-
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021This chapter describes the culture and propagation of murine embryonic stem cells, F9 and P19, and strategies for differentiation of these stem cells into neurons....
This chapter describes the culture and propagation of murine embryonic stem cells, F9 and P19, and strategies for differentiation of these stem cells into neurons. Additional techniques are described for obtaining enriched populations of mature neurons from P19 cells and differentiation of F9 cells into serotonergic or catecholaminergic neurons. The protocols described herein can be used for dissection of the pathways such as gliogenesis and neurogenesis that are involved in differentiation of pluripotent stem cells such as F9 and P19 into glial cells or terminally differentiated neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Mice; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Phenotype; Teratocarcinoma; Tretinoin
PubMed: 34033076
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1437-2_4 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 2020A 3-year-old Quarter Horse mare presented with an approximate 1-month history of progressive weight loss, anorexia and lethargy that abruptly worsened 48 h before...
A 3-year-old Quarter Horse mare presented with an approximate 1-month history of progressive weight loss, anorexia and lethargy that abruptly worsened 48 h before death. Post-mortem examination revealed free flocculent fluid and a large mass within the ventral abdomen that dorsally displaced the caecum and large intestine. An ovarian teratocarcinoma with metastasis to regional lymph nodes was diagnosed histologically. Although benign teratomas are the second most common ovarian neoplasm in equids, reports of malignant teratomas in horses are rare. This report documents an unusual presentation of a rarely reported malignant neoplasm of the reproductive tract in horses.
Topics: Animals; Fatal Outcome; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lymph Nodes; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratocarcinoma; Teratoma
PubMed: 33288154
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.10.002 -
Cells Nov 2019The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family factors induce pleiotropic effects and are involved in the regulation of most normal and pathological cellular... (Review)
Review
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family factors induce pleiotropic effects and are involved in the regulation of most normal and pathological cellular processes. The activity of different branches of the TGFβ family signaling pathways and their interplay with other signaling pathways govern the fine regulation of the self-renewal, differentiation onset and specialization of pluripotent stem cells in various cell derivatives. TGFβ family signaling pathways play a pivotal role in balancing basic cellular processes in pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives, although disturbances in their genome integrity induce the rearrangements of signaling pathways and lead to functional impairments and malignant transformation into cancer stem cells. Therefore, the identification of critical nodes and targets in the regulatory cascades of TGFβ family factors and other signaling pathways, and analysis of the rearrangements of the signal regulatory network during stem cell state transitions and interconversions, are key issues for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of both stem cell biology and cancer initiation and progression, as well as for clinical applications. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of TGFβ family functions in naїve and primed pluripotent stem cells and discusses how these pathways are involved in perturbations in the signaling network of malignant teratocarcinoma stem cells with impaired differentiation potential.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Self Renewal; Humans; Male; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Signal Transduction; Teratocarcinoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 31771212
DOI: 10.3390/cells8121500 -
Oncogene Sep 2004Pluripotent stem cells derived from preimplantation embryos, primordial germ cells or teratocarcinomas are currently unique in undergoing prolonged symmetrical... (Review)
Review
Pluripotent stem cells derived from preimplantation embryos, primordial germ cells or teratocarcinomas are currently unique in undergoing prolonged symmetrical self-renewal in culture. For mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, self-renewal is dependent on signals from the cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and from either serum or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In addition to the extrinsic regulation of gene expression, intrinsic transcriptional determinants are also required for maintenance of the undifferentiated state. These include Oct4, a member of the POU family of homeodomain proteins and a second recently identified homeodomain protein, Nanog. When overexpressed, Nanog allows ES cells to self-renew in the absence of the otherwise obligatory LIF and BMP signals. Although Nanog can act independent of the LIF signal, a contribution of both pathways provides maximal self-renewal efficiency. Nanog function also requires Oct4. Here, we review recent progress in ES cell self-renewal, relate this to the biology of teratocarcinomas and offer testable hypotheses to expose the mechanics of ES cell self-renewal.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Clone Cells; Cytokines; DNA-Binding Proteins; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; Growth Substances; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred Strains; Molecular Sequence Data; Nanog Homeobox Protein; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Receptors, Cytokine; Receptors, Growth Factor; Stem Cells; Teratocarcinoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 15378075
DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207930 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 2020A 7-month-old male domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented for evaluation of unilateral testicular enlargement. Microscopic examination of the left...
A 7-month-old male domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented for evaluation of unilateral testicular enlargement. Microscopic examination of the left testicle revealed a neoplasm with differentiation along multiple cell lines (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) including respiratory epithelium, bone and haired skin. A poorly differentiated epithelial component was dispersed throughout the neoplasm with invasion of testicular lymphatics. The animal developed progressive dysuria and was euthanized. At necropsy, metastasis of the poorly differentiated epithelial component was present in the urinary bladder, ureters, prostate gland, pelvic fat, abdominal and thoracic lymph nodes, kidney and lung. This is the first report of a malignant testicular teratoma with widespread metastasis in this species.
Topics: Animals; Fatal Outcome; Ferrets; Lymph Nodes; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Teratocarcinoma; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 33288153
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.09.017 -
Stem Cell Reviews 2005In this article, a brief review of the research that began with the study of murine teratomas of the testis and ultimately led to the culture of human embryonic stem... (Review)
Review
In this article, a brief review of the research that began with the study of murine teratomas of the testis and ultimately led to the culture of human embryonic stem cells is discussed. Most of the space will be devoted to the studies in which the author personally took part, and the discussion will also touch upon some of the crucial experiments important for the understanding of this entire research effort.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Cell Culture Techniques; Embryonic Stem Cells; Humans; Male; Mice; Teratocarcinoma; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 17142865
DOI: 10.1385/SCR:1:3:273 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dec 2020Cripto-1 also known as teratoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF-1) belongs to the EGF-CFC family of growth factor-like molecules. Cripto-1 is involved with embryonic...
PURPOSE
Cripto-1 also known as teratoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF-1) belongs to the EGF-CFC family of growth factor-like molecules. Cripto-1 is involved with embryonic development and not expressed in adult tissue, but some tumours are accompanied by reactivation.
METHODS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cripto-1 in most common odontogenic cysts and tumours. Thirty ameloblastomas, 30 keratocysts, 30 dentigerous cysts and two ameloblastic carcinomas were evaluated using the polymeric immunoperoxidase technique. Immunohistochemical expressions were analysed by the IRS (immunoreactive score). Statistical analyses were performed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p ≤ 0.05).
RESULTS
Age ranged from 9 to 75 years old, with a prevalence of females (n = 49/53.3%). The mandible was the most affected anatomical site (n = 69/75.0%). Cripto-1 immunoexpression was observed in all ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases, although nine dentigerous cyst cases (30%) were negative. Expression scores were higher in ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases (median ranging from 8 to 11) when compared with dentigerous cyst cases (median of 2), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Cripto-1 is critically important in the progression of several tumours since it is related to significant cell survival and differentiation pathways. The high expression of Cripto-1 in more aggressive odontogenic lesions suggests that this molecule may be involved in the activation of important pathways related to the etiopathogenesis of these lesions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ameloblastoma; Child; Dentigerous Cyst; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Teratocarcinoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 32623516
DOI: 10.1007/s10006-020-00877-0 -
Progress in Neurobiology Jul 2008This review article discusses recent progress on the use of teratocarcinoma-derived Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells (NT2N cells, also called hNT cells) as graft source for... (Review)
Review
This review article discusses recent progress on the use of teratocarcinoma-derived Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells (NT2N cells, also called hNT cells) as graft source for cell transplantation in stroke. Laboratory evidence has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of NT2N cells in stroke therapy. Phase I and II clinical trials have shown the cells' feasibility, safety and tolerability profiles in stroke patients. Despite these novel features of NT2N cells, the transplantation regimen remains to be optimized. Moreover, determining the mechanisms underlying the grafts' beneficial effects, specifically demonstrating functional synaptic connections between host brain and NT2N cell grafts, warrants further examination. The major limiting factor for initiating a large clinical trial is the cells' highly potent proliferative property due to their cancerous origin, thereby raising the concern that these cells may revert to a neoplastic state over time after transplantation. To this end, we explored a proof-of-concept "retroviral" strategy to further establish the post-mitotic status of NT2N cells by transfecting these cells with the transcription factor Nurr1, in addition to the standard treatment with retinoic acid and mitotic inhibitors. This new cell line NT2N.Nurr1 displays an expedited neuronal commitment and secretes a high level of the neurotrophic factor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and when transplanted into the rodent stroke brain expressed neuronal phenotype and reduced behavioral impairments which are comparable, if not more robust, than those produced by NT2N cells. Such highly potent neuronal lineage commitment and neurotrophic factor secretory function of NT2.Nurr1 cells make them an appealing graft source for transplantation therapy.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Transplantation; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; Humans; Neurons; Stroke; Teratocarcinoma
PubMed: 18514379
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.04.005 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2013This chapter describes the culture and propagation of murine embryonic stem cells, F9 and P19 and strategies for differentiation of these stem cells into neurons....
This chapter describes the culture and propagation of murine embryonic stem cells, F9 and P19 and strategies for differentiation of these stem cells into neurons. Protocols focus on maintenance and propagation of these cells and routine procedures employed for differentiation into neuronal cells. Additional protocols are also described for obtaining enriched populations of mature neurons from P19 cells and differentiation of F9 cells into serotonergic or catecholaminergic neurons.The protocols described herein can be employed for dissection of the pathways such as gliogenesis and neurogenesis that are involved in differentiation of pluripotent stem cells such as F9 and P19 into glial cells or terminally differentiated neurons.
Topics: Animals; Catecholamines; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cryopreservation; Mice; Neurons; Serotonergic Neurons; Teratocarcinoma
PubMed: 23975819
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_4 -
Neurosurgery Jun 1998Internal drainage of cerebrospinal fluid to the abdominal cavity via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a common procedure for therapy of obstructive hydrocephalus;... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
Internal drainage of cerebrospinal fluid to the abdominal cavity via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a common procedure for therapy of obstructive hydrocephalus; because this condition is often caused by brain tumors blocking the natural cerebrospinal fluid pathways, the VPS as an artificial anastomosis can provide the means for the spreading of tumor cells by the cerebrospinal fluid. We report the case of a VPS-related abdominal metastasis of a teratocarcinoma and review the pertaining literature.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION
A 24-year-old man with a history of three brain tumors that were operated on when the patient was 14, 21, and 23 years of age developed an acute ileus 7 months after VPS insertion for cerebral teratocarcinoma. Intraoperatively, a massive abdominal tumor was observed, which turned out to be a peritoneal metastasis of the aforesaid brain tumor. The patient died as a result of his illness 1 month later.
RESULTS
To date, 58 VPS-related metastases of brain tumors have been described. The male-to-female ratio is 1.6:1, the mean age at shunt insertion is 12.2 years, and the interval between shunt operation and diagnosis of metastases is 16.8 months. During the observation time, 69.2% of the patients died as a result of their illness or abdominal metastases. The most common sources of the metastases were germinomas (27.7%), medulloblastomas (19.1%), and endodermal sinus tumors (10.3%).
CONCLUSION
The presented case is only the second VPS-related abdominal spreading of a cerebral teratocarcinoma. Metastases via VPS are rare but should be considered as a possible complication and mode of systemic spread in patients with primary intracranial malignancy.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Neoplasms; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Teratocarcinoma; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
PubMed: 9632200
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199806000-00118