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Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters Dec 2021The recreational consumption of nitrous oxide has steadily increased in recent years. Before being inhaled, the nitrous oxide is contained in a gas cylinder held firmly...
The recreational consumption of nitrous oxide has steadily increased in recent years. Before being inhaled, the nitrous oxide is contained in a gas cylinder held firmly between the thighs and then the gas is transferred to a rubber balloon. During the deconditioning steps, the cylinder cools down and causes frostbite. We report the case of six third-degree burns on the inner side of the thighs. At first superficial, this burn will deepen and require surgical management.
PubMed: 35035324
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Sep 2022Animal experiments play an essential role in advances in the research and treatment of burns. Currently, researchers often rely on personal experience or the literature...
Animal experiments play an essential role in advances in the research and treatment of burns. Currently, researchers often rely on personal experience or the literature to complete the construction of animal disease models, which may lead to a lack of scientific rigor and a wide range of animal disease models with reference value. The purposes of this study were to establish a third-degree burn model of rats using the Delphi method to provide a reference. Two rounds of a Delphi expert consultation survey were conducted on experts (n = 13) in this study, and then the boundary value method was used to screen, modify and supplement the indicators. Next, the indicator weight was determined by dividing the boundary value, and finally, the index system of the rat model of third-degree burns was established. The statistical analysis results show that the positive coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation are 100% and 88.67% respectively. The expert authority coefficient values were 0.73 and 0.67, respectively, and the expert coordination coefficient test was P < 0.001. According to the experts' suggestion, the third-degree burn model of rats with 8 first-degree indexes, 14 second-degree indexes and 46 third-degree indexes was finally established. According to the characteristics and quality requirements of animal models, this study constructs a rat model of third degree burns, which is expected to expressively improve the overall proficiency of burn research quality.
Topics: Animals; Burns; Delphi Technique; Disease Models, Animal; Rats
PubMed: 36056098
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18092-0 -
American Family Physician Apr 2020Most patients with burn injuries are treated as outpatients. Two key determinants of the need for referral to a burn center are burn depth and percentage of total body...
Most patients with burn injuries are treated as outpatients. Two key determinants of the need for referral to a burn center are burn depth and percentage of total body surface area involved. All burn injuries are considered trauma, prompting immediate evaluation for concomitant injuries. Initial treatment is directed at stopping the burn process. Superficial (first-degree) burns involve only the epidermal layer and require simple first-aid techniques with over-the-counter pain relievers. Partial-thickness (second-degree) burns are subdivided into two categories: superficial and deep. Superficial partial-thickness burns extend into the dermis, may take up to three weeks to heal, and require advanced dressings to protect the wound and promote a moist environment. Deep partial-thickness burns require immediate referral to a burn surgeon for possible early tangential excision. Full-thickness (third-degree) burns involve the entire dermal layer, and patients with these burns should automatically be referred to a burn center. Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for outpatient management and may increase bacterial resistance. People with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of complications and infection, and early referral to a burn center should be considered. Pruritus, hypertrophic scarring, and permanent hyperpigmentation are long-term complications of partial-thickness burns. Burn injuries are more likely to occur in children and older people. Patient education during primary care visits may be an effective prevention strategy.
Topics: Aged; Ambulatory Care; Child; Humans; Outpatients; Skin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32293848
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Medical... 2020Burn injury induces long-term skeletal muscle pathology. We hypothesized EPO could attenuate burn-induced muscle fiber atrophy. Rats were allocated into four groups: a...
Burn injury induces long-term skeletal muscle pathology. We hypothesized EPO could attenuate burn-induced muscle fiber atrophy. Rats were allocated into four groups: a sham burn group, an untreated burn group subjected to third degree hind paw burn, and two burn groups treated with weekly or daily EPO for four weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed at four weeks post-burn. EPO attenuated the reduction of mean myofiber cross-sectional area post-burn and the level of the protective effect was no significant difference between two EPO-treated groups (p=0.784). Furthermore, EPO decreased the expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase, atrogin-1, which was up-regulated in response to burn. Compared to untreated burn rats, those receiving weekly or daily EPO groups had less cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. EPO decreased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 (key factor in the caspase-dependent pathway) and apoptosis-inducing factor (implicated in the caspase-independent pathway) after burn. Furthermore, EPO alleviated connective tissue overproduction following burn via transforming growth factor beta 1-Smad2/3 pathway. Daily EPO group caused significant erythrocytosis compared with untreated burn group but not weekly EPO group. EPO therapy attenuated skeletal muscle apoptosis and fibrosis at four weeks post-burn. Weekly EPO may be a safe and effective option in muscle wasting post-burn.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Burns; Caspase 3; Connective Tissue; Disease Models, Animal; Erythropoietin; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Muscle Proteins; Muscle Weakness; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Rats; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; Signal Transduction; Smad2 Protein; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
PubMed: 31929736
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38590 -
Cureus Oct 2022Burn wounds remain a prevalent problem in the developed and developing world. A multitude of remedies has been tested. This study evaluated the healing time of second-... (Review)
Review
Burn wounds remain a prevalent problem in the developed and developing world. A multitude of remedies has been tested. This study evaluated the healing time of second- and third-degree burn wounds between silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and (AV). In July 2020, a systematic review of MEDLINE (Ovid) and PubMed (National Library of Medicine) was performed to identify studies that reported healing of second- and third-degree burns using either SSD or AV. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were screened and carefully analyzed. Our goal was to report the healing time for these burns using SSD and AV. A total of eight studies published between 1988 and 2018 reporting healing of second- and third-degree burns using SSD and AV were included in this review. Six were cohort studies and two were randomized controlled trials. The studies included both animal and human subjects. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the mean time to wound healing favored AV (RR: -1.34, 95% CI: -1.8 to 0.9, p < 0.001). It would seem that time to healing benefitted those burns in which AV was utilized. In conclusion, increased consideration and emphasis should be placed on using AV to aid the healing of second- and third-degree burns.
PubMed: 36337821
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30815