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Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology... Jul 2019The tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system approved by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer... (Review)
Review
The tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system approved by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) to stage lung cancer was recently revised. The latest revision is the 8th edition published in January, 2017. This new edition made some important changes to the previous edition, including modification of the T classification based on 1 cm increment, downstage of T descriptor including endobronchial tumor disregarding its distance from carina (T2), merging total and partial atelectasis/pneumonitis into the same T category (T2), upstage diaphragmatic invasion to T4, new classification concept of adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma for pure and part-solid ground-glass nodules, and further division of extrathoracic metastasis into M1b and M1c based on the number and sites of extrathoracic metastases. Consensus is reached for debating situations not covered in the previous edition of staging system, such as the classification of pancoast tumor based on its invasion depth and staging tumors that extend directly across the fissure as T2a. Classification of multiple sites of pulmonary involvement, including multiple primary lung cancer, separate lung cancer nodules, multiple ground-glass or lepidic lesions, and consolidation, is also discussed. Even though the 8th edition of the TNM lung staging system provides us with more precise classification based on prognostic analysis of each TNM descriptors, there are still some potential limitations and clinical situations that have not yet been clarified in terms of clinical staging by imaging. It is important for radiologists to understand the major changes introduced in the 8th edition of TNM staging and to recognize the potential pitfalls and limitations of imaging interpretation to precisely classify the clinical stage of lung cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma in Situ; Aged; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Incidental Findings; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphangitis; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Pleural Neoplasms; Prognosis; Radiologists; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule; Thorax; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31295144
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2019.18458 -
Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks Sep 2022
Topics: Foreign Bodies; Humans; Thorax
PubMed: 36164957
DOI: 10.5578/tt.20229712 -
Thoracic Surgery Clinics Feb 2021The thoracic outlet is the space between the thorax and axilla through which the subclavian vein, subclavian artery, and brachial plexus travel from their central... (Review)
Review
The thoracic outlet is the space between the thorax and axilla through which the subclavian vein, subclavian artery, and brachial plexus travel from their central origins to their peripheral termini. Its bounds include the clavicle, first thoracic rib, insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle onto the coracoid process of the humerus, and the sternum. It contains three areas: the scalene triangle, the costoclavicular space, and the subcoracoid or pectoralis minor space. Aberrant anatomy is common in the thoracic outlet and may predispose patients to compression of the neurovascular bundle and development of clinical thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Much of this aberrancy is explained by the embryologic origins of the structures that comprise the thoracic outlet. A thorough understanding of this anatomy and embryology is therefore critical to the understanding of TOS.
Topics: Brachial Plexus; Clavicle; Humans; Ribs; Subclavian Artery; Subclavian Vein; Thoracic Outlet Syndrome; Thorax
PubMed: 33220766
DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007 -
The European Respiratory Journal May 2022
Topics: Humans; Lung; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Singing; Thorax
PubMed: 35589115
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02961-2021 -
Medical Ultrasonography Feb 2022
Topics: Humans; Lung; Thorax; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 35174814
DOI: 10.11152/mu-3616 -
Journal of Ultrasound Jun 2019Ultrasound examination of the thorax (TUS) can be quite suitable for children because their unique thoracic anatomy provides many acoustic windows into the chest. This... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound examination of the thorax (TUS) can be quite suitable for children because their unique thoracic anatomy provides many acoustic windows into the chest. This review article covers techniques, indications, and applications of TUS in neonates, infants, and children, including common aspects and applications, like pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis, pleural effusion and pneumothorax and main neonatal pathologies such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transitory tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Thorax; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30778892
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-019-00357-6 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Chest Pain; Thorax
PubMed: 37487618
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.221673-f -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Jul 2023
Topics: Hunger; Heart; Thorax
PubMed: 37414049
DOI: 10.1055/a-2077-3216 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Oct 2023
Topics: Thorax; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37793387
DOI: 10.1055/a-2143-9762 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Thorax; Venous Thrombosis; Lung
PubMed: 37188368
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.221198-f