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Journal of Animal Science Aug 2020Cultured meat grown in vitro from animal cells has the potential to address many of the ethical, environmental, and public health issues associated with conventional... (Review)
Review
Cultured meat grown in vitro from animal cells has the potential to address many of the ethical, environmental, and public health issues associated with conventional meat production. However, as well as overcoming technical challenges to producing cultured meat, producers and advocates of the technology must consider a range of social issues, including consumer appeal and acceptance, media coverage, religious status, regulation, and potential economic impacts. Whilst much has been written on the prospects for consumer appeal and acceptance of cultured meat, less consideration has been given to the other aspects of the social world that will interact with this new technology. Here, each of these issues is considered in turn, forming a view of cultured meat as a technology with a diverse set of societal considerations and far-reaching social implications. It is argued that the potential gains from a transition to cultured meat are vast, but that cultural phenomena and institutions must be navigated carefully for this nascent industry to meet its potential.
Topics: Animals; Consumer Behavior; Culture; Food Preferences; Food Technology; Humans; Meat; Tissue Culture Techniques
PubMed: 32745186
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa172 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Salivary glands are branching organs which develop by bud and cleft formation to create an organ with a large surface area. The epithelium and mesenchyme signal back and...
Salivary glands are branching organs which develop by bud and cleft formation to create an organ with a large surface area. The epithelium and mesenchyme signal back and forth to control this branching process, with additional cues provided by the parasympathetic nerves and blood vessels that surround the developing branches. This branching morphogenesis can be recapitulated successfully in organ culture , allowing access to the tissue to follow development and manipulate the tissue interactions, and signals. To culture glands, the filter-grid method has been widely used, allowing the development of salivary glands cultured as a whole organ, or the gland epithelium in isolation, or with the surrounding craniofacial tissue in a cranial slice. Here, we describe the methods for each approach and show the applicability of culturing glands from a wide variety of species: mouse , snake, and human. The resulting samples and data from these cultures can be employed for morphological and molecular analysis, with some examples described in this chapter, bringing valuable knowledge to our understanding of branching morphogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Mesoderm; Mice; Morphogenesis; Organ Culture Techniques; Salivary Glands; Submandibular Gland
PubMed: 34913130
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1847-9_19 -
Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006) 2016In food science the term 'phytochemicals' includes a variety of plant ingredients with different structures that are capable of health-promoting effects. Phytonutrients...
In food science the term 'phytochemicals' includes a variety of plant ingredients with different structures that are capable of health-promoting effects. Phytonutrients are natural substances but are not called nutrients in the traditional sense, since they are synthesized by plants neither in energy metabolism nor in anabolic or catabolic metabolism, but only in specific cell types. They differ from primary plant compounds in that they are not essential to the plant. Phytonutrients perform important tasks in the secondary metabolism of plants as repellents to pests and sunlight as well as growth regulators. They occur only in low concentrations and usually have a pharmacological effect. Since antiquity, these effects have been used in naturopathy in the form of medicinal herbs, spices, teas, and foods. With the development of highly sensitive analytical methods, a variety of these substances could be identified. These phytochemicals may have health benefits or adverse health effects, depending on the dosage. In the past, these effects were studied in cell and tissue cultures as well as in animal models. Meanwhile there are numerous epidemiological data that point to the extensive health potential of phytochemicals in humans. A high dietary intake of phytochemicals with vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, and whole grain is associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular and other diseases.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cultural Characteristics; Diet, Vegetarian; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; Europe; Health Promotion; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Phytochemicals; Public Health; United States
PubMed: 27160996
DOI: 10.1159/000444063 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 2023The immune system is a complex network of cells with critical functions in health and disease. However, a comprehensive census of the cells comprising the immune system...
The immune system is a complex network of cells with critical functions in health and disease. However, a comprehensive census of the cells comprising the immune system is lacking. Here, we estimated the abundance of the primary immune cell types throughout all tissues in the human body. We conducted a literature survey and integrated data from multiplexed imaging and methylome-based deconvolution. We also considered cellular mass to determine the distribution of immune cells in terms of both number and total mass. Our results indicate that the immune system of a reference 73 kg man consists of 1.8 × 10 cells (95% CI 1.5-2.3 × 10), weighing 1.2 kg (95% CI 0.8-1.9). Lymphocytes constitute 40% of the total number of immune cells and 15% of the mass and are mainly located in the lymph nodes and spleen. Neutrophils account for similar proportions of both the number and total mass of immune cells, with most neutrophils residing in the bone marrow. Macrophages, present in most tissues, account for 10% of immune cells but contribute nearly 50% of the total cellular mass due to their large size. The quantification of immune cells within the human body presented here can serve to understand the immune function better and facilitate quantitative modeling of this vital system.
Topics: Male; Humans; Human Body; Lymphocytes; Lymph Nodes; Spleen; Macrophages
PubMed: 37871201
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308511120 -
Progress in Transplantation (Aliso... Sep 2003From the social sciences, we know the space between life and death is historically and culturally constructed, fluid and open to dispute. The definition of death has... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
From the social sciences, we know the space between life and death is historically and culturally constructed, fluid and open to dispute. The definition of death has cultural, legal, and political dimensions. As healthcare becomes more culturally diverse, the interface between culture and the delivery of healthcare will increase. In our increasingly pluralistic, interdependent society, there is a growing demand to integrate healthcare, including transplantation, into a broader context that respects both individual and cultural diversity. It is important that we first consider and explore what elements of Western healthcare practices including definitions and advances, such as brain death and organ donation, are culturally influenced. This article highlights some of the cultural influences on brain death by focusing on Western and Japanese perspectives on the permissibility of organ procurement from brain-dead persons. It also offers 4 recommendations for healthcare workers working cross-culturally.
Topics: Attitude to Death; Attitude to Health; Brain Death; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cultural Diversity; Decision Making; Family; Humans; Japan; Negotiating; Organ Transplantation; Time Factors; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Western World
PubMed: 14558636
DOI: 10.1177/152692480301300308 -
American Journal of Surgery Mar 1947
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Research Design; Tissues
PubMed: 20289070
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(47)90341-3 -
Nature May 1948
Topics: Research Design; Tissues
PubMed: 18860286
DOI: 10.1038/161768b0 -
Annals of Surgery Mar 1949
Topics: Blood Vessels; Humans; Refrigeration; Research Design; Tissues
PubMed: 18128983
DOI: No ID Found -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Aug 2002
Topics: Cultural Characteristics; Female; Humans; Hymen; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 12555459
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Feb 2016Cross-cultural differences in pain sensitivity have been identified in pain-free subjects as well as in chronic pain patients. The aim was to assess the impact of...
Cross-cultural differences in pain sensitivity have been identified in pain-free subjects as well as in chronic pain patients. The aim was to assess the impact of culture on psychophysical measures using mechanical and electrical stimuli in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain and pain-free matched controls in three cultures. This case-control study compared 122 female cases of chronic TMD pain (39 Saudis, 41 Swedes and 42 Italians) with equal numbers of age- and gender-matched TMD-free controls. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) and tolerance (PPTo) were measured over one hand and two masticatory muscles. Electrical perception threshold and electrical pain threshold (EPT) and tolerance (EPTo) were recorded between the thumb and index fingers. Italian females reported significantly lower PPT in the masseter muscle than other cultures (P < 0.001) and in the temporalis muscle than Saudis (P = 0.003). Swedes reported significantly higher PPT in the thenar muscle than other cultures (P = 0.017). Italians reported significantly lower PPTo in all muscles than Swedes (P ≤ 0.006) and in the masseter muscle than Saudis (P < 0.001). Italians reported significantly lower EPTo than other cultures (P = 0.01). Temporomandibular disorder cases, compared to TMD-free controls, reported lower PPT and PPTo in all the three muscles (P < 0.001). This study found cultural differences between groups in the PPT, PPTo and EPTo. Overall, Italian females reported the highest sensitivity to both mechanical and electrical stimulation, while Swedes reported the lowest sensitivity. Mechanical pain thresholds differed more across cultures than did electrical pain thresholds. Cultural factors may influence response to type of pain test.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Humans; Italy; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Saudi Arabia; Sweden; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 26371794
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12346