Did you mean: thermo sensing
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Neuron Apr 2018The regulation of body temperature is one of the most critical functions of the nervous system. Here we review our current understanding of thermoregulation in mammals.... (Review)
Review
The regulation of body temperature is one of the most critical functions of the nervous system. Here we review our current understanding of thermoregulation in mammals. We outline the molecules and cells that measure body temperature in the periphery, the neural pathways that communicate this information to the brain, and the central circuits that coordinate the homeostatic response. We also discuss some of the key unresolved issues in this field, including the following: the role of temperature sensing in the brain, the molecular identity of the warm sensor, the central representation of the labeled line for cold, and the neural substrates of thermoregulatory behavior. We suggest that approaches for molecularly defined circuit analysis will provide new insight into these topics in the near future.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Homeostasis; Humans; Neural Pathways; Thermosensing
PubMed: 29621489
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.022 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2022The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel is the primary molecular transducer responsible for the cool sensation elicited by menthol and cold in...
The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel is the primary molecular transducer responsible for the cool sensation elicited by menthol and cold in mammals. TRPM8 activation is controlled by cooling compounds together with the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP). Our knowledge of cold sensation and the therapeutic potential of TRPM8 for neuroinflammatory diseases and pain will be enhanced by understanding the structural basis of cooling agonist- and PIP-dependent TRPM8 activation. We present cryo-electron microscopy structures of mouse TRPM8 in closed, intermediate, and open states along the ligand- and PIP-dependent gating pathway. Our results uncover two discrete agonist sites, state-dependent rearrangements in the gate positions, and a disordered-to-ordered transition of the gate-forming S6-elucidating the molecular basis of chemically induced cool sensation in mammals.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Cold Temperature; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Ligands; Menthol; TRPM Cation Channels; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; Thermosensing; Ion Channel Gating; Protein Conformation; Pyrimidinones
PubMed: 36227998
DOI: 10.1126/science.add1268 -
Plant, Cell & Environment Jul 2021Plants alter their morphology and cellular homeostasis to promote resilience under a variety of heat regimes. Molecular processes that underlie these responses have been... (Review)
Review
Plants alter their morphology and cellular homeostasis to promote resilience under a variety of heat regimes. Molecular processes that underlie these responses have been intensively studied and found to encompass diverse mechanisms operating across a broad range of cellular components, timescales and temperatures. This review explores recent progress throughout this landscape with a particular focus on thermosensing in the model plant Arabidopsis. Direct temperature sensors include the photosensors phytochrome B and phototropin, the clock component ELF3 and an RNA switch. In addition, there are heat-regulated processes mediated by ion channels, lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes, taking place at the plasma membrane and the chloroplast. In some cases, the mechanism of temperature perception is well understood but in others, this remains an open question. Potential novel thermosensing mechanisms are based on lipid and liquid-liquid phase separation. Finally, future research directions of high temperature perception and signalling pathways are discussed.
Topics: Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Lipid Metabolism; Phytochrome B; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins; Thermosensing
PubMed: 33314270
DOI: 10.1111/pce.13979 -
Cell Sep 2019In search of the molecular identities of cold-sensing receptors, we carried out an unbiased genetic screen for cold-sensing mutants in C. elegans and isolated a mutant...
In search of the molecular identities of cold-sensing receptors, we carried out an unbiased genetic screen for cold-sensing mutants in C. elegans and isolated a mutant allele of glr-3 gene that encodes a kainate-type glutamate receptor. While glutamate receptors are best known to transmit chemical synaptic signals in the CNS, we show that GLR-3 senses cold in the peripheral sensory neuron ASER to trigger cold-avoidance behavior. GLR-3 transmits cold signals via G protein signaling independently of its glutamate-gated channel function, suggesting GLR-3 as a metabotropic cold receptor. The vertebrate GLR-3 homolog GluK2 from zebrafish, mouse, and human can all function as a cold receptor in heterologous systems. Mouse DRG sensory neurons express GluK2, and GluK2 knockdown in these neurons suppresses their sensitivity to cold but not cool temperatures. Our study identifies an evolutionarily conserved cold receptor, revealing that a central chemical receptor unexpectedly functions as a thermal receptor in the periphery.
Topics: Animals; CHO Cells; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Cold Temperature; Cricetulus; Humans; Mice; Neurons; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Thermosensing
PubMed: 31474366
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.034 -
Journal of Comparative Physiology. A,... Sep 2015Temperature has profound effects on behavior and aging in both poikilotherms and homeotherms. To thrive under the ever fluctuating environmental temperatures, animals... (Review)
Review
Temperature has profound effects on behavior and aging in both poikilotherms and homeotherms. To thrive under the ever fluctuating environmental temperatures, animals have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense and adapt to temperature changes. Animals sense temperature through various molecular thermosensors, such as thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed in neurons, keratinocytes, and intestine. These evolutionarily conserved thermosensitive TRP channels feature distinct activation thresholds, thereby covering a wide spectrum of ambient temperature. Temperature changes trigger complex thermosensory behaviors. Due to the simplicity of the nervous system in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, the mechanisms of thermosensory behaviors in these species have been extensively studied at the circuit and molecular levels. While much is known about temperature regulation of behavior, it remains largely unclear how temperature affects aging. Recent studies in C. elegans demonstrate that temperature modulation of longevity is not simply a passive thermodynamic phenomenon as suggested by the rate-of-living theory, but rather a process that is actively regulated by genes, including those encoding thermosensitive TRP channels. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of thermosensation and its role in aging.
Topics: Animals; Invertebrates; Longevity; Mammals; Neural Pathways; Temperature; Thermosensing
PubMed: 26101089
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-015-1021-8 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2023Introduction While some studies have investigated the cooling properties of warm beverages, no studies have examined thermal well-being in warm environments in relation... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Introduction While some studies have investigated the cooling properties of warm beverages, no studies have examined thermal well-being in warm environments in relation to beverage temperature. Methods Thirty researchers were randomised in a 1:1 ratio in a double-blinded cross-over study. Participants were randomised to drink 10cl of 10°C and 50°C decaffeinated tea, 15 minutes apart while staying outside in the Turkish summer heat at noon. Well-being was assessed using the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) thermal sensation scale, Bedford thermal comfort scale, Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS), and the last two domains of EuroQol 5-domain, 5-point scale: EQ-5D-5L. Results Neither clinically nor statistically significant differences were found in well-being between warm and cold tea. Moods soured significantly as the trial course passed (using BMIS, µ 1.9; P=0.03), but comfort in the heat bettered (using Bedford, µ -0.37; P less-than 0.001). These changes were not considered to be clinically significant. Conclusion We were unable to show any correlation between beverage temperature and comfort in a hot environment. The mood of participants did, however, deteriorate as time passed-a lesson to any future researchers conducting drawn-out experiments just before lunch. Funding none. Trial registration NCT05900960.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Hot Temperature; Cold Temperature; Thermosensing; Tea
PubMed: 38084617
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Apr 2022As small ectotherms, whose temperature equilibrates almost instantly with that of their environment, free-living nematodes rely on their behavior for thermoregulation.... (Review)
Review
As small ectotherms, whose temperature equilibrates almost instantly with that of their environment, free-living nematodes rely on their behavior for thermoregulation. Caenorhabditis elegans has been extensively used as a model to address the fundamental mechanisms involved in thermosensation and the production of temperature-dependent behaviors. Behavioral responses include avoidance of acute noxious heat or cold stimuli and thermotactic responses to innocuous temperatures to produce oriented navigation in spatial thermogradients. In order to produce these behaviors, C. elegans relies on its ability to detect thermal cues with exquisite sensitivity, orchestrate a set of specific behavioral responses and adapt these responses in specific contexts, including according to past sensory experience and current internal states. The present review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the processes occurring at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels that enable thermosensory information processing and plasticity.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Temperature; Thermosensing
PubMed: 35307612
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102525 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... Jun 2011A review of the various approaches in understanding outdoor thermal comfort is presented. The emphasis on field surveys from around the world, particularly across... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
A review of the various approaches in understanding outdoor thermal comfort is presented. The emphasis on field surveys from around the world, particularly across Europe, enables us to understand thermal perception and evaluate outdoor thermal comfort conditions. The consistent low correlations between objective microclimatic variables, subjective thermal sensation and comfort outdoors, internationally, suggest that thermophysiology alone does not adequate describe these relationships. Focusing on the concept of adaptation, it tries to explain how this influences outdoor comfort, enabling us to inhabit and get satisfaction from outdoor spaces throughout the year. Beyond acclimatization and behavioral adaptation, through adjustments in clothing and changes to the metabolic heat, psychological adaptation plays a critical role to ensure thermal comfort and satisfaction with the outdoor environment. Such parameters include recent experiences and expectations; personal choice and perceived control, more important than whether that control is actually exercised; and the need for positive environmental stimulation suggesting that thermal neutrality is not a pre-requisite for thermal comfort. Ultimately, enhancing environmental diversity can influence thermal perception and experience of open spaces.
Topics: Acclimatization; Adaptation, Psychological; Energy Metabolism; Environment; Europe; Humans; Protective Clothing; Temperature; Thermosensing
PubMed: 21622290
DOI: 10.2741/245 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Oct 2018Thermal information about skin surface temperature is a key sense for the perception of object identity and valence. The identification of ion channels involved in the... (Review)
Review
Thermal information about skin surface temperature is a key sense for the perception of object identity and valence. The identification of ion channels involved in the transduction of thermal changes has provided a genetic access point to the thermal system. However, from sensory specific 'labeled-lines' to multimodal interactive pathways, the functional organization and identity of the neural circuits mediating innocuous thermal perception have been debated for over 100 years. Here we highlight points in the system that require further attention and review recent advances using in vivo electrophysiology, cellular resolution calcium imaging, optogenetics and thermal perceptual tasks in behaving mice that have begun to uncover the anatomical principles and neural processing mechanisms underlying innocuous thermal perception.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cerebral Cortex; Mice; Peripheral Nervous System; Spinothalamic Tracts; Thalamic Nuclei; Thermosensing; Touch Perception; Transient Receptor Potential Channels
PubMed: 29734030
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.006 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Oct 2015Animals use thermosensory systems to achieve optimal temperatures for growth and reproduction and to avoid damaging extremes. Thermoregulation is particularly... (Review)
Review
Animals use thermosensory systems to achieve optimal temperatures for growth and reproduction and to avoid damaging extremes. Thermoregulation is particularly challenging for small animals like the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, whose body temperature rapidly changes in response to environmental temperature fluctuation. Recent work has uncovered some of the key molecules mediating fly thermosensation, including the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels TRPA1 and Painless, and the Gustatory Receptor Gr28b, an unanticipated thermosensory regulator normally associated with a different sensory modality. There is also evidence the Drosophila phototransduction cascade may have some role in thermosensory responses. Together, the fly's diverse thermosensory molecules act in an array of functionally distinct thermosensory neurons to drive a suite of complex, and often exceptionally thermosensitive, behaviors.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Ion Channels; Receptors, Cell Surface; Signal Transduction; TRPA1 Cation Channel; TRPC Cation Channels; Thermosensing
PubMed: 25616212
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.002