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Theranostics 2017The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-[F]fluorothymidine ([F]FLT) has been proposed to measure cell proliferation non-invasively . Hence, it should... (Review)
Review
The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-[F]fluorothymidine ([F]FLT) has been proposed to measure cell proliferation non-invasively . Hence, it should provide valuable information for response assessment to tumor therapies. To date, [F]FLT uptake has found limited use as a response biomarker in clinical trials in part because a better understanding is needed of the determinants of [F]FLT uptake and therapy-induced changes of its retention in the tumor. In this systematic review of preclinical [F]FLT studies, comprising 174 reports, we identify the factors governing [F]FLT uptake in tumors, among which thymidine kinase 1 plays a primary role. The majority of publications (83 %) report that decreased [F]FLT uptake reflects the effects of anticancer therapies. 144 times [F]FLT uptake was related to changes in proliferation as determined by analyses. Of these approaches, 77 % describe a positive relation, implying a good concordance of tracer accumulation and tumor biology. These preclinical data indicate that [F]FLT uptake holds promise as an imaging biomarker for response assessment in clinical studies. Understanding of the parameters which influence cellular [F]FLT uptake and retention as well as the mechanism of changes induced by therapy is essential for successful implementation of this PET tracer. Hence, our systematic review provides the background for the use of [F]FLT in future clinical studies.
Topics: Animals; Dideoxynucleosides; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Monitoring; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 28042315
DOI: 10.7150/thno.16676 -
Virology Journal Sep 2012Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. Presently, even with proper joint immunoprophylaxis,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. Presently, even with proper joint immunoprophylaxis, approximately 10-15% of newborns from HBV carrier mothers suffer from HBV infection through intrauterine transmission. One of the risk factors is the level of maternal viraemia. Telbivudine is a synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV. A few studies have evaluated the efficacy of telbivudine in preventing intrauterine HBV infection during late pregnancy. So we conducted this meta-analysis to arrive at an evidence-based conclusion. We searched Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge and China Biological Medicine Database from January 1990 to December 2011. Relative risks (RR) of the seropositivity rates for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in newborns and infants were studied. Mean differences (MD) in maternal HBV DNA levels were reviewed. Finally two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and four non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs) were left for analysis which included 576 mothers in total, of whom 306 received telbivudine treatment and 270 did not receive any drug. All newborns received hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac) and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) after birth. The seropositivity rate for HBsAg or HBV DNA was significantly lower in the telbivudine group, both at birth and at 6-12 months follow up. Meanwhile, maternal HBV DNA levels prior to delivery were significantly lower in the telbivudine group. In addition, the frequency of serum creatine kinase (CK) elevation was similar in the two groups. Our meta-analysis provides preliminary evidence that telbivudine application in late pregnancy is effective in the interruption of intrauterine HBV infection, with no significant adverse effects or complications. More high quality, well-designed, double-blinded, randomised controlled and large size clinical trials are needed for further investigation and more convincing results in the future.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Female; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Telbivudine; Thymidine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22947333
DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-185