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Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2020Hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis. Based upon the etiology and the pathophysiology, it is divided into, the primary and secondary. The... (Review)
Review
Hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis. Based upon the etiology and the pathophysiology, it is divided into, the primary and secondary. The primary hydrocele includes the neonatal or the congenital, the communicating and the non-communicating or the closed or the adult type. The secondary hydrocele can develop in the substrate of a pre-existing disease. After systematic and thorough systematic and thorough research of the relevant literature, we aim at describing all the aspects of this entity, with specific emphasis on the issues that remain unanswered from the scientific community.
Topics: Humans; Ligation; Male; Recurrence; Testicular Hydrocele; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 32771069
DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.17 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2024Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MTVT) is a rare tumour and a cause of hydrocele. This case report concerns a 26-year-old male with hydrocele treated with...
Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MTVT) is a rare tumour and a cause of hydrocele. This case report concerns a 26-year-old male with hydrocele treated with left hydrocelectomy. Histopathology revealed MTVT, and left radical orchiectomy was performed followed by chemotherapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing showed no mesothelioma-associated tumour suppressor gene mutations, but deletion of CDKN2A and a rare TFG-ADGRG7 fusion both reported in pleural mesotheliomas, were detected. Clinicians should consider malignancy in case of discrepancy between symptoms and objective findings in scrotal conditions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Testis; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Testicular Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Testicular Hydrocele
PubMed: 38305267
DOI: 10.61409/V07230476 -
Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny Oct 2023Testicular and scrotal abnormalities can occur in children, adolescents, and adults. The lesions, often accompanied by pain and swelling/enlargement of the scrotum, can...
Testicular and scrotal abnormalities can occur in children, adolescents, and adults. The lesions, often accompanied by pain and swelling/enlargement of the scrotum, can cause anxiety in patients and their parents. Regardless of age, proper diagnosis is based on adequate anamnesis and physical examination. Color Doppler ultrasound is the first-line test in the differential process of testicular and scrotal diseases. Testicular and scrotal lesions require differentiation for benign and malignant processes as well as therapeutic management, including urgent surgical intervention. The aim of this paper is to present the most common causes of testicular and scrotal abnormalities in pediatric and adult patients and to outline the symptoms and diagnostic and therapeutic management.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Genital Diseases, Male; Scrotum; Spermatic Cord Torsion
PubMed: 38348982
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.9349 -
Andrology Sep 2021Scrotal ultrasonography is an essential diagnostic tool in daily clinical practice. The availability of new-generation ultrasound machines characterized by clearly... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Scrotal ultrasonography is an essential diagnostic tool in daily clinical practice. The availability of new-generation ultrasound machines characterized by clearly improved image quality, low health cost, and higher patient safety, represents only some characteristics of ultrasound investigation. The usefulness of scrotal ultrasonography is particularly evident in the period of life from infancy to puberty, during which males undergo important morphofunctional changes, and several pathological conditions may occur.
OBJECTIVES
This pictorial review primarily aimed to investigate the aspects of ultrasonography related to the normal physiological development of the gonads from mini-puberty to pubertal onset. This study also aimed to provide an update on the use of ultrasonography in main andrological pathologies that may occur during this period. The conditions that are discussed in depth are: cryptorchidism, inguinoscrotal hernias, and hydrocele in the neonatal phase; acute scrotum, epididymo-orchitis, and testicular cancers in childhood; and hypogonadism, varicoceles, testicular microlithiasis, and oncohematological pathology in puberty.
DISCUSSION
We provided an ultrasound slant for all the above-mentioned pathologies while purposely avoiding excessive deepening of the pathogenetic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects. Studying the ultrasound aspects of the gonads also facilitates differential diagnosis between various conditions and represents a good aid in evaluating therapeutic success (e.g., in hypogonadism or postsurgical evaluation of varicoceles and cryptorchidism).
CONCLUSION
Scrotal ultrasonography is now globally recognized as the necessary completion of clinical-laboratory overview in gonads evaluation. This diagnostic procedure is even more indispensable in the infancy-childhood-puberty period for the evaluation of normal gonadal development as well as diagnosis of other possible diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Medical Illustration; Puberty; Scrotum; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34048149
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13056 -
American Family Physician Jan 2022
Topics: Aneurysm; Genital Diseases, Male; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Examination; Scrotum; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Testicular Hydrocele; Testis; Varicocele
PubMed: 35029938
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2022The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of the testicular, epididymal, and vasal anomalies (TEVA) in cryptorchid and communicating hydrocele pediatric...
The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of the testicular, epididymal, and vasal anomalies (TEVA) in cryptorchid and communicating hydrocele pediatric patients. Six hundred and ninety-one prepubertal boys underwent inguinal exploration for 741 undescended (UDT) or hydrocele testes. Two hundred and fifty-five TEVA were detected in 154 UDT boys, compared to 32 defects in 24 hydrocele patients (p < 0.001). The TEVA were more frequent in bilateral UDT (p = 0.009). Multiple defects were observed more frequently in the intra-abdominal testicles (p = 0.028). A correlation was found between the testicular atrophy index (TAI) and the incidence and number of TEVA in the UDT boys (p < 0.001). The smaller the testis (higher TAI), the more the defects that appeared in it and the higher the frequency of their appearance. Another correlation was established between testis position and the incidence and number of TEVA (p < 0.001). The higher the testis position, the more the defects that appeared in it and the higher the frequency of their appearance. A correlation was established between the position and the volume of the affected testis (p < 0.001). The higher the gonad position, the more severe the atrophy observed in it. The TEVA were more frequent in the UDT boys than in the hydrocele patients. We revealed that the risk of abnormal fusion between the testis, epididymis, and vas deferens is connected with the testis position (intra-abdominal testes) and bilateral non-descent.
PubMed: 35683404
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113015 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... May 2021Testicular hemangioma is a rare benign testicular tumor. In this case we presented who an infant applied to our clinic with left scrotal swelling. The tests performed...
Testicular hemangioma is a rare benign testicular tumor. In this case we presented who an infant applied to our clinic with left scrotal swelling. The tests performed were found to be compatible with testicular hemangioma and accompanying hydrocele. We performed inguinal exploration due to hydrocele accompanying testicular hemangioma. Pathology of tissue was found to be compatible with testicular cavernous hemangioma. In our investigations, it was seen that it was the first infant cavernous hemangioma in the literature.
PubMed: 33848924
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105844 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Mar 2020Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in 72 countries of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. An estimated 25 million men live with the disabling effects of filarial...
BACKGROUND
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in 72 countries of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. An estimated 25 million men live with the disabling effects of filarial hydrocele. Hydrocele can be corrected with surgery with few complications. For most men, hydrocelectomy reduces or corrects filarial hydrocele and permits them to resume regular activities of daily living and gainful employment.
METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
This study measures the economic loss due to filarial hydrocele and the benefits of hydrocelectomy and is based on pre- and post-operative surveys of patients in southern Malawi. We find the average number of days of work lost due to filarial hydrocele and daily earnings for men in rural Malawi. We calculate average annual lost earnings and find the present discounted value for all years from the time of surgery to the end of working life. We estimate the total costs of surgery. We compare the benefit of the work capacity restored to the costs of surgery to determine the benefit-cost ratio. For men younger than 65 years old, the average annual earnings loss attributed to hydrocele is US$126. The average discounted present value of lifetime earnings loss for those men is US$1684. The average budgetary cost of the hydrocelectomy is US$68. The ratio of the benefit of surgery to its costs is US$1684/US$68 or 24.8. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the results are robust to variations in cost of surgery and length of working life.
CONCLUSION
The lifetime benefits of hydrocelectomy-to the man, his family, and his community-far exceed the costs of repairing the hydrocele. Scaling up subsidies to hydrocelectomy campaigns should be a priority for governments and international aid organizations to prevent and alleviate disability and lost earnings that aggravate poverty among the many millions of men with filarial hydrocele.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Humans; Malawi; Male; Middle Aged; Procedures and Techniques Utilization; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Surveys and Questionnaires; Testicular Hydrocele; Young Adult
PubMed: 32210436
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008003 -
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2019Testicular tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon presentation of extrapulmonary TB. Although rare in incidence, it is a great masquerader and should be kept in consideration... (Review)
Review
Testicular tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon presentation of extrapulmonary TB. Although rare in incidence, it is a great masquerader and should be kept in consideration while assessing focal abnormalities involving the testis. Ultrasound findings alone may be non-specific and mimic other diagnoses including infection, inflammation, tumor, infarct, and trauma. The main objective of this sonographic pictorial review is to discuss the imaging findings, specific differentiating features against each differential and use of ancillary imaging findings whenever available. Concurrent involvement of epididymis, septated hydrocele, scrotal wall edema, and calcification of tunica vaginalis provides strong evidence in an appropriate setting. Available extratesticular ancillary imaging findings must be correlated for correct diagnosis due to non-specific imaging and clinical presentation. Misdiagnosis of scrotal TB may lead to otherwise avoidable epididymo-orchiectomy.
PubMed: 31448178
DOI: 10.25259/JCIS-14-2019