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Biomolecules Apr 2022Ever since the discovery of endogenous HS and the identification of its cytoprotective properties, efforts have been made to develop strategies to use HS as a... (Review)
Review
Ever since the discovery of endogenous HS and the identification of its cytoprotective properties, efforts have been made to develop strategies to use HS as a therapeutic agent. The ability of HS to regulate vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis might be particularly useful in the therapeutic management of critical illness. However, neither the inhalation of gaseous HS, nor the administration of inorganic HS-releasing salts or slow-releasing HS-donors are feasible for clinical use. NaSO is a clinically approved compound with a good safety profile and is able to release HS, in particular under hypoxic conditions. Pre-clinical studies show promise for NaSO in the acute management of critical illness. A current clinical trial is investigating the therapeutic potential for NaSO in myocardial infarct. Pre-eclampsia and COVID-19 pneumonia might be relevant targets for future clinical trials.
Topics: Critical Illness; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Thiosulfates; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35454132
DOI: 10.3390/biom12040543 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Aug 1990Among sulfur compounds, thiosulfate and polythionates are present at least transiently in many environments. These compounds have a similar chemical structure and their... (Review)
Review
Among sulfur compounds, thiosulfate and polythionates are present at least transiently in many environments. These compounds have a similar chemical structure and their metabolism appears closely related. They are commonly used as energy sources for photoautotrophic or chemolithotrophic microorganisms, but their assimilation has been seldom studied and their importance in bacterial physiology is not well understood. Almost all bacterial strains are able to cleave these compounds since they possess thiosulfate sulfur transferase, thiosulfate reductase or S-sulfocysteine synthase activities. However, the role of these enzymes in the assimilation of thiosulfate or polythionates has not always been clearly established. Elemental sulfur is, on the contrary, very common in the environment. It is an energy source for sulfur-reducing eubacteria and archaebacteria and many sulfur-oxidizing archaebacteria. A phenomenon still not well understood is the 'excessive assimilatory sulfur metabolism' as observed in methanogens which perform a sulfur reduction which exceeds their anabolic needs without any apparent benefit. In heterotrophs, assimilation of elemental sulfur is seldom described and it is uncertain whether this process actually has a physiological significance. Thus, reduction of thiosulfate and elemental sulfur is a common but incompletely understood feature among bacteria. These activities could give bacteria a selective advantage, but further investigations are needed to clarify this possibility. Presence of thiosulfate, polythionates and sulfur reductase activities does not imply obligatorily that these activities play a role in thiosulfate, polythionates or sulfur assimilation as these compounds could be merely intermediates in bacterial metabolism. The possibility also exists that the assimilation of these sulfur compounds is just a side effect of an enzymatic activity with a completely different function. As long as these questions remain unanswered, our understanding of sulfur and thiosulfate metabolism will remain incomplete.
Topics: Archaea; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Energy Metabolism; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfur; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 2123394
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04107.x -
Pediatric Blood & Cancer May 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Cisplatin; Antineoplastic Agents; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 36772889
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30248 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Jan 2019The present study describes the hair growth-promoting effects of sodium thiosulfate (STS), a widely used compound, in mice. STS accelerated hair growth in the "telogen...
The present study describes the hair growth-promoting effects of sodium thiosulfate (STS), a widely used compound, in mice. STS accelerated hair growth in the "telogen model", suggesting that it stimulates telogen hair follicles to reenter the anagen phase of hair growth. In the same model, STS potentiated hair growth in an additive manner with minoxidil (MXD), a drug used for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Furthermore, in the "anagen model", STS promoted hair growth, probably by promoting hair follicle proliferation. Since STS elevated the skin surface temperature, its hair growth-promoting activity may be partly due to vasorelaxation, similar to MXD. In addition, STS is known to generate a gaseous mediator, HS, which has vasorelaxation and anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative stress activities. Therefore, STS and/or provisionally its metabolite, HS, may aid the hair growth process. Collectively, these results suggest that salts of thiosulfate may represent a novel and beneficial remedy for hair loss.
Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Drug Synergism; Gene Expression Regulation; Hair Follicle; Humans; Male; Mice, Inbred C3H; Minoxidil; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Skin Temperature; Sulfurtransferases; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 30200826
DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1518705 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine 1987Severe, acute cyanide poisoning is uncommon and can be very difficult to diagnose if a history of exposure is unavailable. Victims of smoke inhalation may have... (Review)
Review
Severe, acute cyanide poisoning is uncommon and can be very difficult to diagnose if a history of exposure is unavailable. Victims of smoke inhalation may have significant cyanide poisoning as well as carbon monoxide toxicity. The Lilly Cyanide Antidote Kit currently available in America unfortunately has its own inherent toxicity. An efficacious antidote lacking toxicity is desirable, especially in cases where the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning cannot be made with certainty. Hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate has been used in France since 1970. Both components have been shown to be safe and efficacious in animal studies. Case reports of human cyanide poisoning treated with hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate have been published only in French. Animal and human data on the use of this antidotal combination are reviewed. Hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate is an efficacious cyanide antidote with little inherent toxicity.
Topics: Acute Disease; Antidotes; Cyanides; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydroxocobalamin; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 3295013
DOI: 10.1016/0736-4679(87)90074-6 -
Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) Jul 2018Calciphylaxis is a severe complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium thiosulphate (STS), an antioxidant and calcium chelating agent, has been used for... (Review)
Review
AIM
Calciphylaxis is a severe complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium thiosulphate (STS), an antioxidant and calcium chelating agent, has been used for the treatment of calciphylaxis. However, its efficacy and safety have not been systematically analysed and evaluated.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were systematically searched for case report or cases series on use of STS for calciphylaxis published between July 1974 and October 2016. We extracted data on clinical characteristics, laboratory tests result and medication use. The effective treatment was defined as improvement in skin lesion cicatrisation or pain relief without death. Non-responding effects were defined as stable skin lesions without remission or exacerbation of the disease in patients who remained alive. All-cause mortality after STS treatment was defined as death due to exacerbations of calciphylaxis or other complications of advanced CKD. We compared the baseline parameters of the patients as well as the efficacy and mortality of the STS therapy between case report and multi-case reports. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.
RESULTS
A total of 83 papers were screened, 45 of them (n = 358) met the inclusion criteria, including 36 case reports (n = 64) and nine multi-case reports (n = 294). The mean age of the patients with calciphylaxis was 58 ± 14 years (range 26-91 years). They were female predominant, accounting for 74.1%. Among the patients with calciphylaxis, 96.1% patients were on dialysis with median dialysis vintage of 44.5 months (range 24-84 months). STS was effective in 70.1% of patients, 37.6% patients died. The proportion of patients with sepsis was higher among those who received intravenous STS. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the different STS administration methods (P = 0.19).
CONCLUSION
Although the study was unable to assess the efficacy of sodium thiosulphate alone in the treatment of calciphylaxis, it still reveals a promising role of STS as an effective therapy for calciphylaxis. Further prospective studies to define the optimal therapy for calciphylaxis are needed.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Calciphylaxis; Calcium Chelating Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Thiosulfates; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28603903
DOI: 10.1111/nep.13081 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Jul 2013
Topics: Calciphylaxis; Female; Humans; Male; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 23743999
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04990513 -
Journal of the American Society of... Jun 2009An uncontrolled trial reported that sodium thiosulfate reduces formation of calcium kidney stones in humans, but this has not been established in a controlled human...
An uncontrolled trial reported that sodium thiosulfate reduces formation of calcium kidney stones in humans, but this has not been established in a controlled human study or animal model. Using the genetic hypercalciuric rat, an animal model of calcium phosphate stone formation, we studied the effect of sodium thiosulfate on urine chemistries and stone formation. We fed genetic hypercalciuric rats normal food with or without sodium thiosulfate for 18 wk and measured urine chemistries, supersaturation, and the upper limit of metastability of urine. Eleven of 12 untreated rats formed stones compared with only three of 12 thiosulfate-treated rats (P < 0.002). Urine calcium and phosphorus were higher and urine citrate and volume were lower in the thiosulfate-treated rats, changes that would increase calcium phosphate supersaturation. Thiosulfate treatment lowered urine pH, which would lower calcium phosphate supersaturation. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in calcium phosphate supersaturation or upper limit of metastability between thiosulfate-treated and control rats. In vitro, thiosulfate only minimally affected ionized calcium, suggesting a mechanism of action other than calcium chelation. In summary, sodium thiosulfate reduces calcium phosphate stone formation in the genetic hypercalciuric rat. Controlled trials testing the efficacy and safety of sodium thiosulfate for recurrent kidney stones in humans are needed.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Antioxidants; Calcium Phosphates; Nephrolithiasis; Rats; Thiosulfates; Urinalysis
PubMed: 19369406
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2008070754 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 2022
Topics: Calcinosis; Humans; Skin Diseases; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 34537249
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.09.013 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Nov 2020
Topics: Antioxidants; Calcinosis; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Skin Diseases; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 32622148
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.996