-
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 1991In 1985 the vernacular name Enteric Group 90 was coined for a small group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as probable strains of Salmonella but did...
In 1985 the vernacular name Enteric Group 90 was coined for a small group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as probable strains of Salmonella but did not agglutinate in Salmonella typing antisera. By DNA-DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, 32P), seven strains of Enteric Group 90 were found to be closely related (98 to 100% at 60 degrees C and 94 to 100% at 75 degrees C) to the first strain received (0370-85). The relatedness of Enteric Group 90 to 62 strains of other species of the family Enterobacteriaceae was only 6 to 41%, with the highest values obtained with strains of Salmonella, Kluyvera, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter. We propose a new genus, Trabulsiella, with a single new species, Trabulsiella guamensis, for the highly related group of eight strains formerly known as Enteric Group 90. The type strain is designated ATCC 49490 (CDC 0370-85). T. guamensis strains grew well at 36 degrees C and had positive reactions in the following tests: methyl red, citrate utilization (Simmons) (38% positive at day 1, 88% positive at 2 days), H2S production, lysine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase (50% positive at 2 days, 100% positive at 7 days), ornithine decarboxylase, motility, growth in KCN medium, mucate fermentation, acetate utilization, nitrate reduction to nitrite, weak tyrosine hydrolysis (88% positive at 2 days, 100% positive at 7 days), and ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) test. The strains fermented D-glucose with gas production and fermented L-arabinose, cellobiose, D-galactose, D-galacturonate, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, trehalose, and D-xylose. T. guamensis strains had negative reactions in the following tests: indole production (13% positive), Voges-Proskauer, urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, malonate utilization, lipase (corn oil), DNase, oxidase, pigment production, and acid production from adonitol, D-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, myo-inositol, melibiose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, raffinose, and sucrose. There were delayed positive reactions for gelatin liquefaction (22 degrees C), which was positive at 12 to 23 days, esculin hydrolysis (13% positive at day 1, 50% positive at 7 days), lactose fermentation (13% positive at 3 to 7 days, 100% positive at 8 to 10 days), glycerol fermentation (88% positive at 7 days), and salicin fermentation (13% positive at day 1, 88% positive at 7 days). All strains were susceptible by the disk diffusion method to colistin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and most strains were susceptible to sulfadiazine (75% susceptible), tetracycline (88%), and carbenicillin (75%). The strains were resistant to penicillin, cephalothin, and ampicillin. The strains were isolated from vacuum cleaner dust (five strains), soil (one strain), and human feces (two strains). Although T. guamensis can occur in human diarrheal stools, there is no evidence that it actually causes diarrhea. Its main interest to clinical microbiologists may be its possible misidentification as a strain Salmonella.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Salmonella; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Species Specificity; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 1885744
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.7.1480-1485.1991 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Among the complex microbial community living in the mosquito midgut, some bacteria (e.g., spp.) can deliver effector molecules with anti- effects suppressing the...
Among the complex microbial community living in the mosquito midgut, some bacteria (e.g., spp.) can deliver effector molecules with anti- effects suppressing the development of malaria parasites () before the öokinete can penetrate the mosquito midgut epithelium. Despite knowledge of this phenomenon, only a few studies have defined the diversity of microbiota in wild-caught adult species. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the bacterial microbiota in different species, including representatives of the primary malaria vectors in western Thailand. Wild female species were sampled from malaria-endemic areas in Tak and Mae Hong Son provinces near the Thai-Myanmar border. Midgut/abdominal bacterial diversity was assessed by examining the 16S rRNA gene, V3 hypervariable region, using PCR-Temporal Temperature Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-TTGE) profiling and sequence analysis. A total of 24 bacterial genera were identified from eight species. Five bacterial genera were newly reported in mosquitoes (, , , , and ). Five genera, including , were detected exclusively in a single-malaria () infected and not observed in other non-infected mosquitoes. The use of PCR-TTGE provides the first characterization of the midgut bacterial microbiome present in wild adult in Thailand. Evidence that microbiota might impact pathogen development (suppression) in and thereby reduce the risk of pathogen transmission deserves more studies to describe the presence and better understand the biological role of bacteria in natural mosquito populations.
PubMed: 32508784
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00965 -
BMC Biotechnology Mar 2021The production of agricultural wastes still growing as a consequence of the population growing. However, the majority of these residues are under-utilized due their...
BACKGROUND
The production of agricultural wastes still growing as a consequence of the population growing. However, the majority of these residues are under-utilized due their chemical composition, which is mainly composed by cellulose. Actually, the search of cellulases with high efficiency to degrade this carbohydrate remains as the challenge. In the present experiment, two genes encoding an endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and their recombinant enzymes (egl-FZYE and cel-FZYE, respectively) characterized. Those genes were found in Trabulsiella odontermitis which was isolated from the gut of termite Heterotermes sp. Additionally, the capability to release sugars from agricultural wastes was evaluated in both enzymes, alone and in combination.
RESULTS
The results have shown that optimal pH was 6.0 and 6.5, reaching an activity of 1051.65 ± 47.78 and 607.80 ± 10.19 U/mg at 39 °C, for egl-FZYE and cel-FZYE, respectively. The Km and Vmax for egl-FZYE using CMC as substrate were 11.25 mg/mL and 3921.57 U/mg, respectively, whereas using Avicel were 15.39 mg/mL and 2314.81 U/mg, respectively. The Km and Vmax for cel-FZYE using Avicel as substrate were 11.49 mg/mL and 2105.26 U/mg, respectively, whereas using CMC the enzyme did not had activity. Both enzymes had effect on agricultural wastes, and their effect was improved when they were combined reaching an activity of 955.1 ± 116.1, 4016.8 ± 332 and 1124.2 ± 241 U/mg on corn stover, sorghum stover and pine sawdust, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Both enzymes were capable of degrading agricultural wastes, and their effectiveness was improved up to 60% of glucose released when combined. In summary, the results of the study demonstrate that the recombinant enzymes exhibit characteristics that indicate their value as potential feed additives and that the enzymes could be used to enhance the degradation of cellulose in the poor-quality forage generally used in ruminant feedstuffs.
Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cellulases; Cellulose; Crops, Agricultural; Enterobacteriaceae; Enzyme Stability; Isoptera; Kinetics; Refuse Disposal; Waste Products
PubMed: 33757473
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00687-6 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017One of the fundamental issues in the microbiome research is characterization of the healthy human microbiota. Recent studies have elucidated substantial divergences in... (Review)
Review
One of the fundamental issues in the microbiome research is characterization of the healthy human microbiota. Recent studies have elucidated substantial divergences in the microbiome structure between healthy individuals from different race and ethnicity. This review provides a comprehensive account of such geography, ethnicity or life-style-specific variations in healthy microbiome at five major body habitats-Gut, Oral-cavity, Respiratory Tract, Skin, and Urogenital Tract (UGT). The review focuses on the general trend in the human microbiome evolution-a gradual transition in the gross compositional structure along with a continual decrease in diversity of the microbiome, especially of the gut microbiome, as the human populations passed through three stages of subsistence like foraging, rural farming and industrialized urban western life. In general, gut microbiome of the hunter-gatherer populations is highly abundant with , Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Clostridiales, ., while those of the urban communities are often enriched in , and Firmicutes. The oral and skin microbiome are the next most diverse among different populations, while respiratory tract and UGT microbiome show lesser variations. Higher microbiome diversity is observed for oral-cavity in hunter-gatherer group with higher prevalence of than agricultural group. In case of skin microbiome, rural and urban Chinese populations show variation in abundance of and . On the basis of published data, we have characterized the core microbiota-the set of genera commonly found in all populations, irrespective of their geographic locations, ethnicity or mode of subsistence. We have also identified the major factors responsible for geography-based alterations in microbiota; though it is not yet clear which factor plays a dominant role in shaping the microbiome-nature or nurture, host genetics or his environment. Some of the geographical/racial variations in microbiome structure have been attributed to differences in host genetics and innate/adaptive immunity, while in many other cases, cultural/behavioral features like diet, hygiene, parasitic load, environmental exposure etc. overshadow genetics. The ethnicity or population-specific variations in human microbiome composition, as reviewed in this report, question the universality of the microbiome-based therapeutic strategies and recommend for geographically tailored community-scale approaches to microbiome engineering.
PubMed: 28690602
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01162 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2022The topsoils and atmospheric dust aerosols of the various areas of the city of Moscow were studied. Most of the dust samples contained a considerable number of particles...
The topsoils and atmospheric dust aerosols of the various areas of the city of Moscow were studied. Most of the dust samples contained a considerable number of particles enriched in phosphorus - a sign of contamination by feces. A variety of species, including opportunistic and pathogenic species, were isolated from the topsoil and dust samples and identified using 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences: and . The greatest diversity of pathogens was isolated from spring soil and dust samples immediately after spring snowmelt. Antibiotic resistance of the isolated strains was tested using disks with a wide range of antimicrobial drugs: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Meropenem, Pefloxacin, Streptomycin, Ticarcillin+clavulanic acid, Fosfomycin, Ceftibuten, Ciprofloxacin. Resistance was observed in more than 22% of strains. The traffic area had a significant number of antibiotic-resistant strains, clearly indicating a high health risk from soil and dust exposure.
PubMed: 35909602
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100124 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2017Human schistosomiasis is a highly prevalent neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Schistosoma species. Research on the molecular mechanisms influencing the outcomes...
BACKGROUND
Human schistosomiasis is a highly prevalent neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Schistosoma species. Research on the molecular mechanisms influencing the outcomes of bladder infection by Schistosoma haematobium is urgently needed to develop new diagnostics, therapeutics and infection prevention strategies. The objective of the research study was to determine the microbiome features and changes in urine during urogenital schistosomiasis and induced bladder pathologies.
METHODOLOGY
Seventy participants from Eggua, southwestern Nigeria provided morning urine samples and were screened for urogenital schistosomiasis infection and bladder pathologies in a cross-sectional study. Highthroughput NGS sequencing was carried out, targeting the 16S V3 region. Filtered reads were processed and analyzed in a bioinformatics pipeline.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
The study participants (36 males and 34 females, between ages 15 and 65) were categorized into four groups according to status of schistosomiasis infection and bladder pathology. Data analytics of the next-generation sequencing reads revealed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated and had influence on microbiome structure of both non-infected persons and persons with urogenital schistosomiasis. Furthermore, gender and age influenced taxa abundance independent of infection or bladder pathology. Several taxa distinguished urogenital schistosomiasis induced bladder pathologies from urogenital schistosomiasis infection alone and from healthy persons, including known immune-stimulatory taxa such as Fusobacterium, Sphingobacterium and Enterococcus. Some of these significant taxa, especially Sphingobacterium were projected as markers of infection, while several genera including potentially beneficial taxa such as Trabulsiella and Weissella, were markers of the non-infected. Finally, expected changes in protein functional categories were observed to relate to cellular maintenance and lipid metabolism.
CONCLUSION
The urinary microbiome is a factor to be considered in developing biomarkers, diagnostic tools, and new treatment for urogenital schistosomiasis and induced bladder pathologies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria; Cluster Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Urinary Bladder; Urine; Young Adult
PubMed: 28793309
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005826 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology 2015The presence of Gram-negative bacteria species, other than Salmonella spp., in the gallbladder of pigs was examined. Isolated Gram-negative bacteria were assigned to...
Isolation and Antimicrobial Testing of Aeromonas spp., Citrobacter spp., Cronobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., and Trabulsiella spp. from the Gallbladder of Pigs.
The presence of Gram-negative bacteria species, other than Salmonella spp., in the gallbladder of pigs was examined. Isolated Gram-negative bacteria were assigned to species using the Microgen™ GnA+B-ID Systems. Of the 64 isolated strains 43 were identified as Escherichia coli, seven as Enterobacter spp., three each as Klebsiella spp., Citrobacterfreundii, Aeromonas hydrophila and Cronobacter sakazakii and one each as Escherichiafergusonii and Trabulsiella guamensis. Their antibiograms showed very high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. It was concluded that the pigs' gallbladder is a reservoir of potentially pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria for pork consumers.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Citrobacter; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacter; Escherichia; Gallbladder; Klebsiella; Swine
PubMed: 26373181
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020The phylogenetic diversity of fungi isolated from the was investigated by dilution-plate method, combined with morphological characteristics and 5.8S rDNA sequencing....
The phylogenetic diversity of fungi isolated from the was investigated by dilution-plate method, combined with morphological characteristics and 5.8S rDNA sequencing. Thirty-nine fungi were isolated and purified from , which were belonging to two phyla and four classes (Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes). Furthermore, nine bacterial 16S rRNA sequences were obtained from total fungal genomic DNA. All bacterial symbionts were segmented into four genera: , , , and The antimicrobial activities of all endophytic fungi extracts were tested by using the filter paper method against (ATCC 8739), (ATCC 6633), (ATCC 6538), and (ATCC 10231). The results exhibited that 25 extracts (64%) exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one of the tested bacterial strains. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites [5-hydroxyramulosin :biatriosporin M = 2:1] from the sp. BYCDW4 exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against , , , and with the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 13.67, 14.33, 12.17, and 11.33 mm, respectively, which were comparable with those of the positive control. 1-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybutan-1-one () from the sp. BYCDW8 showed medium inhibitory activities against and , with the IZD range of 8.32-9.13 mm. In conclusion, the study showed the diversity of insect symbionts could be expected to develop the resource of new species and antibiotics.
PubMed: 32231643
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00300 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jun 2019is a nonpathogenic enterobacterium that was isolated from a vacuum cleaner on the island of Guam. It has one H-oxidizing Hyd-2-type hydrogenase (Hyd) and encodes an...
Dissection of the Hydrogen Metabolism of the Enterobacterium Trabulsiella guamensis: Identification of a Formate-Dependent and Essential Formate Hydrogenlyase Complex Exhibiting Phylogenetic Similarity to Complex I.
is a nonpathogenic enterobacterium that was isolated from a vacuum cleaner on the island of Guam. It has one H-oxidizing Hyd-2-type hydrogenase (Hyd) and encodes an H-evolving Hyd that is most similar to the uncharacterized formate hydrogenlyase (FHL-2 ) complex. The FHL-2 (FHL-2 ) complex is predicted to have 5 membrane-integral and between 4 and 5 cytoplasmic subunits. We showed that the FHL-2 complex catalyzes the disproportionation of formate to CO and H FHL-2 has activity similar to that of the FHL-1 complex in H evolution from formate, but the complex appears to be more labile upon cell lysis. Cloning of the entire 13-kbp FHL-2 operon in the heterologous host has now enabled us to unambiguously prove FHL-2 activity, and it allowed us to characterize the FHL-2 complex biochemically. Although the formate dehydrogenase (FdhH) gene is not contained in the operon, the FdhH is part of the complex, and FHL-2 activity was dependent on the presence of FdhH. Also, in contrast to , can ferment the alternative carbon source cellobiose, and we further investigated the participation of both the H-oxidizing Hyd-2 and the H-forming FHL-2 under these conditions. Biological H production presents an attractive alternative for fossil fuels. However, in order to compete with conventional H production methods, the process requires our understanding on a molecular level. FHL complexes are efficient H producers, and the prototype FHL-1 complex in is well studied. This paper presents the first biochemical characterization of an FHL-2-type complex. The data presented here will enable us to solve the long-standing mystery of the FHL-2 complex, allow a first biochemical characterization of 's fermentative metabolism, and establish this enterobacterium as a model organism for FHL-dependent energy conservation.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Catalysis; Enterobacteriaceae; Fermentation; Formate Dehydrogenases; Formates; Hydrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny
PubMed: 30962355
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00160-19 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022The effect of putative probiotic fermented milk (FM) with buriti pulp (FMB) or passion fruit pulp (FMPF) or without fruit pulp (FMC) on the microbiota of healthy humans...
The effect of putative probiotic fermented milk (FM) with buriti pulp (FMB) or passion fruit pulp (FMPF) or without fruit pulp (FMC) on the microbiota of healthy humans was evaluated. FM formulations were administered into a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) to evaluate the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), microbiota composition, presence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and ammonium ions. The probiotic LAB viability in FM was affected by the addition of the fruit pulp. was dominant in the FMPF and FMB samples; was related to FM formulations, while was associated with FMPF and FMB, and and were predominant in FMC. was the central element in the FMC, while was the central one in the FMPF and FMB networks. The FM formulations increased the acetic acid, and a remarkably high amount of propionic and butyric acids were detected in the FMB treatment. All FM formulations decreased the ammonium ions compared to the control; FMPF samples stood out for having lower amounts of ammonia. The probiotic FM with fruit pulp boosted the beneficial effects on the intestinal microbiota of healthy humans in addition to increasing SCFA in SHIME and decreasing ammonium ions, which could be related to the presence of bioactive compounds.
PubMed: 36553855
DOI: 10.3390/foods11244113