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Microorganisms Jun 2021Tributyrin and essential oils have been used as alternatives to antimicrobials to improve gut health and growth performance in piglets. This study was to evaluate the...
Tributyrin and essential oils have been used as alternatives to antimicrobials to improve gut health and growth performance in piglets. This study was to evaluate the effects of a dietary supplement with two encapsulated products containing different combinations of tributyrin with oregano or with methyl salicylate on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters related to the physiological status, intestinal microbiota and metabolites of piglets. A total of 108 weaned crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace, 21 ± 1 d, 8.21 ± 0.04 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Piglets were fed with one of the following diets for 5 weeks: a basal diet as the control (CON); the control diet supplemented with an encapsulated mixture containing 30% of methyl salicylate and tributyrin at a dosage of 3 kg/t (CMT); and the control diet supplemented with an encapsulated mixture containing 30% of oregano oil and tributyrin at a dosage of 3 kg/t (COT). At the end of the feeding trial, six piglets from each group were slaughtered to collect blood and gut samples for physiological status and gut microbiological analysis. The study found that the CMT group was larger in feed intake (FI) ( < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG) ( = 0.09), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) ( < 0.05), blood total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) ( < 0.05), and crypt depth in the ileum ( < 0.05) compared with the CON group. The genus abundance of and in the CMT group was significantly decreased compared with the CON group. The CMT group also resulted in significantly higher activity in amino acid metabolism and arginine biosynthesis compared with the CON group. The COT group was larger in T-AOC, and the genus abundance of and was significantly increased in the ileum compared with the CON group. Data analysis found a significantly high correlation between the genus abundance of and that of in the ileum. The genus abundance of was also positively correlated with the sorbitol level. In general, the results indicated that the supplementation of both encapsulated mixtures in diet of weaned piglets could improve the animal blood antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the encapsulated mixture of methyl salicylate plus tributyrin improved the growth performance and resulted in certain corresponding changes in nutrient metabolism and in the genus abundance of ileum microbial community.
PubMed: 34205785
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061342 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Aug 2023For many years, the role of the microbiome in tumor progression, particularly the tumor microbiome, was largely overlooked. The connection between the tumor microbiome...
Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and machine learning reveal oncogenome associated microbiome plays an important role in tumor immunity and prognosis in pan-cancer.
BACKGROUND
For many years, the role of the microbiome in tumor progression, particularly the tumor microbiome, was largely overlooked. The connection between the tumor microbiome and the tumor genome still requires further investigation.
METHODS
The TCGA microbiome and genome data were obtained from Haziza et al.'s article and UCSC Xena database, respectively. Separate WGCNA networks were constructed for the tumor microbiome and genomic data after filtering the datasets. Correlation analysis between the microbial and mRNA modules was conducted to identify oncogenome associated microbiome module (OAM) modules, with three microbial modules selected for each tumor type. Reactome analysis was used to enrich biological processes. Machine learning techniques were implemented to explore the tumor type-specific enrichment and prognostic value of OAM, as well as the ability of the tumor microbiome to differentiate TP53 mutations.
RESULTS
We constructed a total of 182 tumor microbiome and 570 mRNA WGCNA modules. Our results show that there is a correlation between tumor microbiome and tumor genome. Gene enrichment analysis results suggest that the genes in the mRNA module with the highest correlation with the tumor microbiome group are mainly enriched in infection, transcriptional regulation by TP53 and antigen presentation. The correlation analysis of OAM with CD8+ T cells or TAM1 cells suggests the existence of many microbiota that may be involved in tumor immune suppression or promotion, such as Williamsia in breast cancer, Biostraticola in stomach cancer, Megasphaera in cervical cancer and Lottiidibacillus in ovarian cancer. In addition, the results show that the microbiome-genome prognostic model has good predictive value for short-term prognosis. The analysis of tumor TP53 mutations shows that tumor microbiota has a certain ability to distinguish TP53 mutations, with an AUROC value of 0.755. The tumor microbiota with high importance scores are Corallococcus, Bacillus and Saezia. Finally, we identified a potential anti-cancer microbiota, Tissierella, which has been shown to be associated with improved prognosis in tumors including breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION
There is an association between the tumor microbiome and the tumor genome, and the existence of this association is not accidental and could change the landscape of tumor research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Prognosis; Gene Regulatory Networks; Breast Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 37573394
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04411-0 -
Microorganisms Oct 2021Chemicals of emerging concern (CEC) in pig farm breeding wastewater, such as antibiotics, will soon pose a serious threat to public health. It is therefore essential to...
Chemicals of emerging concern (CEC) in pig farm breeding wastewater, such as antibiotics, will soon pose a serious threat to public health. It is therefore essential to consider improving the treatment efficiency of piggery wastewater in terms of microorganisms. In order to optimize the overall piggery wastewater treatment system from the perspective of the bacterial community structure and its response to environmental factors, five samples were randomly taken from each area of a piggery's wastewater treatment system using a random sampling method. The bacterial communities' composition and their correlation with wastewater quality were then analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial community composition of each treatment unit was similar. However, differences in abundance were significant, and the bacterial community structure gradually changed with the process. showed more adaptability to an anaerobic environment than , and the abundance of in anaerobic zones was low. The abundance of (39.02%) and (20.6%) in the inlet was significantly higher than it was in the aerobic zone and the anoxic zone ( < 0.05). is a key functional microbial group in a wastewater treatment system, and it is a dominant microbial group in activated sludge. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) had the greatest impact on bacterial community structure. Total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), PH and COD contents were significantly negatively correlated with , and , and significantly positively correlated with and . These results offer basic data and theoretical support for optimizing livestock wastewater treatment systems using bacterial community structures.
PubMed: 34683455
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102134 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022In this study, bioleaching was carried out for the recovery of metals (copper, zinc, tin, lead, gold and silver) from printed circuit boards residues (PCBs), one of the...
In this study, bioleaching was carried out for the recovery of metals (copper, zinc, tin, lead, gold and silver) from printed circuit boards residues (PCBs), one of the most important wastes from electrical and electronic equipment, using an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterial consortium enriched with minerals from a gold mine in the Arequipa region, Peru. High-throughput sequencing and analysis of the 16S rRNA biomarker revealed that this consortium was predominantly composed of and bacteria, from which the latter is known to grow by chemolithotrophy through iron oxidation. After the enrichment process, the acidophilic iron-oxidizing consortium was first tested for its tolerance to different PCBs concentrations, showing best growth up to 10 g/L of PCBs and a tolerance index of 0.383. Based on these results, the bioleaching efficiency of the consortium was investigated for 10 g/L of PCBs in stirred tank reactors coupled to an aeration system, for 18 days. High bioleaching efficiencies were achieved for copper and zinc (69% and 91%, respectively), indicating that these two metals can be easily extracted in this leaching system. Lower extraction efficiencies were achieved for tin (16%) and gold (28%), while for lead and silver only a residual recovery (<0.25%) was detected. These results indicate that the enriched bacterial consortium originating from the Arequipa region, Peru, has a high capacity to recover different metals of economic importance.
PubMed: 35200431
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020079 -
Cureus Apr 2022is a gram negative anaerobe with few documented cases of human infections. This case illustrates a patient who was admitted for infected chronic sacral and ischial...
is a gram negative anaerobe with few documented cases of human infections. This case illustrates a patient who was admitted for infected chronic sacral and ischial decubitus wounds. BACT/ALERT blood culture system using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, USA) was employed ultimately identifying as the causative organism. The suspected source of the pathogen was presumed to be from his infected decubitus wounds.
PubMed: 35509737
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23745 -
Heliyon Nov 2023is a unique traditional Icelandic product and is obtained by fermenting and drying Greenland shark (). However, little is known about the chemical and microbial changes...
is a unique traditional Icelandic product and is obtained by fermenting and drying Greenland shark (). However, little is known about the chemical and microbial changes occurring during the process. In this small-scale industrial study, fresh and frozen shark meat was fermented for eight and seven weeks, respectively, and then dried for five weeks. During the fermentation, trimethylamine -oxide levels decreased to below the limit of detection within five weeks and pH increased from about 6 to 9. Simultaneously, trimethylamine and dimethylamine levels increased significantly. Total viable plate counts, and specific spoilage organisms increased during the first weeks of the fermentation period but decreased during drying. Culture-independent analyses (16S rRNA) revealed gradual shifts in the bacterial community structure as fermentation progressed, dividing the fermentation process into three distinct phases but stayed rather similar throughout the drying process. During the first three weeks of fermentation, was dominant in the fresh group, compared to in the frozen group. However, as the fermentation progressed, the groups became more alike with , and being dominant. The PCA analysis done on the chemical variables and 16S rRNA analysis variables confirmed the correlation between high concentrations of TMAO and and at the initial fermentation phase. During the final fermentation phase, correlation was detected between high concentrations of TMA/DMA and , and . The results indicate the possibility to shortening the fermentation period and it is suggested that the microbial community can potentially be standardized with starter cultures to gain an optimal fermentation procedure.
PubMed: 38074871
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22127 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2022Non-human primates harbour diverse microbiomes in their guts. As a part of the China Microbiome Initiatives, we cultivated and characterized the gut microbiome of...
Non-human primates harbour diverse microbiomes in their guts. As a part of the China Microbiome Initiatives, we cultivated and characterized the gut microbiome of cynomolgus monkeys (). In this report, we communicate the characterization and taxonomy of eight bacterial strains that were obtained from faecal samples of captive cynomolgus monkeys. The results revealed that they represented eight novel bacterial species. The proposed names of the eight novel species are (type strain MSJ-5=CGMCC 1.45007=KCTC 15974), MSJd-7 (MSJd-7=CGMCC 1.45013=KCTC 25112), (MSJ-11=CGMCC 1.45009=KCTC 25065), (MSJ-4=CGMCC 1.45006=KCTC 15975), (MSJ-2=CGMCC 1.32896=KCTC 15976), MSJ-6 (MSJ-6=CGMCC 1.45008=KCTC 15973), (MSJ-1=CGMCC 1.31770=KCTC 15977) and (MSJ-40=CGMCC 1.45012=KCTC 25071).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Clostridium; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Haplorhini; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35258450
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005276 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2023Marine environments are a repository for metals, and humans have enhanced this phenomenon over the years. Heavy metals are notoriously toxic due to their ability to...
Marine environments are a repository for metals, and humans have enhanced this phenomenon over the years. Heavy metals are notoriously toxic due to their ability to biomagnify in the food chain and interact with cellular components. Nevertheless, some bacteria have physiological mechanisms that enable them to survive in impacted environments. This characteristic makes them important as biotechnological tools for environmental remediation. Thus, we isolated a bacterial consortium in Guanabara Bay (Brazil), a place with a long metal pollution history. To test the growth efficiency of this consortium in Cu-Zn-Pb-Ni-Cd medium, we measured the activity of key enzymes of microbial activity (esterases and dehydrogenase) under acidic (4.0) and neutral pH conditions, as well as the number of living cells, biopolymer production, and changes in microbial composition during metal exposure. Additionally, we calculated the predicted physiology based on microbial taxonomy. During the assay, a slight modification in bacterial composition was observed, with low abundance changes and little production of carbohydrates. Oceanobacillus chironomi, Halolactibacillus miurensis, and Alkaliphilus oremlandii were predominant in pH 7, despite O. chironomi and Tissierella creatinophila in pH 4, and T. creatinophila in Cu-Zn-Pb-Ni-Cd treatment. The metabolism represented by esterases and dehydrogenase enzymes suggested bacterial investment in esterases to capture nutrients and meet the energy demand in an environment with metal stress. Their metabolism potentially shifted to chemoheterotrophy and recycling nitrogenous compounds. Moreover, concomitantly, bacteria produced more lipids and proteins, suggesting extracellular polymeric substance production and growth in a metal-stressed environment. The isolated consortium showed promise for bioremediation of multimetal contamination and could be a valuable tool in future bioremediation programs.
Topics: Humans; Cadmium; Biomass; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Esterases; Oxidoreductases; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37212983
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00993-5 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Dietary copper supplementation in the feed of piglets generally exceeds 250-800 mg/kg, where a higher quantity (>250 mg/kg) can promote growth and improve feed...
Dietary copper supplementation in the feed of piglets generally exceeds 250-800 mg/kg, where a higher quantity (>250 mg/kg) can promote growth and improve feed conversion. Despite the reported positive effects, 90% of copper is excreted and can accumulate and pollute the soil. Data indicate that fungi have a biosorptive capacity for copper. Thus, the objectives of the present experiment were to study the effects of adding different strains of fungi on the biosorptive capacity for copper in swine manure and to evaluate potential effects on microbiota profiles. (AN), (AO), and (SC) were selected, and each added 0.4% into swine manure, which contain 250 mg/kg of copper. The incubations lasted for 29 days, and biosorption parameters were analyzed on the 8th (D8), 15th (D15), 22nd (D22), and 29th (D29) day. Results showed that after biosorption, temperature was 18.47-18.77°C; pH was 6.33-6.91; and content of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and deoxynivalenol were low. In addition, residual copper concentration with AN was the lowest on D15, D22, and D29. The copper biosorption rate was also highest with AN, averaging 84.85% on D29. Biosorption values for AO reached 81.12% and for SC were lower than 80%. Illumina sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA gene revealed that fungal treatments reduced the diversity and richness of fungal abundance, but had no effect on bacterial abundance. , , , and were the dominant bacteria, while and were the dominant fungi. However, the added strain of was observed to be lower than the dominant fungi, which contained less than 0.05%. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment predicted PICRUSt2 that there were bacterial genes potentially related to various aspects of metabolism and environmental information processing. Overall, data indicated that can provide microbial materials for adsorption of copper.
PubMed: 34475858
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687533 -
Cureus Sep 2023is a rare gram-variable bacillus that naturally occurs in the environment and is pathogenic in humans with chronic infections. We report the case of a 45-year-old man...
is a rare gram-variable bacillus that naturally occurs in the environment and is pathogenic in humans with chronic infections. We report the case of a 45-year-old man with a history of chronic osteomyelitis of the left tibia and recurrent bacteremia secondary to intravenous drug use (IVDU). He had previously received multiple partially completed courses of antibiotics over the past one year. Blood cultures demonstrated polymicrobial infection, including and methicillin-sensitive managed with parenteral beta-lactams, and the subsequent first surveillance cultures remained sterile. Medical literature on human infections with is limited due to its rare occurrence. Most cases have reported sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics, making them an antibiotic of choice. infections should prompt a search for additional underlying infectious foci and treatment of any additional co-infecting microbes.
PubMed: 37818513
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44962