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Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki I Selektsii Nov 2022Perilla frutescens is mainly cultivated as an oilseed crop. Perilla seeds contain 40-53 % of oil, 28 % of protein. The growing season is 100-150 days. In Russia, perilla...
Perilla frutescens is mainly cultivated as an oilseed crop. Perilla seeds contain 40-53 % of oil, 28 % of protein. The growing season is 100-150 days. In Russia, perilla is grown in the Far East, where the yield is 0.8-1.2 t/ha. Perilla of different geographical origin has its own special, sharply different features that characterize two geographical groups: Japanese and Korean-Chinese. These groups differ from each other in the length of the growing season, the height of plants, the color of the stem, the surface and the size of the leaves, the shape of the bush, the shape and size of the inflorescences, the size of the cups, the size and color of the seeds. P. frutescens contains a large number of polyphenolic compounds that are biologically active components. The purpose of this research was a metabolomic study of extracts from leaves of P. frutescens obtained from the collection of Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, grown on the fields of the Far East Experiment Station - Branch of Federal Research Center (Primorsky Krai, Russia). To identify target analytes in extracts, HPLC was used in combination with an ion trap. Preliminary results showed the presence of 23 biologically active compounds corresponding to P. frutescens. In addition to the reported metabolites, a number of metabolites were newly annotated in P. frutescens. There were hydroxycoumarin Umbelliferone; triterpene Squalene; omega-3 fatty acid Stearidonic [Moroctic] acid; higher-molecular-weight carboxylic acid: Tetracosenoic acid and Salvianic acid C; lignan Syringaresinol and cyclobutane lignan Sagerinic acid, etc. A wide range of biologically active compounds opens up rich opportunities for the creation of new drugs and dietary supplements based on extracts of perilla of the family Lamiaceae, subfamily Lamioideae, tribe Satureji and subtribe Perillinae.
PubMed: 36532628
DOI: 10.18699/VJGB-22-78 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Feb 2011Breastfeeding is considered an optimal nutritional source of n-6 (omega-6) and n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids (FAs) for the proper visual and cognitive development of newborn...
Genetic variants in the FADS gene cluster are associated with arachidonic acid concentrations of human breast milk at 1.5 and 6 mo postpartum and influence the course of milk dodecanoic, tetracosenoic, and trans-9-octadecenoic acid concentrations over the duration of lactation.
BACKGROUND
Breastfeeding is considered an optimal nutritional source of n-6 (omega-6) and n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids (FAs) for the proper visual and cognitive development of newborn children. In addition to maternal nutrition as an important regulator of FA concentrations, first results exist on an association of breast-milk FAs with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FADS gene cluster, which encodes the rate-limiting enzymes in the elongation-desaturation pathway of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs).
OBJECTIVE
We analyzed the influence of FADS SNPs on breast-milk FA concentrations and their time course during lactation in the Ulm Birth Cohort study, which comprised 772 nursing mothers at 1.5 mo after giving birth, and in a subset of 463 mothers who were still breastfeeding at 6 mo postpartum.
DESIGN
We conducted linear regression analysis of 8 FADS SNPs with FA concentrations at both time points separately and assessed the genotype effect over time in a longitudinal analysis by using a generalized estimating equation regression model.
RESULTS
We observed significant associations of FADS genotypes with arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations and the 20:4n-6/20:3n-6 ratio at both time points but no association of FADS SNPs with the time course of AA concentrations. A longitudinal analysis of FAs other than LC-PUFAs by genotype over time showed associations for dodecanoic acid, cis-15-tetracosenoic acid, and trans-9-octadecenoic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
Maternal FADS genotypes are associated with breast-milk AA concentrations and might therefore influence the supply of this FA for children. Furthermore, our data indicate an interrelation between the LC-PUFA pathway and saturated and monounsaturated FAs.
Topics: Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Genotype; Humans; Lactation; Lauric Acids; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Milk, Human; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Postpartum Period; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 21147856
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.004515 -
Journal of Lipids 2016The oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions of ten new and one wild Camellia oleifera varieties were investigated. Oil contents in camellia seeds from new C....
The oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions of ten new and one wild Camellia oleifera varieties were investigated. Oil contents in camellia seeds from new C. oleifera varied with cultivars from 41.92% to 53.30% and were affected by cultivation place. Average oil content (47.83%) of dry seeds from all ten new cultivars was almost the same as that of wild common C. oleifera seeds (47.06%). New C. oleifera cultivars contained similar FA compositions which included palmitic acid (C16:0, PA), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0, SA), oleic acid (C18:1, OA), linoleic acid (C18:2, LA), linolenic acid (C18:3), eicosenoic acid (C20:1), and tetracosenoic acid (C24:1). Predominant FAs in mature seeds were OA (75.78%~81.39%), LA (4.85%~10.79%), PA (7.68%~10.01%), and SA (1.46%~2.97%) and OA had the least coefficient of variation among different new cultivars. Average ratio of single FA of ten artificial C. oleifera cultivars was consistent with that of wild common C. oleifera. All cultivars contained the same ratios of saturated FA (SFA) and unsaturated FA (USFA). Oil contents and FA profiles of new cultivars were not significantly affected by breeding and selection.
PubMed: 26942012
DOI: 10.1155/2016/3982486 -
Plant Diversity Feb 2021Nervonic acid (NA, cis-15-tetracosenoic acid) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to be a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells....
Nervonic acid (NA, cis-15-tetracosenoic acid) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to be a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells. It can be used to treat and prevent many neurological diseases. At present, commercially available NA is mainly derived from seeds, which contain about 5%-6% NA in their seed oil. The aim of this study were to identify and analyze NA-containing species that could be used as NA resource plants. For this purpose, 46 species seeds were collected in China and in some or all of the seed oils from these species 15 fatty acids were detected, including linoleic acid, oleic acid (C18:1, C18:1), erucic acid, palmitic acid, NA, linolenic acid (C18:3, C18:3), eicosenoic acid (C20:1, C20:1), stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosanoic acid, arachidic acid, and docosadienoic acid. Nervonic acid was detected in all samples, but the content was highly variable among species. NA content over 9% was detected in eleven species, of which had the highest levels (13.90%). The seed oil content, seed weight, and fatty acid profiles varied among species, but the comprehensive evaluation value (W) showed that could be a new potential NA resources plant. The results also showed that NA was significantly negatively correlated with palmitic acid, oleic acid, and eicosenoic acid, but positively correlated with eicosadienoic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid, and tetracosanoic acid, which indicate the probable pathway for NA biosynthesis in plants. This study has identified species that may serve as NA resources and will help guide subsequent species breeding programs.
PubMed: 33778229
DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.10.003 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2014A high-nervonic acid (cis-15-tetracosenoic acid, C24:1, n-9)-producing filamentous fungus of the Mortierella species was discovered among soil filamentous fungi. The...
A high-nervonic acid (cis-15-tetracosenoic acid, C24:1, n-9)-producing filamentous fungus of the Mortierella species was discovered among soil filamentous fungi. The filamentous fungal strain -RD000969- was isolated from soil collected in Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) and was found to accumulate nervonic acid at a rate of 6.94% of the total cellular fatty acids. The base sequences of 28S rDNA D1/D2 and ITS 5.8S rDNA showed 100% homology with Mortierella capitata CBS 293.96. In addition to nervonic acid, strain RD000969 produced a large amount of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (C20:1, 12.22%; C22:1, 4.07%; C26:1, 5.91%) and a small amount of ultra-long-chain fatty acids (C28:1, 0.44%; C30:1, 0.06%; C32:1, trace). In the fungal cells, 98.87% of nervonic acid was localized at the sn-1,3 position of triacylglycerol. Nervonic acid production was maximum (186.3 mg·L(-1)) when the fungus was cultured in potato dextrose (PD) medium containing yeast extract, CaCl2, and MgSO4·7H2O.
Topics: Base Sequence; Culture Media; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fermentation; Glucose; Japan; Mortierella; Soil Microbiology; Triglycerides
PubMed: 24919474
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14029 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 1994An unusual mechanism for hydrocarbon biosynthesis is proposed from work examining the formation of (Z)-9-tricosene (Z9-23:Hy), the major sex pheromone component of the...
An unusual mechanism for hydrocarbon biosynthesis is proposed from work examining the formation of (Z)-9-tricosene (Z9-23:Hy), the major sex pheromone component of the female housefly, Musca domestica. Incubation of (Z)-15-[1-14C]- and (Z)-15-[15,16-3H2]tetracosenoic acid (24:1 fatty acid) with microsomes from houseflies gave equal amounts of [3H]Z9-23:Hy and 14CO2. The formation of CO2 and not CO, as reported for hydrocarbon formation in plants, animals, and microorganisms [Dennis, M. & Kolattukudy, P. E. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 5306-5310], was verified by trapping agents and by radio-GLC analysis. Incubation of (Z)-15-[15,16-3H2]tetracosenoyl-CoA with microsomal preparations in the presence of NADPH and O2 gave almost equal amounts of (Z)-15-3H2]tetrasosenal (24:1 aldehyde) and Z9-23:Hy. Addition of increasing amounts of hydroxylamine (aldehyde trapping agent) caused a decrease in hydrocarbon formation with a concomitant increase in oxime (aldehyde derivative) formation. The 24:1 aldehyde was efficiently converted to (Z)-9-tricosene only in the presence of both NADPH and O2. Bubbling carbon monoxide (20:80 CO/O2) or including an antibody against housefly cytochrome P450 reductase inhibited the formation Z9-23:Hy from 24:1 aldehyde. These data demonstrate an unusual mechanism for hydrocarbon formation in insects in which the acyl-CoA is reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and then carbon-1 is removed as CO2. The requirement for NADPH and O2 and the inhibition by CO and the antibody to cytochrome P450 reductase strongly implicate the participation of a cytochrome P450 in this reaction.
Topics: Aldehydes; Alkenes; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Houseflies; Hydrocarbons; Kinetics; Microsomes; Pheromones; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Tritium
PubMed: 7937826
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10000