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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform...
The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform back-squat at full (full-BS) or parallel (parallel-BS) depth, using large feet-stance (sumo-BS), and enhancing the feet external rotation (external-rotated-sumo-BS) and front-squat (FS) at 80% 1-RM. The normalized surface electromyographic root-mean-square (sEMG RMS) amplitude of and was recorded during both the ascending and descending phase of each exercise. During the descending phase, greater sEMG RMS amplitude of and was found in FS vs. all other exercises ( < 0.05). Additionally, FS elicited more than all other exercises. During the ascending phase, both sumo-BS and external-rotated-sumo-BS showed greater and activation compared to all other exercises ( < 0.05). Moreover, activation was greater in FS compared to full-BS ( < 0.05). No between-exercise difference was found in and showed no between-exercise difference. FS needs more backward stabilization during the descending phase. Larger feet-stance increases thigh muscles activity, possibly because of their longer length. These findings show how bodybuilders uniquely recruit muscles when performing different squat variations.
Topics: Back Muscles; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Quadriceps Muscle; Resistance Training; Thigh
PubMed: 33477561
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020772 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Jan 2021After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, returning the knee to previous levels of strength and function is challenging, with the failure to do so...
INTRODUCTION
After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, returning the knee to previous levels of strength and function is challenging, with the failure to do so associated with an increased risk of reinjury and long-term degenerative problems. Blood flow restriction (BFR) is gaining popularity as a rehabilitation technique; however, its effects on the mechanics of these exercises have not been fully explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the acute effects of BFR on the performance of a step-up exercise protocol and to assess the acceptability of the technique.
METHODS
Twenty individuals (12 female/8 male; mean age, 30.6 yr) who had recently undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 20 controls (11 female/9 male, mean age 28.0 yr) performed a step-up exercise protocol with and without BFR. Lower limb kinematics and kinetics were measured and compared between groups and conditions. Testing was completed in June 2019.
RESULTS
Participants in both groups had increased external rotation of the tibia of 2° (P < 0.001) and reductions in knee flexion and rotation torques around the joint of around 50% (P < 0.001) when using BFR compared with nonrestricted step-up exercise. The intervention was found to increase the difficulty of the exercise and induce moderate levels of discomfort (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The present study provides cautious support for the use of BFR, showing that there are minimal changes in knee joint mechanics when performing the same exercise without BFR, and that the changes do not increase joint torques at the knee. From an acute biomechanical perspective, the intervention appears safe to use under qualified supervision; however, effects of repetitive use and long-term outcomes should be monitored.
Topics: Adult; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise Therapy; Female; Hip; Humans; Kinetics; Knee; Male; Regional Blood Flow; Rotation; Thigh; Tibia; Time and Motion Studies
PubMed: 32694365
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002437 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2023Massive weight loss patients are often left with significant excess skin, which is associated with reduced quality of life and physical limitations due to the symptoms... (Review)
Review
Massive weight loss patients are often left with significant excess skin, which is associated with reduced quality of life and physical limitations due to the symptoms from the excess skin including pendulation, skin maceration, wounding, pain, and infection. The arm and thigh plasty are procedures that reduce the patient's physical symptoms and increase the quality of life by removing excess skin and shaping the remaining tissue. The aim of this review is to describe patient selection for the arm and thigh plasty, discuss indications, surgical principles, and common complications.
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Quality of Life; Thigh; Arm; Weight Loss
PubMed: 37114589
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021The hip flexor muscles are major contributors to lumbar spine stability. Tight hip flexors can lead to pain in the lumbar spine, and hence to an impairment in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The hip flexor muscles are major contributors to lumbar spine stability. Tight hip flexors can lead to pain in the lumbar spine, and hence to an impairment in performance. Moreover, sedentary behavior is a common problem and a major contributor to restricted hip extension flexibility. Stretching can be a tool to reduce muscle tightness and to overcome the aforementioned problems. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effects of a single hip flexor stretching exercise on performance parameters. The online search was performed in the following three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eight studies were included in this review with a total of 165 subjects (male: 111; female 54). In contrast to other muscle groups (e.g., plantar flexors), where 120 s of stretching likely decreases force production, it seems that isolated hip flexor stretching of up to 120 s has no effect or even a positive impact on performance-related parameters. A comparison of the effects on performance between the three defined stretch durations (30-90 s; 120 s; 270-480 s) revealed a significantly different change in performance ( = 0.02) between the studies with the lowest hip flexor stretch duration (30-90 s; weighted mean performance change: -0.12%; CI (95%): -0.49 to 0.41) and the studies with the highest hip flexor stretch duration (270-480 s; performance change: -3.59%; CI (95%): -5.92 to -2.04). Meta-analysis revealed a significant (but trivial) impairment in the highest hip flexor stretch duration of 270-480 s (SMD effect size = -0.19; CI (95%) -0.379 to 0.000; Z = -1.959; = 0.05; I = 0.62%), but not in the lowest stretch duration (30-90 s). This indicates a dose-response relationship in the hip flexor muscles. Although the evidence is based on a small number of studies, this information will be of great importance for both athletes and coaches.
Topics: Exercise; Female; Hip; Hip Joint; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Thigh
PubMed: 33671271
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041936 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2019The present systematic review aimed to analyze the activation of the muscles involved in the barbell hip thrust (BHT) and its transfer to sports activities that include...
The present systematic review aimed to analyze the activation of the muscles involved in the barbell hip thrust (BHT) and its transfer to sports activities that include horizontal displacement. A search of the current literature was performed using the PubMed, SPORTDiscuss, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were: (a) descriptive studies, (b) physically trained participants, (c) analyzed muscle activation using normalized EMG signals or as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and (d) acute or chronic transfer of the BHT to horizontal displacement activity. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and the following results were found: 1) neuromuscular activation: hip extensor muscles (gluteus maximus and biceps femoris) demonstrated greater activation in the BHT compared to the squat. The straight bar deadlift exercise demonstrated greater biceps femoris activation than BHT; 2) Regardless of the BHT variation and intensity used, the muscle excitation sequence is gluteus maximus, erector spinae, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis, gluteus medius, vastus medialis and rectus femoris; 3) acute transfer: four studies demonstrated a significant improvement in sprinting activities after BHT exercise; 4) as for the chronic transfer: two studies demonstrated improvement of the sprint time, while other two studies failed to present such effect. We concluded that: a) the mechanics of BHT favors greater activation of the hip extensor muscles compared to more conventional exercises; b) regardless of the variation of BHT used, the muscle excitation sequence is gluteus maximus, erector spinae, hamstrings, and quadriceps femoris; c) the acute transfer of the post-activation potentiation of the BHT is significant, improving the sprinting time; and d) despite training with BHT submaximal loads can improve sprint times, further investigations are needed.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Buttocks; Hamstring Muscles; Hip; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Paraspinal Muscles; Posture; Quadriceps Muscle; Thigh; Weight Lifting
PubMed: 31191088
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Feb 2024The incidence of periprosthetic femoral fractures is rising in the UK, because of an ageing population and an increasing number of hip arthroplasty operations being...
The incidence of periprosthetic femoral fractures is rising in the UK, because of an ageing population and an increasing number of hip arthroplasty operations being performed. They can occur intra- or postoperatively, and usually follow low energy trauma. They present with pain, swelling over the thigh, and an inability to weight bear. Periprosthetic femoral fractures are usually classified as per the unified classification system. Their management usually is dependent on their classification, with type A (fracture at level of greater or lesser trochanter) managed non-operatively with protected weight bearing, type B (fracture adjacent to implant) managed with either open reduction internal fixation or revision surgery, and type C (fracture distal to implant) managed with open reduction internal fixation. Owing to their complexity, these patients must be adequately optimised before surgery and appropriately rehabilitated.
Topics: Humans; Femoral Fractures; Femur; Thigh; Reoperation; Aging
PubMed: 38416520
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0378 -
Folia Morphologica 2022Venous anomalies of the lower extremity are a challenge when found as rare variations. Physicians should be aware of morphological variations in this region for correct...
BACKGROUND
Venous anomalies of the lower extremity are a challenge when found as rare variations. Physicians should be aware of morphological variations in this region for correct diagnosis and management of diseases such as deep vein thrombosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During the routine dissection of the lower extremities of a Caucasian male cadaver, a case of persistent sciatic vein was found.
RESULTS
A persistent sciatic vein originating from the saphenopopliteal junction coursed proximally and laterally to enter into the adductor magnus muscle, at the right side. Running through the fibres of the adductor magnus anteriorly, the variant vein drained into the deep femoral vein just medial to the vastus medialis muscle.
CONCLUSIONS
As being a rare congenital vascular anomaly, the persistent sciatic vein should be correctly diagnosed and defined during the radiologic assessments, surgical interventions and blockades for better outcomes and lesser complications.
Topics: Male; Humans; Veins; Thigh; Lower Extremity; Vascular Malformations; Cadaver
PubMed: 34545558
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0091 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Sep 2023Pain and sensory disturbance in the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the ventrolateral portion of the thigh is called meralgia paresthetica (MP).... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pain and sensory disturbance in the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the ventrolateral portion of the thigh is called meralgia paresthetica (MP). The incidence of MP has risen along with the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus and was recently estimated at 32 new cases per 100 000 persons per year. In this review, we provide an overview of current standards and developments in the diagnosis and treatment of MP.
METHODS
This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective literature search, with special attention to meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized and controlled trials (RCTs), and prospective observational studies.
RESULTS
The diagnosis is mainly based on typical symptoms combined with a positive response to an infiltration procedure. In atypical cases, electrophysiological testing, neurosonography, and magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in establishing the diagnosis. The literature search did not reveal any studies of high quality. Four prospective observational studies with small case numbers and partly inconsistent results are available. In a meta-analysis of 149 cases, pain relief was described after infiltration in 85% of cases and after surgery in 80%, with 1-38 months of follow-up. In another meta-analysis of 670 cases, there was pain relief after infiltration in 22% of cases, after surgical decompression in 63%, and after neurectomy in 85%. Hardly any data are available on more recent treatment options, such as radiofrequency therapy, spinal cord stimulation, or peripheral nerve stimulation.
CONCLUSION
The state of the evidence is limited in both quantity and quality, corresponding to evidence level 2a for surgical and non-surgical methods. Advances in imaging and neurophysiological testing have made the diagnosis easier to establish. When intervention is needed, good success rates have been achieved with surgery (decompression, neurectomy), and variable success rates with infiltration.
Topics: Humans; Decompression, Surgical; Femoral Neuropathy; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Observational Studies as Topic; Pain; Thigh
PubMed: 37534445
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0170 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2022
Topics: Bicycling; Humans; Lower Extremity; Thigh; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 36065872
DOI: No ID Found -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jul 2019
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Skin; Thigh
PubMed: 31291184
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.86a.19036