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Infection and Immunity Feb 1982The antigens of the six serogroups of Legionella pneumophila were compared by two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis by using rabbit antisera to serogroups 1,...
The antigens of the six serogroups of Legionella pneumophila were compared by two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis by using rabbit antisera to serogroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. The close relationship among the serogroups was shown by the fact that 27 of the 31 antigens demonstrated so far were common. However, distinctive group-specific antigens with slow electrophoretic mobility were observed for serogroups 1, 2, 3, and 4. When intact serogroup 1 organisms were extracted with EDTA, the group-specific antigen was recovered in a virtually pure form. The group-specific antigen was pronase resistant, heat stable, and amphiphilic and had a surface location, all of which are properties suggestive of lipopolysaccharide. L. pneumophila shared four to five antigens with Tatlockia micdadei (Legionella micdadei). The large number of common antigens in the serogroups of L. pneumophila has important implications for the specific detection of antigens and antibodies by fluorescent and other tagged antibody methods.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Cross Reactions; Epitopes; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; Immunosorbent Techniques; Legionella; Serotyping
PubMed: 6173328
DOI: 10.1128/iai.35.2.721-729.1982 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 1985Sediment and indigenous microflora taken from water distribution systems has been shown to promote the survival of Legionella pneumophila. The effect of sediment and...
Sediment and indigenous microflora taken from water distribution systems has been shown to promote the survival of Legionella pneumophila. The effect of sediment and indigenous microflora on Tatlockia micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent, PPA) was evaluated by growth curve experiments. Symbiosis between PPA and environmental bacteria was demonstrated by satellitism experiments. Unlike L. pneumophila, the concentration of PPA remained stationary in test tube suspensions containing both microflora and sediment. The difference in the ecology between the two organisms may explain the infrequent environmental recovery of PPA and, ultimately, the epidemiologic differences between Legionnaires disease and Pittsburgh pneumonia.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Ecology; Humans; Legionella; Pneumonia; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 4015089
DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.6.1521-1522.1985 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 1989A total of 163 strains, including 106 strains of Legionella pneumophila, 28 strains of Tatlockia micdadei, and 29 strains of other legionellae (including members of the...
A total of 163 strains, including 106 strains of Legionella pneumophila, 28 strains of Tatlockia micdadei, and 29 strains of other legionellae (including members of the proposed genus Fluoribacter), were studied. Ten tests which together could distinguish the genera previously proposed were identified. These tests included catalase-peroxidase, gelatinase, hippurate hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, medium browning, acetoin production, oxidase, medium fluorescence, colony fluorescence, and the bromcresol purple spot test. T. micdadei strains were strongly catalase positive and bromcresol purple spot test positive and produced acetoin but otherwise were usually inert in the other tests. L. pneumophila and Fluoribacter species could usually be distinguished by strength of catalase activity, blue-white colony fluorescence (if present), and differences in frequency of hippurate hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, yellow-green medium fluorescence, and, to a lesser extent, oxidase activity. With a simple algorithm and computer program, the overall accuracy was 98.8%.
Topics: Algorithms; Catalase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Fluorescence; Gelatinases; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Hippurates; Hydrolysis; Legionella; Pepsin A; Phenotype; Software; Starch
PubMed: 2550514
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.9.1952-1955.1989 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 1984Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires disease, and related organisms have previously been characterized primarily by conventional bacteriological...
Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires disease, and related organisms have previously been characterized primarily by conventional bacteriological methods, DNA-DNA hybridization, antigenic analysis, and fatty acid analysis. By capillary gas chromatographic analysis for carbohydrates, we have shown that muramic acid and glucosamine, characteristic markers of bacterial cell walls, were present in samples of L. pneumophila and a group of legionella-like organisms. Some bacterial samples contained two unusual isomeric aminodideoxyhexoses (X1 and X2). L. pneumophila was characterized by the absence of fucose and the presence of the peak X1. Tatlockia micdadei (Legionella micdadei) was distinguishable by the presence of large amounts of rhamnose and fucose and by the absence of X1 and X2. Fluoribacter strains were much more variable in their carbohydrate composition. These data suggest that, in addition to other reported techniques, carbohydrate profiling by capillary gas chromatography can be a valuable diagnostic method in reference microbiology laboratories for differentiating members of the family Legionellaceae.
Topics: Carbohydrates; Chromatography, Gas; Legionella; Lipopolysaccharides; Muramic Acids
PubMed: 6715510
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.19.3.326-332.1984 -
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... Feb 2023
Topics: Genomics; Base Sequence; China
PubMed: 36861196
DOI: 10.3967/bes2023.020 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 1983The soluble peptides of strains of Legionella pneumophila, Tatlockia micdadei, Fluoribacter bozemanae, Fluoribacter dumoffii, and Fluoribacter gormanii were studied by...
The soluble peptides of strains of Legionella pneumophila, Tatlockia micdadei, Fluoribacter bozemanae, Fluoribacter dumoffii, and Fluoribacter gormanii were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Characteristic patterns were seen for Legionella and Tatlockia strains, whereas the patterns for the Fluoribacter strains were variable as would be expected for this genetically heterogeneous group. Grouping by peptide pattern was consistent with proposed taxons based on DNA-DNA homology. By using a new silver stain technique, the sensitivity and ease of pattern recognition were enhanced significantly. This technique is an easily applied general method for distinguishing between strains in epidemiological studies.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Legionella; Solubility
PubMed: 6874904
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.17.6.1132-1140.1983 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1981The addition of 0.001% bromocresol purple and 0.001% bromothymol blue to buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar allowed differentiation between members of the family...
The addition of 0.001% bromocresol purple and 0.001% bromothymol blue to buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar allowed differentiation between members of the family Legionellaceae. On this medium, Legionella pneumophila grew as relatively flat, pale green colonies, whereas Tatlockia micdadei (gen. nov., comb. nov., Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) produced blue-gray colonies. Fluoribacter spp. (gen. nov., atypical Legionella-like organisms) developed glistening colonies which were brighter green than those of L. pneumophila.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Bromcresol Purple; Bromthymol Blue; Charcoal; Culture Media; Legionella
PubMed: 7009642
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.13.2.380-382.1981 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1984A systematic study of pigment production (browning) and fluorescence (extracellular yellow-green and intracellular blue-white) by nine Legionellaceae species was...
A systematic study of pigment production (browning) and fluorescence (extracellular yellow-green and intracellular blue-white) by nine Legionellaceae species was performed. A total of 56 strains representing Tatlockia micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent), Legionella pneumophila, Legionella jordanis, Legionella longbeachae, Legionella oakridgensis, Legionella wadsworthii, Fluoribacter bozemanae, Fluoribacter gormanii, and Fluoribacter dumoffii could be separated on media supplemented with tyrosine plus cystine, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, and 3-aminotyrosine. Parallel testing by hippurate hydrolysis and the bromocresol purple spot test enabled the identification of Legionellaceae species 24 to 72 h after primary isolation. This schema may be a practical alternative to species-specific antisera methods (slide agglutination or direct immunofluorescence) in the identification of members of the family Legionellaceae.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobenzoates; Bacteria; Cystine; Fluorescence; Legionella; Pigments, Biological; Tyrosine
PubMed: 6547453
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.19.5.583-587.1984 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 1990Legionellae have been differentiated previously by analyzing their carbohydrate contents by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In the present study,...
Legionellae have been differentiated previously by analyzing their carbohydrate contents by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In the present study, total ion mode gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect a number of unusual sugars, including one that is structurally related to O-methyldideoxyheptoses. Increased sensitivity and selectivity for carbohydrate detection was achieved by selected ion-monitoring GC-MS. Two of the uncommon sugars previously discovered in the legionellae (X1 and X2) were identified as quinovosamine and fucosamine, respectively. Legionella pneumophila contained rhamnose and quinovosamine but not the quinovosamine isomer fucosamine. Tatlockia micdadei and Legionella maceachernii contained large amounts of rhamnose, fucose, and fucosamine but not quinovosamine. These two species were the only legionellae studied that contained another unusual sugar that is referred to as X3, pending determination of its structure. Fluoribacter dumoffi, Fluoribacter bozemanae, and Legionella anisa were varied in their carbohydrate contents, both within and between species, but could be distinguished from L. pneumophila and the T. micdadei and L. maceachernii group. Fluoribacter gormanii was unique among the legionellae in that it lacked both quinovosamine and fucosamine. Legionella jordanis contained other unusual carbohydrates in addition to quinovosamine. GC-MS may have wide application in the differentiation of bacterial species.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Carbohydrates; Fucose; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucosamine; Hexoses; Legionella
PubMed: 2324276
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.3.546-552.1990