid-left ventricular obstruction. This murmur should be differentiated from the mitral regurgitant murmur.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Heart Murmurs; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phonocardiography; Systole
PubMed: 8821422
DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960190210 -
British Heart Journal Oct 1983Non-invasive continuous and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 102 consecutive patients with clinically ill defined systolic murmurs to differentiate...
Non-invasive continuous and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 102 consecutive patients with clinically ill defined systolic murmurs to differentiate between flow murmurs, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, and ventricular septal defect, as well as to assess the severity of aortic stenosis. Diagnoses with the Doppler method were based on velocity, direction, and duration of flow signals and were subsequently verified by cardiac catheterisation in all patients. Multiple evaluations were made in 31 patients. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 and 0.77 in mitral regurgitation, 0.9 and 1.0 in aortic stenosis, and 1.0 and 1.0 in ventricular septal defect. In 67 patients the estimation of severity of aortic stenosis using the Doppler technique to calculate aortic pressure gradients from maximum flow velocity was significantly correlated with that determined at catheterisation. It is concluded that Doppler ultrasonography is a highly useful technique for the non-invasive evaluation of clinically ill defined systolic murmurs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Mitral Valve Prolapse; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 6626396
DOI: 10.1136/hrt.50.4.337 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Apr 2015Case 1 involved a 4-month-old intact male Somali cat in which peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPS) was recognized after a cardiac murmur remained following patent...
Case 1 involved a 4-month-old intact male Somali cat in which peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPS) was recognized after a cardiac murmur remained following patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Case 2, which involved a 1-year-old neutered male Norwegian Forest cat, and Case 3, which involved a 6-month-old intact female American Curl cat, were referred, because of cardiac murmurs. Grades III to IV/VI systolic heart murmurs were auscultated at the left heart base in all 3 cats. All cases showed bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis, although there were no associated clinical signs. In Cases 1 and 2, the pressure gradient through the stenosis decreased after treatment with atenolol.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Constriction, Pathologic; Female; Male; Pulmonary Artery
PubMed: 25650057
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0388 -
Biomedical Engineering Online May 2007A new method and application is proposed to characterize intensity and pitch of human heart sounds and murmurs. Using recorded heart sounds from the library of one of...
A new method and application is proposed to characterize intensity and pitch of human heart sounds and murmurs. Using recorded heart sounds from the library of one of the authors, a visual map of heart sound energy was established. Both normal and abnormal heart sound recordings were studied. Representation is based on Wigner-Ville joint time-frequency transformations. The proposed methodology separates acoustic contributions of cardiac events simultaneously in pitch, time and energy. The resolution accuracy is superior to any other existing spectrogram method. The characteristic energy signature of the innocent heart murmur in a child with the S3 sound is presented. It allows clear detection of S1, S2 and S3 sounds, S2 split, systolic murmur, and intensity of these components. The original signal, heart sound power change with time, time-averaged frequency, energy density spectra and instantaneous variations of power and frequency/pitch with time, are presented. These data allow full quantitative characterization of heart sounds and murmurs. High accuracy in both time and pitch resolution is demonstrated. Resulting visual images have self-referencing quality, whereby individual features and their changes become immediately obvious.
Topics: Algorithms; Child; Computer Simulation; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Energy Transfer; Heart; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Models, Cardiovascular; Phonocardiography; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sound Spectrography
PubMed: 17480232
DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-6-16 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2017Nutritional intake is an important issue in adolescent athletes. Proper athletes' performance is a multifactorial outcome of good training, body composition, and...
BACKGROUND
Nutritional intake is an important issue in adolescent athletes. Proper athletes' performance is a multifactorial outcome of good training, body composition, and nutritional status. The aim of the present study was to assess nutritional status, body composition, and cardiometabolic factors in adolescent elite athlete's province of Isfahan, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 100 adolescent elite athletes from volleyball, basketball, and soccer teams were selected for the study. Demographic, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic parameters were assessed. Nutritional intakes of participants were recorded using three 24-h recall questioners.
RESULTS
Thirty-four female athletes and 66 male athletes participated in this study. Body mass index had not significantly different between the sexes. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron, and fat intakes were significantly higher in male athletes ( = 0.02), but calcium and folic acid intakes were not significantly different between the sexes, and Vitamin D intake was significantly higher in females ( = 0.01). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in males ( = 0.04) and heart rate had not significantly different between the sexes ( = 0.09). Heart murmurs and heart sounds in the majority of participants were normal.
CONCLUSION
All the evaluated anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters were in normal range in the majority of participants. The results showed that dietary intake in these athletes is approximately normal but micronutrients intake status in these athletes needs to be investigated further and longer.
PubMed: 28904935
DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.213667 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022This study was to investigate the value of echocardiographic data in assessing changes in cardiac function before and after transcatheter closure in children and adult...
This study was to investigate the value of echocardiographic data in assessing changes in cardiac function before and after transcatheter closure in children and adult patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In this study, 150 patients with isolated PDA treated by cardiac catheterization and transcatheter closure were selected as the study sample. Real-time color Doppler echocardiography was used both after and after operation. The results showed that the left ventricle returned to normal in 75 patients one day after operation, with an average age of 10.95 ± 3.27 years; the left ventricle did not return to normal in 10 patients 360 days after operation, with an average age of 64.31 ± 7.05 years. Left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) of patients decreased significantly one day after operation and remained at 51.95 ± 9.55 mL/m and 20.36 ± 8.11 mL/m, respectively. In summary, echocardiographic data have a high reference value in assessing cardiac function characteristics in children and adult patients with PDA and are worthy of further promotion.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Child; Computational Biology; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; Female; Heart Function Tests; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vascular Closure Devices; Ventricular Function, Left; Young Adult
PubMed: 35126616
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1310841 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1984From 17 634 children born in 1964 and screened in 1977 two sample groups were selected: 10% of children from the upper 5% of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure...
From 17 634 children born in 1964 and screened in 1977 two sample groups were selected: 10% of children from the upper 5% of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure distribution curves (95th percentile and above) were taken to form an "upper" group, and 10% from the remainder as a "lower" group. These children were re-examined in 1978. There was an 89% response rate (3640 children), with no difference in this rate between sexes or between the two groups. Data from the parents' responses to a questionnaire on themselves and the children were compared for differences between the two groups.The parents' ages, smoking habits and marital status, and the children's order of birth, number of siblings, and proportion of twins did not differ significantly between the upper and lower groups.The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among the children, and the prevalence of hypertension, stroke and diabetes in the medical history of the parents were significantly higher in the upper than in the lower group. Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and symptoms of a hyperkinetic heart syndrome (based on heart rate, innocent systolic murmurs, the magnitude of R and S waves on the ECG, and mean values of cardiothoracic and heart volume indices) occurred more frequently in the upper than in the lower group.Children in the upper group were sexually more developed, taller, more obese (higher Quetelet's index and skinfold thickness), and less active physically.Average values of blood sugar and serum uric acid were also higher in the upper than in the lower group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the proportion of smokers among the children or in mean cholesterol values.These differences between the upper and lower groups were strengthened by the comparison of children who showed repeatedly a low arterial pressure below the 30th percentile of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure distribution curves.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure Determination; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Parents; Regression Analysis; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 6609017
DOI: No ID Found -
Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics 2012Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is one of the commonest chronic hemolytic anaemias in the Sudan; it is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted...
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is one of the commonest chronic hemolytic anaemias in the Sudan; it is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted aiming to observe the clinical pattern of cardiac abnormalities in children with sickle cell anaemia, and to assess the relationship between the cardiac abnormalities and the severity of the disease. The study was conducted in sickle cell disease clinic at Khartoum Children Emergency Hospital. The study group consisted of 289 patients with sickle cell anaemia, age range from 6 months to 18 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire which include full history, clinical examination findings, chest x-rays, and Electro-cardiography. Tachycardia, systolic murmurs, and cardiomegaly were detected in 28%, 61%, and 54% of patients with SCA respectively. Left ventricular dilatation was observed in 51% of the study group, while right ventricular dilatation was observed in 22% of the patients. Left and right atrial dilatations were observed in 16% and 6% of the patients respectively. Contractility, ejection fraction (EF) were found almost always normal in all study subjects. Chamber dilatations were not associated with any abnormality in Left ventricular functions. Hemglobin (Hb) levels correlated negatively with cardiomegaly. Left Ventricular End Diastolic Dimension (LVEDD) correlates negatively with Hb levels and positively with the severity index. Only four patients (1%) had abnormal valves. In conclusion, cardiac abnormalities in patients with SCA correlate with the age of the patients and the severity of the disease.
PubMed: 27493331
DOI: No ID Found