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Veterinary Research Communications Sep 2023Animals can sense their changing internal needs and then generate specific physiological and behavioural responses in order to restore homeostasis. Water-saline... (Review)
Review
Animals can sense their changing internal needs and then generate specific physiological and behavioural responses in order to restore homeostasis. Water-saline homeostasis derives from balances of water and sodium intake and output (drinking and diuresis, salt appetite and natriuresis), maintaining an appropriate composition and volume of extracellular fluid. Thirst is the sensation which drives to seek and consume water, regulated in the central nervous system by both neural and chemical signals. Water and electrolyte homeostasis depends on finely tuned physiological mechanisms, mainly susceptible to plasma Na concentration and osmotic pressure, but also to blood volume and arterial pressure. Increases of osmotic pressure as slight as 1-2% are enough to induce thirst ("homeostatic" or cellular), by activation of specialized osmoreceptors in the circumventricular organs, outside the blood-brain barrier. Presystemic anticipatory signals (by oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal receptors) inhibit thirst when fluids are ingested, or stimulate thirst associated with food intake. Hypovolemia, arterial hypotension, Angiotensin II stimulate thirst ("hypovolemic thirst", "extracellular dehydration"). Hypervolemia, hypertension, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide inhibit thirst. Circadian rhythms of thirst are also detectable, driven by suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Such homeostasis and other fundamental physiological functions (cardiocircolatory, thermoregulation, food intake) are highly interdependent.
Topics: Animals; Thirst; Appetite; Mammals; Water
PubMed: 36932281
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10104-2 -
Annual Review of Physiology Feb 2019Recent experiments using optogenetic tools facilitate the identification and functional analysis of thirst neurons and vasopressin-producing neurons. Four major advances... (Review)
Review
Recent experiments using optogenetic tools facilitate the identification and functional analysis of thirst neurons and vasopressin-producing neurons. Four major advances provide a detailed anatomy and physiology of thirst, taste for water, and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) release: ( a) Thirst and AVP release are regulated by the classical homeostatic, interosensory plasma osmolality negative feedback as well as by novel, exterosensory, anticipatory signals. These anticipatory signals for thirst and vasopressin release concentrate on the same homeostatic neurons and circumventricular organs that monitor the composition of blood. ( b) Acid-sensing taste receptor cells (TRCs) expressing otopetrin 1 on type III presynaptic TRCs on the tongue, which were previously suggested as the sour taste sensors, also mediate taste responses to water. ( c) Dehydration is aversive, and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) neuron activity is proportional to the intensity of this aversive state. ( d) MnPO neurons serve as a central detector that discriminates fluid ingestion from solid ingestion, which promotes acute satiation of thirst through the subfornical organ and other downstream targets.
Topics: Animals; Homeostasis; Humans; Neurons; Thirst; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 30742785
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114556 -
Nursing Open Aug 2023The aim of this study was to summarise the overall picture of thirst-related research in patients with heart failure. (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this study was to summarise the overall picture of thirst-related research in patients with heart failure.
DESIGN
We conducted a scoping review following the Arskey and O'Malley methodological framework along with the PAGER framework.
METHODS
PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Jonna Briggs Institute, ProQuest Database, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PQDT, CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP and CBM. Additionally, grey literature including grey databases (Opengrey, OpenDoar, Openaire and BASEL Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), conferences or articles (Scopus and Microsoft Academic), graduate theses databases (eTHOS, DART Europe, Worldcat and EBSCO Open Dissertations) and government information media (UK guidance and regulations, USA government websites, EU Bookshop and UN official publications) were searched. The databases were searched from inception to 18 August 2022 for Articles written in English and Chinese. Two researchers independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third researcher adjudicated disagreements.
RESULTS
We retrieved 825 articles, of which 26 were included. Three themes were summarised from these articles: (a) the incidence of thirst in patients with heart failure; (b) the thirst-related factors in patients with heart failure; and (c) the intervention measures of thirst in patients with heart failure.
Topics: Humans; Europe; Heart Failure; Thirst
PubMed: 37247329
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1818 -
Nutrition and Health Sep 2020Thirst is a sensation normally aroused by a lack of water and associated with a desire to drink more fluid. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Thirst is a sensation normally aroused by a lack of water and associated with a desire to drink more fluid.
AIM
The aims of this brief review are twofold: (a) to summarize the thirst mechanism in how it is initiated and diminished, and (b) to describe techniques to assess human thirst accurately in a variety of situations.
DISCUSSION
Thirst is maintained via a feedback-controlled mechanism, regulated by central and peripheral factors, as well as social and psychological cues. Most studies of thirst have focused on the initiation of water intake and the neural mechanisms responsible for this vital behavior. Less attention has been paid to the stimuli and mechanisms that terminate a bout of drinking and limit fluid ingestion, such as oropharyngeal and gastric signals, coupled with osmotic sensations. Thirst perception is typically assessed by subjective ratings using a variety of questionnaires, rankings, or visual analog scales. However, the appropriate perceptual tool may not always be used for the correct assessment of thirst perception.
CONCLUSIONS
In considering the many factors involved in thirst arousal and inhibition, similar questions need to be considered for the correct assessment of this ingestive behavior.
Topics: Drinking; Drinking Water; Feedback, Physiological; Humans; Thirst
PubMed: 32297552
DOI: 10.1177/0260106020916972 -
Nursing in Critical Care Mar 2018Because of changes in sedation strategies, more patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are conscious. Therefore, new and challenging tasks in nursing practice have...
BACKGROUND
Because of changes in sedation strategies, more patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are conscious. Therefore, new and challenging tasks in nursing practice have emerged, which require a focus on the problems that patients experience. Thirst is one such major problem, arising because the mechanical ventilator prevents the patients from drinking when they have the urge to do so. To gain a deeper understanding of the patients' experiences and to contribute new knowledge in nursing care, this study focuses on the patients' experiences of thirst during mechanical ventilation (MV) while being conscious.
AIMS
To explore patients' experience of thirst while being conscious and mechanically ventilated.
DESIGN
This hermeneutic study used qualitative interviews of 12 patients.
METHOD
Data were analyzed based on content analysis. Interviews were conducted between September and October 2014 in two large ICUs in Denmark.
RESULT
Four themes relating to the patients' experiences of thirst during MV were identified: a paramount thirst, a different sense in the mouth, deprivation of the opportunity to quench thirst and difficulties associated with thirst.
CONCLUSION
Patients associate feelings of desperation, anxiety and powerlessness with the experience of thirst. These feelings have a negative impact on their psychological well-being. A strategy in the ICU that includes no sedation for critically ill patients in need of MV introduces new demands on the nurses who must care for patients who are struggling with thirst.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
This study shows that despite several practical attempts to relieve thirst, it remains a paramount problem for the patients. ICU nurses need to increase their focus on issues of thirst and dry mouth, which are two closely related issues for the patients. Communication may be a way to involve the patients, recognize and draw attention to their problem.
Topics: Communication; Consciousness; Critical Care Nursing; Denmark; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Interviews as Topic; Middle Aged; Respiration, Artificial; Thirst
PubMed: 28124464
DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12277 -
Current Biology : CB Dec 2016Our bodies are mostly water, and this water is constantly being lost through evaporative and other means. Thus the evolution of robust mechanisms for finding and...
Our bodies are mostly water, and this water is constantly being lost through evaporative and other means. Thus the evolution of robust mechanisms for finding and consuming water has been critical for the survival of most animals. In this Primer, we discuss how the brain monitors the water content of the body and then transforms that physical information into the motivation to drink.
Topics: Animals; Drinking; Humans; Thirst; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 27997832
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.019 -
Pediatric Radiology Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Thirst; Neoplasms; Learning
PubMed: 36460836
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05555-9 -
The Journal of Endocrinology May 1988
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Thirst; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 3288704
DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1170155 -
Nature Reviews. Neuroscience Aug 2017Thirst motivates animals to find and consume water. More than 40 years ago, a set of interconnected brain structures known as the lamina terminalis was shown to govern... (Review)
Review
Thirst motivates animals to find and consume water. More than 40 years ago, a set of interconnected brain structures known as the lamina terminalis was shown to govern thirst. However, owing to the anatomical complexity of these brain regions, the structure and dynamics of their underlying neural circuitry have remained obscure. Recently, the emergence of new tools for neural recording and manipulation has reinvigorated the study of this circuit and prompted re-examination of longstanding questions about the neural origins of thirst. Here, we review these advances, discuss what they teach us about the control of drinking behaviour and outline the key questions that remain unanswered.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Drinking Behavior; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypothalamus; Neural Pathways; Thirst
PubMed: 28638120
DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.71 -
Intensive & Critical Care Nursing Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Thirst
PubMed: 37875049
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103564