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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022The objective was to determine whether trauma in primary dentition causes alterations in the development of permanent dentition. Searches were made in May 2020 using... (Review)
Review
The objective was to determine whether trauma in primary dentition causes alterations in the development of permanent dentition. Searches were made in May 2020 using PubMed, MEDLINE, MEDES, Scopus, Lilacs, and Embase. Papers in English, German, and Spanish, without restrictions in the year of publication, were included. The quality of the studies was analyzed using the NOS Scale. The search retrieved 537 references, and seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis. The results showed that trauma to a deciduous tooth can damage the bud of the permanent tooth. Enamel discoloration and/or hypoplasia were the most common sequelae in the permanent teeth after trauma to the primary predecessor. The type and severity of sequelae in the permanent tooth are associated with the development phase of the bud. Children with trauma of their primary teeth should receive checkups until the eruption of the permanent teeth for the early diagnosis and treatment of possible sequelae. Intrusion of the primary tooth was the trauma that caused the most damage and enamel alterations the most frequent sequelae.
Topics: Child; Humans; Dentition, Permanent; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Deciduous; Spain; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 35055575
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020754 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2021Crowded teeth develop when there is not enough space in the jaws into which the teeth can erupt. Crowding can affect baby teeth (deciduous dentititon), adult teeth... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Crowded teeth develop when there is not enough space in the jaws into which the teeth can erupt. Crowding can affect baby teeth (deciduous dentititon), adult teeth (permanent dentition), or both, and is a common reason for referral to an orthodontist. Crowded teeth can affect a child's self-esteem and quality of life. Early loss of baby teeth as a result of tooth decay or trauma, can lead to crowded permanent teeth. Crowding tends to increase with age, especially in the lower jaw.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of orthodontic intervention for preventing or correcting crowded teeth in children. To test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in outcomes between different orthodontic interventions for preventing or correcting crowded teeth in children.
SEARCH METHODS
Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched four bibliographic databases up to 11 January 2021 and used additional search methods to identify published, unpublished and ongoing studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any active interventions to prevent or correct dental crowding in children and adolescents, such as orthodontic braces or extractions, compared to no or delayed treatment, placebo treatment or another active intervention. The studies had to include at least 80% of participants aged 16 years and under.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors, independently and in duplicate, extracted information regarding methods, participants, interventions, outcomes, harms and results. We resolved any disagreements by liaising with a third review author. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the risk of bias in the studies. We calculated mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for continuous data and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for dichotomous data. We undertook meta-analysis when studies of similar comparisons reported comparable outcome measures, using the random-effects model. We used the I statistic as a measure of statistical heterogeneity.
MAIN RESULTS
Our search identified 24 RCTs that included 1512 participants, 1314 of whom were included in analyses. We assessed 23 studies as being at high risk of bias and one as unclear. The studies investigated 17 comparisons. Twenty studies evaluated fixed appliances and auxiliaries (lower lingual arch, lower lip bumper, brackets, archwires, lacebacks, headgear and adjunctive vibrational appliances); two studies evaluated removable appliances and auxiliaries (Schwarz appliance, eruption guidance appliance); and two studies evaluated dental extractions (lower deciduous canines or third molars). The evidence should be interpreted cautiously as it is of very low certainty. Most interventions were evaluated by a single study. Fixed appliances and auxiliaries One study found that use of a lip bumper may reduce crowding in the early permanent dentition (MD -4.39 mm, 95% CI -5.07 to -3.71; 34 participants). One study evaluated lower lingual arch but did not measure amount of crowding. One study concluded that coaxial nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires may cause more tooth movement in the lower arch than single-stranded NiTi archwires (MD 6.77 mm, 95% CI 5.55 to 7.99; 24 participants). Another study, comparing copper NiTi versus NiTi archwires, found NiTi to be more effective for reducing crowding (MD 0.49 mm, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.63, 66 participants). Single studies did not show evidence of one type of archwire being better than another for Titinol versus Nitinol; nickel-titanium versus stainless steel or multistrand stainless steel; and multistranded stainless steel versus stainless steel. Nor did single studies find evidence of a difference in amount of crowding between self-ligating and conventional brackets, active and passive self-ligating brackets, lacebacks added to fixed appliances versus fixed appliances alone, or cervical pull headgear versus minor interceptive procedures. Meta-analysis of two studies showed no evidence that adding vibrational appliances to fixed appliances reduces crowding at 8 to 10 weeks (MD 0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.81 to 1.30; 119 participants). Removable appliances and auxiliaries One study found use of the Schwarz appliance may be effective at treating dental crowding in the lower arch (MD -2.14 mm, 95% CI -2.79 to -1.49; 28 participants). Another study found an eruption guidance appliance may reduce the number of children with crowded teeth after one year of treatment (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.68; 46 participants); however, this may have been due to an increase in lower incisor proclination in the treated group. Whether these gains were maintained in the longer term was not assessed. Dental extractions One study found that extracting children's lower deciduous canines had more effect on crowding after one year than no treatment (MD -4.76 mm, 95 CI -6.24 to -3.28; 83 participants), but this was alongside a reduction in arch length. One study found that extracting wisdom teeth did not seem to reduce crowding any more than leaving them in the mouth (MD -0.30 mm, 95% CI -1.30 to 0.70; 77 participants).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Most interventions were assessed by single, small studies. We found very low-certainty evidence that lip bumper, used in the mixed dentition, may be effective for preventing crowding in the early permanent dentition, and a Schwarz appliance may reduce crowding in the lower arch. We also found very low-certainty evidence that coaxial NiTi may be better at reducing crowding than single-stranded NiTi, and that NiTi may be better than copper NiTi. As the current evidence is of very low certainty, our findings may change with future research.
Topics: Adolescent; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Orthodontic Brackets
PubMed: 34970995
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003453.pub2 -
Head & Face Medicine Mar 2018Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disease defined as incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption pathway. Orthodontic extrusion is not...
BACKGROUND
Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disease defined as incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption pathway. Orthodontic extrusion is not feasible in this case because it results in ankylosis of teeth. To the best of our knowledge, besides the study of Ahmad et al. (Eur J Orthod 28:535-540, 2006), no study has systematically analysed the clinical features of and factors associated with PFE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the current literature (from 2006 to 2017) for new insights and developments on the aetiology, diagnosis, genetics, and treatment options of PFE.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the PubMed/Medline database for studies reporting on PFE. The following terms were used: "primary failure of tooth eruption", "primary failure of eruption", "tooth eruption failure", and "PFE".
RESULTS
Overall, 17 articles reporting clinical data of 314 patients were identified. In all patients, the molars were affected. In 81 reported cases, both the molars and the premolars were affected by PFE. Further, 38 patients' primary teeth were also affected. In 27 patients, no family members were affected. Additional dental anomalies were observed in 39 patients. A total of 51 different variants of the PTH1R gene associated with PFE were recorded.
CONCLUSIONS
Infraocclusion of the posterior teeth, especially if both sides are affected, is the hallmark of PFE. If a patient is affected by PFE, all teeth distal to the most mesial tooth are also affected by PFE. Primary teeth can also be impacted; however, this may not necessarily occur. If a patient is suspected of having PFE, a genetic test for mutation in the PTH1R gene should be recommended prior to any orthodontic treatment to avoid ankylosis. Treatment options depend on the patient's age and the clinical situation, and they must be evaluated individually.
Topics: Age Factors; Bicuspid; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Male; Molar; Orthodontic Extrusion; Radiography, Panoramic; Sex Factors; Tooth Ankylosis; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Deciduous; Tooth, Unerupted
PubMed: 29544499
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0163-7 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2021A dentigerous cyst (DC) is a pathology embracing the crown of an unerupted tooth at risk of malignant transformation. The causal tooth is usually removed together with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A dentigerous cyst (DC) is a pathology embracing the crown of an unerupted tooth at risk of malignant transformation. The causal tooth is usually removed together with the cyst. However, if there are orthodontic contraindications for extraction, two questions arise. (1) Which factors favor spontaneous eruption? (2) Which factors imply the necessity of applying orthodontic traction? This systematic review aimed to identify factors conducive/inconducive to the spontaneous eruption of teeth after dentigerous cyst marsupialization.
METHODS
In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the main research question was defined in the PICO format (P: patients with dentigerous cysts; I: spontaneous tooth eruption after surgical DC treatment; C: lack of a spontaneous tooth eruption after surgical DC treatment; O: determining factors potentially influencing spontaneous tooth eruption). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for keywords combining dentigerous/odontogenic/follicular cysts with teeth and/or orthodontics, as well as human teeth and eruption patterns/intervals/periods/durations. The following data were extracted from the qualified articles (4 out of 3005 found initially): the rate of tooth eruption after surgical treatment of the cyst, the age and sex of the patients, the perpendicular projection distance between the top of the tooth cusp and the edge of the alveolar process, tooth angulation, the root formation stage, the cyst area, and the eruption space. The articles were subjected to risk of bias and quality analyses with the ROBINS-I protocol and the modified Newcastle-Ottawa QAS, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed with both fixed and random effects models. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO under ID CRD42020189044.
RESULTS
Nearly 62% of DC-associated premolars erupted spontaneously after cyst marsupialization/decompression. Young age (mean = 10 years) and root formation not exceeding 1/2 of its fully developed length were the factors likely to favor spontaneous eruption.
CONCLUSION
The small number of published studies, as well as their heterogeneity and the critical risk of bias, did not allow the creation of evidence-based protocols for managing teeth with DC after marsupialization. More high-quality research is needed to draw more reliable conclusions.
Topics: Bicuspid; Child; Dentigerous Cyst; Humans; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Impacted; Tooth, Unerupted
PubMed: 33827533
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01542-y -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... May 2023A failure of maxillary incisor eruption is commonly attributed to the presence of a supernumerary tooth. This systematic review aimed to assess the percentage of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
A failure of maxillary incisor eruption is commonly attributed to the presence of a supernumerary tooth. This systematic review aimed to assess the percentage of impacted maxillary incisors that successfully erupt after surgical removal of supernumerary teeth with or without other interventions.
METHODS
Systematic literature searches without restrictions were undertaken in 8 databases for studies reporting any intervention aimed at facilitating incisor eruption, including surgical removal of the supernumerary alone or in conjunction with additional interventions published up to September 2022. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions and Newcastle-Ottawa scale, random-effects meta-analyses of aggregate data were conducted.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies (14 retrospective and 1 prospective) were included with 1058 participants (68.9% male; mean age, 9.1 years). The pooled eruption prevalence for removal of the supernumerary tooth with space creation or removal of the supernumerary tooth with orthodontic traction was significantly higher at 82.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.5-93.2) and 96.9% (95% CI, 83.8-99.9) respectively, compared with removal of an associated supernumerary only (57.6%; 95% CI, 47.8-67.0). The odds of successful eruption of an impacted maxillary incisor after removal of a supernumerary were more favorable if the obstruction was removed in the deciduous dentition (odds ratio [OR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20-0.90; P = 0.02); if the supernumeraries were conical (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.98-4.28; P <0.001); if the incisor was in the correct position (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.14-4.20; P = 0.02), at the level of the gingival third (OR 0.07; 95% CI, <0.01-0.97; P = 0.04) and had incomplete root formation (OR, 9.02; 95% CI, 2.04-39.78; P = 0.004). Delaying removal of the supernumerary tooth 12 months after the expected eruption time of the maxillary incisor (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.10-1.03; P = 0.05) and waiting >6 months for spontaneous eruption after removal of the obstacle (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.50; P = 0.003) was associated with worse odds for eruption.
CONCLUSIONS
Limited evidence indicated that the adjunctive use of orthodontic measures and removal of supernumerary teeth might be associated with greater odds of successfull impacted incisor eruption than removal of the supernumerary tooth alone. Certain characteristics related to supernumerary type and the position or developmental stage of the incisor may also influence successful eruption after removal of the supernumerary. However, these findings should be viewed with caution as our certainty is very low to low because of bias and heterogeneity. Further well-conducted and reported studies are required. The results of this systematic review have been used to inform and justify the iMAC Trial.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Female; Incisor; Tooth, Supernumerary; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Tooth, Impacted; Tooth Eruption; Maxilla
PubMed: 36907703
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.01.004 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2017To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish if fever is associated with primary tooth eruption. (Review)
Review
AIM
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish if fever is associated with primary tooth eruption.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature searches involved Pubmed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane. The potentially relevant studies had the full text analyzed. Only studies concerning fever during eruption period of primary tooth in humans were included. Papers in non-English language, and papers that included syndromic patients or patients with any disease were excluded. The meta-analyses were performed with Review Manager (version 5.3). Only studies that reported the results as dichotomous data were analyzed with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test in meta-analysis function of Review Manager 5.3. The fixed-effects model was used to evaluate the association between tooth eruption and fever.
RESULTS
Search identified 83 potential studies. After exclusion of the duplicated studies, or were not related to the criteria of inclusion only 6 studies were selected for the systematic review. In the overall meta-analysis, no association was found [OR = 1.32 (0.88-1.96)] between fever and primary tooth eruption. However, in the subgroup analysis, when the method used to measure fever was the rectal temperature there was an association [OR = 2.82 (1.55-5.14)] between fever and primary tooth eruption.
CONCLUSION
There are few suitable studies in the literature regarding the association between primary tooth eruption and fever. However, our study found an association between fever and primary tooth eruption only when rectal temperature was performed.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Nemezio MA, De Oliveira KMH, Romualdo PC, Queiroz AM, Paula-e-Silva FWG, Silva RAB, Kuchler EC. Association between Fever and Primary Tooth Eruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):293-298.
PubMed: 29104392
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1453 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The aim of this systematic review is to explore the pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and genetic basis of Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) in the field of pediatric... (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this systematic review is to explore the pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and genetic basis of Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) in the field of pediatric dentistry and orthodontics.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for this review. The databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 1 July 2013 to 1 July 2023, using keywords "primary failure of tooth eruption" OR "primary failure of eruption" OR "tooth eruption failure" OR "PFE" AND "orthodontics". The study selection process involved screening articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 1151 results were obtained from the database search, with 14 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. The review covers various aspects of PFE, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment options, and genetic associations with mutations in the PTH1R gene. Differentiation between PFE and Mechanical Failure of Eruption (MFE) is crucial for accurate treatment planning. Orthodontic and surgical interventions, along with multidisciplinary approaches, have been employed to manage PFE cases. Genetic testing for PTH1R mutations plays a significant role in confirming the diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions, although some cases may not be linked to this mutation.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review provides valuable insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and genetic basis of PFE. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment planning are crucial for successful management. Genetic testing for PTH1R mutations aids in accurate diagnosis and may influence treatment decisions. However, further research is needed to explore the complex genetic basis of PFE fully and improve treatment outcomes for affected individuals.
PubMed: 38002872
DOI: 10.3390/children10111781 -
The Angle Orthodontist Apr 2004This systematic review addresses the question whether prematurity results in alteration of palatal morphology, dental occlusion, tooth-crown dimensions, and tooth... (Review)
Review
This systematic review addresses the question whether prematurity results in alteration of palatal morphology, dental occlusion, tooth-crown dimensions, and tooth maturation. A literature survey from the PubMed database covering the period from January 1966 to November 2002 used the Medical Subject Headings terms "infant, premature," and "infant, low birth weight" in combination with "jaws," "dental physiology," "dentition," and "tooth abnormalities." Controlled studies written in English and with definitions of premature birth according to the World Health Organization were selected. Two reviewers selected and extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of the studies. The search strategy resulted in 113 articles, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. Scientific evidence was found for altered palatal morphology in the short term among the premature children, and oral intubation was a contributing factor to the alterations. If corrected age was considered for the premature children, no delay in dental development and eruption was found compared with normally born children. Thus, the early birth of premature children must be taken in account when planning for orthodontic treatment. Because of the contradictory results and lack of longitudinal studies, the scientific evidence was too weak to answer the questions whether premature birth causes permanent alteration of palatal morphology, alteration of dental occlusion, and altered tooth-crown dimensions. To answer these questions and obtain reliable scientific evidence whether premature children are at risk for malocclusions from possible alterations of palatal morphology such as asymmetry and high arched palates, further well-designed controlled studies as well as longitudinal studies are needed.
Topics: Dental Research; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intubation, Intratracheal; Malocclusion; Odontometry; Palate, Hard; Tooth Crown; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 15132456
DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074<0269:ASROTC>2.0.CO;2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021(1) Background: To assess orthodontic forced eruption (OFE) as a pre-restorative procedure for non-restorable permanent teeth with subgingival dental hard tissue defects... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: To assess orthodontic forced eruption (OFE) as a pre-restorative procedure for non-restorable permanent teeth with subgingival dental hard tissue defects after dental trauma. (2) Methods: A systematic electronic search of three databases, namely, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, revealed a total of 2757 eligible publications. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT), retro- and prospective clinical studies, or case series (with a minimum of three patients) were reviewed. (3) Results: Thirteen full-text papers were included: one RCT, one prospective clinical trial, two retrospective cohort studies, and nine case series. Within case series, statistical significance between age and cause of fracture ( < 0.03) was determined. The mean extrusion rate of OFE was 1.5 mm a week within a four to six weeks treatment period followed by retention. Three OFE protocols for maxillary single teeth are available: 1. OFE without migration of gingiva and alveolar bone, 2. OFE with gingival migration and slight alveolar bone migration, and 3. OFE with migration of both gingiva and alveolar bone. (4) Conclusions: The current state of the evidence suggests that OFE is a feasible pre-treatment option for non-restorable permanent teeth. OFE can promote the migration of tooth surrounding hard and soft tissues in the esthetic zone. Root resorption does not seem to be a relevant side effect of OFE.
Topics: Fractures, Bone; Gingiva; Humans; Orthodontic Extrusion; Prospective Studies; Root Resorption
PubMed: 34886307
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312580 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2008Eruption disturbances can be broadly classified as disturbances related to time and disturbances related to position. Time related disturbances include premature... (Review)
Review
Eruption disturbances can be broadly classified as disturbances related to time and disturbances related to position. Time related disturbances include premature eruption, delayed eruption or impactions. A common feature of these is a significant deviation in eruption time within the established norms for a particular age, sex, race or ethnicity. Although root development represents the fundamental biologic parameter for tooth eruption, chronological age at presentation is used as the first criteria in the establishment of the diagnosis of prematurity or a delay in eruption. Eruption disturbances related to position include ectopic eruption and transpositions. Positional deviations too can cause a delay in eruption time, however more commonly the involved tooth erupts within the expected time frame with an abnormality in position. The focus of this paper is to present a systematic review of the literature including classification, etiology and treatment modalities available for eruption disturbances of the maxillary incisors.
Topics: Humans; Incisor; Maxilla; Natal Teeth; Orthodontic Extrusion; Orthodontics, Corrective; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic; Tooth, Impacted; Tooth, Supernumerary
PubMed: 18524273
DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.32.3.m175g328l100x745