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Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2024The plant Arnica montana L. has been shown to alleviate inflammation, pain and swelling associated with trauma, and post-operative clinical conditions, yet the mechanism...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The plant Arnica montana L. has been shown to alleviate inflammation, pain and swelling associated with trauma, and post-operative clinical conditions, yet the mechanism of action is not well understood.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The study was designed to investigate the effect of Arnica montana (A. montana) mother tincture and homeopathic dilutions on inflammation markers, oxidative stress and cell migration in diverse cell culture models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We tested A. montana mother tincture and a range of homeopathic dilutions in different human and murine cell culture models to demonstrate their anti-inflammatory properties by measuring the inflammatory markers: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell migration. The inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA assays. The intracellular oxidative stress (ROS) in microglial cells was measured using Deep Red CellROX probe. The cell migration was examined by wound healing using the Oris Cell migration assay.
RESULTS
These data showed the ability of A. montana (mother tincture and mainly 1C dilution) to significantly reduce TNFα production in inflamed macrophages compared with vehicle (control). They significantly reduced both IL-6 and MCP-1 in inflamed human microglial cells and significantly decreased COX-2 expression in inflamed murine fibroblasts. Moreover, A. montana mother tincture reduced the cell migration whereas 9C dilution significantly enhanced the migration of fibroblast cells compared with vehicle. The expression of ICAM-1 was significantly reduced with A. montana mother tincture and 1C, 3C, 5C, and 9C dilutions in inflamed human endothelial cells compared with vehicle. A. montana mother tincture and 1C, 3C, 5C and 9C dilutions induced a significant and consistent effect on ROS production in inflamed murine microglial cells. A. montana 1C had the largest impact on ROS production.
CONCLUSIONS
Mother tincture and 1C dilution of A. montana showed anti-inflammatory properties assessed by measurement of several markers (pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecule, ROS) in various human and murine cell models. In addition, A. montana 3C, 5C, 9C dilutions have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as highlighted on both primary endothelial cells and murine microglial cells.
Topics: Humans; Female; Animals; Mice; Arnica; Cyclooxygenase 2; Endothelial Cells; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-6; Mothers; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Plant Extracts; Inflammation; Biological Products
PubMed: 37598770
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117064 -
Open Veterinary Journal Jun 2023In conditions of industrial animal husbandry, it is necessary to pay attention to the immune system, which regulates metabolic processes in the body of animals. To do...
BACKGROUND
In conditions of industrial animal husbandry, it is necessary to pay attention to the immune system, which regulates metabolic processes in the body of animals. To do this, additives with adaptive properties attract attention.
AIM
The aim is to define a way to increase productivity using adaptogens of plant and animal origin in feeding cattle.
METHODS
In the farms of the Orenburg region and the Republic of Bashkortostan, which differ in climatic conditions, scientific and economic experiments were done on Kazakh white-headed bulls and first-calf cows of black-and-white breed, whose diet was introduced in the form of tinctures (at the rate of 0.01 ml of tincture per 1 kg of body weight), adaptogen may change (for animals of the II experimental group), drone homogenate (experimental group III), and pantocrine (experimental group IV), while the animals of group I were assigned to the control group and did not receive additives.
RESULTS
The results of the evaluation of the live weight of bulls by age periods indicate that young animals consuming plant adaptogen exceeded control peers by 18 months of age by 18.60 kg (3.72%); animal origin-by 28.50 kg (5.71%; < 0.05) and 21.00 kg (4.21%). A similar pattern was observed in cows, in which, against the background of the use of may chang, the milk yield for 305 days of lactation increased by 312 kg (5.61%; < 0.05), drone homogenate-by 726.1 kg (13.04%; < 0.001), pantocrine-by 494.4 kg (8.88%; < 0.001). In all animals participating in the experiment, blood values were within the limits of physiological norms but with a slight increase toward the upper regulatory limits in the experimental samples. There is an improvement in the qualitative composition of the final livestock products. Thus, the indicator of the biological usefulness of beef was higher in samples taken from experimental animals by 0.18-0.36 units ( ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The most significant nutritional, biological, and energy value was characterized by milk obtained from cows, in whose diet drone homogenate was introduced. Thus, the results of complex studies indicate the effectiveness of introducing adaptogens of both plant and animal nature into the diet. Still, the best effect is obtained from drone homogenate.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Male; Lactation; Milk; Diet; Animal Husbandry; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37545699
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i6.10 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... May 2024Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the dried flower bud of...
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the flowers of (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (clove tincture) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the dried flower bud of (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (clove tincture) when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The product is a ■■■■■) solution, with a dry matter content of ~ 1.66%. The product contains on average 0.511% phenolic acids (of which 0.0344% were flavonoids), 0.039% eugenol, 0.00019% methyleugenol and 0.00008% estragole. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the use of clove tincture is very unlikely to be of safety concern for the target species up to the maximum proposed use level of 50 mg clove tincture/kg complete feed for all animal species, except for horses, for which the proposed use level is 200 mg/kg complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel considers that the use in water for drinking alone or in combination with use in feed should not exceed the daily amount that is considered very unlikely to be of safety concern when consumed via feed alone. No safety concern would arise for the consumer and the environment from the use of clove tincture up to the maximum proposed use levels in feed. The additive under assessment should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. When handling the additive, exposure of unprotected users to methyleugenol and estragole may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of the users should be minimised. Since the flower buds of and their preparations were recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same, no demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
PubMed: 38756347
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8791 -
Bioactive Materials Feb 2024Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common clinical condition, affecting over 200 million people globally each year. For decades, Minoxidil (Mi) tincture has been the...
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common clinical condition, affecting over 200 million people globally each year. For decades, Minoxidil (Mi) tincture has been the primary treatment for this disease, but its low utilization rate and significant side effects necessitate new therapeutic strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, including vasodilation, immune responses, and cell proliferation. Herein, we constructed a hyaluronic acid liposome (HL) complex as a novel transdermal delivery system (HL@Mi/NONOate) for NO and Mi, which displayed promising transdermal and hair-regrowth effects. In-depth mechanistic studies revealed three potential pathways of the synergistic AGA therapy. First, NO promoted capillary dilation and accelerated blood flow, thus achieving efficient penetration of Mi. Due to the structural advantage of liposomes, the residence time of the Mi in the skin was prolonged. Moreover, HL@Mi/NONOate promoted cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and upregulated the expression of regulatory factors involved in follicle stem cell differentiation. In the AGA model, HL@Mi/NONOate down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the inflammation of follicle and improving the microenvironment of hair regrowth. Concurrently, HL@Mi/NONOate upregulated the expression of Ki67 and PCNA proteins in follicle tissues, inducing follicle regeneration and development, ultimately achieving the synergistic multimodal AGA therapy.
PubMed: 37859688
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.021 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Apr 2024Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the dried fruit of...
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the dried fruit of (Turcz.) Baill. (omicha tincture) for poultry, horses, dogs and cats (FEFANA asbl).
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the dried fruit of (Turcz.) Baill. (omicha tincture), when used as a sensory additive in feed for horses, cats, dogs, and in feed and in water for drinking for poultry. The product is a water/ethanol (55:45 v/v) solution, with a dry matter content of not more than 4% (w/w) and a content of 0.01%-0.15% (w/w) for the sum of schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that omicha tincture is safe at the following concentrations in complete feed: 16 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 12 mg/kg for chickens for fattening and other poultry for fattening or reared for laying/reproduction, 18 mg/kg for laying hens and other laying/reproductive birds, 56 mg/kg for dogs and 47 mg/kg for horses and cats. The additive is considered safe for consumers when used up to the highest safe level in feed for poultry species and horses. Omicha tincture should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes, and as dermal and respiratory sensitisers. The use of omicha tincture as a flavour in feed for poultry species and horses was not considered to be a risk to the environment. Since it was recognised that the fruit of can influence sensory properties of feedingstuffs, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary for the tincture under assessment.
PubMed: 38601870
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8731 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Apr 2024Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the roots of C.A.Mey....
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the roots of C.A.Mey. (ginseng tincture), when used as a sensory additive in feed for horses, dogs and cats. The product is a water/ethanol (40:60 v/v) solution, with a dry matter content of no more than 6% and a content of 0.01%-0.5% (w/w) for the sum of the two triterpene saponins ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the tincture is safe for horses, dogs and cats at the maximum proposed use level of 48.6, 228.7 and 162 mg/kg complete feed, respectively. The Panel also concluded that the additive is considered safe for consumers when used at the proposed conditions of use in feed for horses. Ginseng tincture should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The use of the ginseng tincture as a flavour in feed for horses was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since the roots of and its preparations were recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same, no demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
PubMed: 38591023
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8730 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Jul 2023Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the buds of L. (pine...
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the buds of L. (pine tincture) when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The product under assessment is a ■■■■■ solution, with a dry matter content of ~ 2.2%. The product contains on average 0.0882% polyphenols, of which 0.0222% are phenolic acids. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that pine tincture is safe at the maximum proposed use level of 50 mg/kg complete feed for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel considers that the use in water for drinking alone or in combination with use in feed should not exceed the daily amount that is considered safe when consumed via feed alone. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of pine tincture up to the maximum proposed use level in feed. Pine tincture should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The use of pine tincture in animal feed was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since twigs of , which are considered similar in composition to the source material for the production of pine tincture, are described to flavour food, no further demonstration of efficacy is deemed necessary.
PubMed: 37502016
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8181 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Dec 2023Teucrium hyrcanicum L. (family Lamiaceae) is widely distributed in the North and Northwest of Iran. It has been used in the form of tea, tonic, and tincture for the...
Isolation and structure elucidation of the compounds from Teucrium hyrcanicum L. and the investigation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.
BACKGROUND
Teucrium hyrcanicum L. (family Lamiaceae) is widely distributed in the North and Northwest of Iran. It has been used in the form of tea, tonic, and tincture for the treatment of various diseases such as cough, rheumatism, and fever.
METHODS
In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract and different fractions of T. hyrcanicum were measured. Furthermore, the potential ability of T. hyrcanicum to protect against HO-induced oxidative stress was tested on the NIH3T3 cell line. Then, the isolation and structure elucidation of the compounds were performed on the most potent fractions. Finally, the quantification of isolated compounds in methanol extract (ME) was done by the HPLC method. Isolated phytochemicals were assessed for the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.
RESULTS
The results indicated that the methanol fraction (MF) had the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents (69.36 mg GAE/g extract and 68.95 mg QE/g extract). The highest radical scavenging activities were observed from MF and ME (IC 44.32 and 61.12 μg.ml, respectively). The best cytotoxicity was obtained by ethyl acetate fraction (EF) against A431 and MCF7 cell lines (IC values of 235.4and 326.6 μg.ml, respectively). The pretreatment with MF exerts the highest reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation (IC 2.51 μM, p < 0.001) compared to the HO group (5.77 μM). Also, MF significantly inhibited HO-induced Glutathione (GSH) oxidation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, two phenolic compounds, acteoside and quercetin, were isolated and identified in MF and EF, respectively. The IC values of acteoside and quercetin in the DPPH assay were 7.19 and 5.56 µg.ml, respectively. Both quercetin and acteoside significantly reduced the MDA formation and inhibited GSH oxidation, which was comparable with BHA (as a standard antioxidant) (p < 0.05). Acteoside demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines (IC = 32 to 145 μg.ml). The HPLC quantification of isolated compounds revealed that the quantity of acteoside and quercetin in ME were 93.31 and 16.87 μg.mg, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The isolated compounds (quercetin and acteoside) had significant antioxidant activities and revealed a protective effect on HO-induced oxidative stress which was comparable with BHA.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antioxidants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Quercetin; Teucrium; Methanol; NIH 3T3 Cells; Plant Extracts; Oxidative Stress; Flavonoids; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38087220
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04262-8