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Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2020Hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis. Based upon the etiology and the pathophysiology, it is divided into, the primary and secondary. The... (Review)
Review
Hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis. Based upon the etiology and the pathophysiology, it is divided into, the primary and secondary. The primary hydrocele includes the neonatal or the congenital, the communicating and the non-communicating or the closed or the adult type. The secondary hydrocele can develop in the substrate of a pre-existing disease. After systematic and thorough systematic and thorough research of the relevant literature, we aim at describing all the aspects of this entity, with specific emphasis on the issues that remain unanswered from the scientific community.
Topics: Humans; Ligation; Male; Recurrence; Testicular Hydrocele; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 32771069
DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.17 -
Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica Oct 2015A 17-year-old man presented with right hydrocele because of an athletic injury. His scrotum was hit with a ball 2 months ago while playing baseball. He was diagnosed... (Review)
Review
A 17-year-old man presented with right hydrocele because of an athletic injury. His scrotum was hit with a ball 2 months ago while playing baseball. He was diagnosed with post-traumatic hydrocele and underwent needle puncture at another hospital 1 month after the trauma. However, the hydrocele did not improve. Therefore, he was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. For diagnosis of the traumatic hydrocele testis, a hydrocelectomy was scheduled. When we opened the tunica vaginalis, we realized that the tunica albuginea had been ruptured and the testicular parenchyma had gushed out. We tried to replace all the escaped testicular parenchyma into the tunica albuginea, but it was impossible. Therefore were moved some of the redundant testicular parenchyma, and replaced the remnants into the tunica albuginea. After the operation, right hydrocele and testicular atrophy did not occur. Traumatic testicular rupture complicated with hydrocele is rare.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Rupture, Spontaneous; Testicular Hydrocele
PubMed: 26563625
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Aug 2022Scrotal and testicular masses can be broadly categorized into painful conditions, which include testicular torsion, torsion of the testicular appendage, and...
Scrotal and testicular masses can be broadly categorized into painful conditions, which include testicular torsion, torsion of the testicular appendage, and epididymitis, and painless conditions, which include hydrocele, varicocele, and testicular cancer. Testicular torsion is a urologic emergency requiring prompt surgical intervention to save the testicle, ideally within six hours of presentation when the salvage rate is about 90%. The Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion score can be used to help physicians identify patients at high risk of torsion and those at lower risk who would benefit from imaging first. Torsion of the testicular appendage presents with gradual onset of superior unilateral pain, is diagnosed using ultrasonography, and is treated supportively with analgesics. Epididymitis is usually caused by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or enteric bacteria and is treated with antibiotics, analgesics, and scrotal support. Hydroceles are generally asymptomatic and are managed supportively. Varicoceles are also generally asymptomatic but may be associated with reduced fertility. It is uncertain if surgical or radiologic treatment of varicoceles in subfertile men improves the rate of live births. Testicular cancer often presents as a unilateral, painless mass discovered incidentally. Ultrasonography is used to evaluate any suspicious masses, and surgical treatment is recommended for suspected cancerous masses.
Topics: Epididymitis; Humans; Male; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Scrotum; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Testicular Hydrocele; Testicular Neoplasms; Varicocele
PubMed: 35977130
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Urology Oct 2016Treatment of neonatal testicular torsion has two objectives: salvage of the involved testicle (which is rarely achieved) and preservation of the contralateral gonad. The...
OBJECTIVE
Treatment of neonatal testicular torsion has two objectives: salvage of the involved testicle (which is rarely achieved) and preservation of the contralateral gonad. The second goal universally involves contralateral testicular scrotal fixation to prevent the future occurrence of contralateral torsion. However, there is controversy with regards to management of a synchronous contralateral hydrocele. It has been our policy not to address the contralateral hydrocele through an inguinal incision to minimize potential injury to the spermatic cord. Our objective in this study was to determine whether the decision to manage a contralateral hydrocele in cases of neonatal testicular torsion solely through a scrotal approach is safe and effective.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
We reviewed all cases of neonatal testicular torsion occurring at our institution between the years 1999 and 2006. Age at presentation, physical examination, ultrasonographic and intraoperative findings were recorded. Patients were followed after initial surgical intervention to determine the likelihood of developing a subsequent hydrocele or hernia.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven patients were identified as presenting with neonatal torsion. Age of presentation averaged 3.5 days (range 1-14 days). Left-sided pathology was seen more commonly than the right, with a 25:12 distribution. All torsed testicles were nonviable. Twenty-two patients were noted to have a contralateral hydrocele at presentation. All hydroceles were opened through a scrotal approach at the time of contralateral scrotal fixation. No patient underwent an inguinal exploration to examine for a patent process vaginalis. None of the patients who presented with a hydrocele have developed a clinical hydrocele or hernia after an average 7.5 years (range 4.3-11.2) follow-up.
CONCLUSION
We have demonstrated that approaching a contralateral hydrocele in cases of neonatal testicular torsion solely through a scrotal incision is safe and effective. Inguinal exploration was not performed in our study and our long-term results demonstrate that such an approach would have brought no additional benefit. In avoiding an inguinal approach we did not subject our patients to unnecessary risk of testicular or vasal injury. Contralateral hydrocele is commonly seen in cases of neonatal testicular torsion. In our experience this is a condition of minimal clinical significance and does not warrant formal inguinal exploration for treatment. This conservative management strategy minimizes the potential of contralateral spermatic cord injury in the neonate. The aims of the study were met.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Retrospective Studies; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Testicular Hydrocele; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
PubMed: 26708803
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.07.009 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Feb 2024Testicular tumors have many different manifestations. The majority of these cases are presented as an incidental finding during hydrocelectomy. Malignant mesotheliomas...
BACKGROUND
Testicular tumors have many different manifestations. The majority of these cases are presented as an incidental finding during hydrocelectomy. Malignant mesotheliomas are uncommon tumours that can arise from the coelomic epithelium of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a 51-year-old South Asian (Indian) male patient with a rare case of mesothelioma, presenting with right hydrocele, to whom a right hydrocelectomy was performed. Any history of trauma or asbestos exposure was not present. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry reports revealed a malignant mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis. There was no invasion of the tumour to the epididymis and spermatic cord. Imaging studies showed no signs of metastasis. 1 month later, a high inguinal orchidectomy was performed. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy thereafter and is still on follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Although hydrocele is common, detailed evaluation is mandatory to rule out certain rare tumours-testicular and paratesticular variants.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Mesothelioma; Testicular Hydrocele; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 38409016
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04348-y -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Jun 2002
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Erectile Dysfunction; Hernia; Humans; Male; Testicular Diseases; Testicular Hydrocele
PubMed: 12166174
DOI: No ID Found -
Anticancer Research May 2020Hydrocele testis is a common disease with a prevalence of 1% in adults. Although it can be diagnosed by physical examination, scrotal ultrasound represents a standard...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Hydrocele testis is a common disease with a prevalence of 1% in adults. Although it can be diagnosed by physical examination, scrotal ultrasound represents a standard diagnostic tool, to exclude underlying pathologies among them testicular or scrotal malignancies.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 156 patients aged between 20 and 60 years who underwent surgical hydrocelectomy between 2003 and 2018. Pre-surgical ultrasound, histological results, complications and patients' characteristics were analysed.
RESULTS
Malignancies were found in 0% of patients in the pre-surgical ultrasound. Interestingly, we found a higher incidence of hydrocele testis in patients with increasing age and 27% presented with symptoms other than painless enlargement of the scrotum. Among them recurrent pain was the most common. Surgical complications occurred in only 3.2%.
CONCLUSION
Testicular cancer is an important differential diagnosis of hydrocele testis. However, in our study no case of incidental testicular cancer or scrotal malignancy was found in the pre-surgical ultrasound.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Preoperative Period; Scrotum; Testicular Hydrocele; Testicular Neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 32366435
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14261 -
The British Journal of Surgery Aug 1975The number of cases of abdominoscrotal hydrocele reported in the leterature has been brought up to date, which, including the 3 cases reported here, is 83 of which 21...
The number of cases of abdominoscrotal hydrocele reported in the leterature has been brought up to date, which, including the 3 cases reported here, is 83 of which 21 are from India. The pathogenesis of this lesion is discussed. It is concluded that all cases of abdominoscrotal hydrocele are due to progressive involvement and distension of the patent processus vaginalis which is cut off from the general peritoneal cavity. A new classification of abdominoscrotal hydrocele is suggested on the basis of experience gained from the 3 cases reported here.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Humans; India; Male; Scrotum; Testicular Hydrocele
PubMed: 1174803
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800620811 -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Sep 2016Abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH) is an uncommon condition characterized by a fluid-filled mass with inguinoscrotal and abdominal components. Controversy exists regarding... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH) is an uncommon condition characterized by a fluid-filled mass with inguinoscrotal and abdominal components. Controversy exists regarding the best management. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with special interest in presentation, management and outcomes.
METHODS
A search was conducted of the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in each study.
RESULTS
We found 18 case series that met selection criteria, describing 116 patients with 146 hydroceles. Unilateral ASH was found in 59% of cases with almost even distribution between left and right-sided hydroceles. Ipsilateral undescended testicle, testicular dysmorphism, and contralateral pathology (inguinal hernia) often accompanied ASH. Management was always surgical. The most common approaches were inguinal (67.2%), combined laparoscopic + inguinal (11.2%), and scrotal (10.3%). Complications were poorly reported, but were generally minor. There were a decreased number of complications with the scrotal approach because of avoidance of a difficult inguinal dissection.
CONCLUSIONS
ASH is a rare entity treated most commonly via an inguinal approach. However, consideration should be given to combining with an extraperitoneal or laparoscopic approach given coexisting pathology, or to the scrotal approach for reducing morbidity.
Topics: Abdomen; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Postoperative Complications; Scrotum; Testicular Hydrocele; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27421822
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.06.012 -
The Practitioner Nov 1971
Topics: Age Factors; Humans; Inhalation; Male; Sclerosing Solutions; Testicular Hydrocele
PubMed: 5134811
DOI: No ID Found