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Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks Sep 2018Postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) is an iatrogenic complication seen increasingly often as the number of intensive care unit (ICU) bed multiply, the indications... (Review)
Review
Postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) is an iatrogenic complication seen increasingly often as the number of intensive care unit (ICU) bed multiply, the indications for endotracheal intubation expand and disease awareness rises. PITS has a clinical severity spectrum ranging from asymptomatic cases to patients requiring urgent interventional procedures. It should therefore always be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a history of intubation who present with the complaint of difficult breathing. The golden standart for diagnosis is fiberoptic/rigid bronchoscopy. Even though tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis (TRA) is the preferred traetment, in some selected cases and in the patients who are not candidates for surgery, bronchoscopic interventions can be life saving, temporizing until surgery is possible and even be curative.
Topics: Adult; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Tracheal Stenosis
PubMed: 30479232
DOI: 10.5578/tt.67108 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jul 2013Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It usually affects mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, and ocular...
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It usually affects mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, and ocular conjunctiva. Cutaneous, laryngeal, tracheal, genital, and bony dissemination is rare. Laryngotracheal involvement poses many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 45-year-old South Indian man presented with complaints of a mass in both nostrils for 2 years, associated with progressive hoarseness of voice and difficulty in breathing for 6 months. Rhinosporidial lesions were seen bilaterally in the nasal cavity. Telescopic and fiberoptic laryngoscopic examinations showed reddish, strawberry-like masses with whitish spots on their surface involving the larynx and trachea. Computed tomography of the head and neck revealed soft-tissue mass lesions involving the bilateral nasal cavities and nasopharynx, extending to the oropharynx and involving the larynx and trachea. A preliminary tracheostomy was performed, followed by direct laryngoscopic excision of the laryngeal lesions and rigid-bronchoscopy-guided excision of the tracheal lesions. The patient was prescribed dapsone and advised to take it for 2 years. At 2 years of follow-up, there was no recurrence.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Dapsone; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Rhinosporidiosis; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 23904313
DOI: 10.1177/014556131309200718 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Feb 2016Tracheal rhinoscleroma is an infectious granulomatosis of the tracheobronchial tract caused by a Gram-negative bacillus. Exclusively tracheal involvement has been rarely...
INTRODUCTION
Tracheal rhinoscleroma is an infectious granulomatosis of the tracheobronchial tract caused by a Gram-negative bacillus. Exclusively tracheal involvement has been rarely reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to report a case of subglottic stenosis secondary to rhinoscleroma.
SUMMARY
A 46-year-old North African woman with no medical or surgical history presented with inspiratory dyspnoea that had been present for several years. Endoscopic examination under general anaesthesia revealed tracheal stenosis. Histological examination of mucosal biopsies demonstrated Mikulicz cells and culture of bacteriological samples taken during a second biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of rhinoscleroma. CO2 laser subglottic obstruction relief was performed and treatment with ofloxacin was initiated. No recurrence of tracheal stenosis was observed with a follow-up of 6 months.
DISCUSSION
The diagnosis of rhinoscleroma is based on histological and bacteriological examination. Cultures are positive in 60% of cases, but negative cultures do not exclude the diagnosis of rhinoscleroma. Specific treatment consists of long-term antibiotic therapy, while surgery may be indicated for symptomatic treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Laser Therapy; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Rhinoscleroma; Tracheal Diseases; Tracheal Stenosis
PubMed: 26769262
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.03.009 -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... 2017Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare benign disease, of unknown cause, characterized by numerous sessile, cartilaginous, or bony submucosal nodules...
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare benign disease, of unknown cause, characterized by numerous sessile, cartilaginous, or bony submucosal nodules distributed throughout the anterolateral walls, projecting into the laryngotracheobronchial lumen. In general, tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is diagnosed incidentally during bronchoscopy or autopsy and is not associated with a specific disease. We report the case of a male patient who was diagnosed with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica via bronchoscopy and biopsy. RESUMO A traqueobroncopatia osteocondroplástica é uma doença benigna rara, de causa desconhecida, caracterizada por numerosos nódulos submucosos sésseis, cartilaginosos e/ou ósseos, distribuídos pelas paredes anterolaterais da traqueia, projetando-se no lúmen laringotraqueobrônquico. Em geral, a traqueobroncopatia osteocondroplástica é descoberta acidentalmente durante broncoscopias ou em necropsias e não é associada a uma doença específica. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que foi diagnosticado com traqueobroncopatia osteocondroplástica por broncoscopia e biópsia.
Topics: Biopsy; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchoscopy; Dyspnea; Humans; Incidental Findings; Male; Middle Aged; Osteochondrodysplasias; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 28538784
DOI: 10.1590/S1806-37562016000000143 -
Pediatric Pulmonology May 2021Airway anomalies are accountable for a substantial part of morbidity and mortality in children with Down syndrome (DS). Although tracheal anomalies occur more often in... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Airway anomalies are accountable for a substantial part of morbidity and mortality in children with Down syndrome (DS). Although tracheal anomalies occur more often in DS children, a structured overview on the topic is lacking. We systematically reviewed the characteristics of tracheal anomalies in DS children.
METHODS
A MEDLINE and EMBASE search for DS and tracheal anomalies was performed. Tracheal anomalies included tracheal stenosis, complete tracheal ring deformity (CTRD), tracheal bronchus, tracheomalacia, tracheal web, tracheal agenesis or atresia, laryngotracheoesophageal cleft type 3 or 4, trachea sleeve, and absent tracheal rings.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine articles were included. The trachea of DS children is significantly smaller than non-DS children. Tracheomalacia and tracheal bronchus are seen significantly more often in DS children. Furthermore, tracheal stenosis, CTRD, and tracheal compression by vascular structures are seen regularly in children with DS. These findings are reflected by the significantly higher frequency of tracheostomy and tracheoplasty performed in DS children.
CONCLUSION
In children with DS, tracheal anomalies occur more frequently and tracheal surgery is performed more frequently than in non-DS children. When complaints indicative of tracheal airway obstruction like biphasic stridor, dyspnea, or wheezing are present in children with DS, diagnostic rigid laryngotracheobronchoscopy with special attention to the trachea is indicated. Furthermore, imaging studies (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound) play an important role in the workup of DS children with airway symptoms. Management depends on the type, number, and extent of tracheal anomalies. Surgical treatment seems to be the mainstay in severe cases.
Topics: Child; Down Syndrome; Humans; Infant; Larynx; Trachea; Tracheal Diseases; Tracheal Stenosis
PubMed: 33434377
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25203 -
Medicina 2024
Topics: Humans; Male; Bronchial Diseases; Tracheal Diseases; Jaundice, Obstructive; Jaundice; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Bronchoscopy; Female
PubMed: 38683535
DOI: No ID Found -
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Trachea; Tracheal Diseases; Amyloidosis
PubMed: 36520414
DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16386 -
Respiratory Care Sep 2016Obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP) is an uncommon complication that results after tracheal intubation. Herein, we perform a systematic review of the... (Review)
Review
Obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP) is an uncommon complication that results after tracheal intubation. Herein, we perform a systematic review of the PubMed and EmBase databases for all the cases describing OFTP. The systematic search yielded 28 citations describing 53 subjects with OFTP. The study population (61.1% females) comprised of both adults and pediatric subjects with a median (IQR) age of 40.5 (14.8-60.5) years. The median (IQR) size of endotracheal tube was 7.5 (6-9.3) mm with a median (IQR) duration of intubation of 36 (14-96) hours. The median (IQR) time to onset of symptoms after extubation was 24 (6-96) hours. Stridor was the most common symptom. The average delay in correctly identifying the OFTP was 26 hours. The diagnosis of tracheal pseudomembrane was confirmed by flexible bronchoscopy in 38 (70.4%) instances while rigid bronchoscopy was used in 46.3% subjects for removing the pseudomembrane. There were two deaths, one each in an adult and a pediatric subject. OFTP is a complication of tracheal intubation and presents with respiratory failure. The diagnosis can be confirmed by flexible bronchoscopy. Treatment involves removal of the obstructing membrane with either flexible or rigid bronchoscopy.
Topics: Airway Extubation; Airway Obstruction; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Respiratory Sounds; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 27247431
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.04662 -
Paediatric Anaesthesia Jul 2009Infections of the airway in children may present to the anesthetist as an emergency in several locations: the Emergency Department, the Operating Department or on... (Review)
Review
Infections of the airway in children may present to the anesthetist as an emergency in several locations: the Emergency Department, the Operating Department or on Intensive Care. In all of these locations, relevant and up to date knowledge of presentations, diagnoses, potential complications and clinical management will help the anesthetist and the surgical team, not only with the performance of their interventions, but also in buying time before these are undertaken, avoiding complications and altering the eventual outcome for the child. Diseases such as epiglottitis and diphtheria may show diminished incidence but they have not gone away and their clinical features and essential management remain unchanged. Paradoxically, perhaps, some conditions such as Lemierre's syndrome appear to be making a comeback. In these instances, clinicians need to be alert to these less common conditions, not only in regard to the disease itself but also to potentially serious complications. This article describes those infections of the airway that are most likely to present to the anesthetist, their attendant complications and recommendations for treatment.
Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Laryngeal Diseases; Oropharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 19572851
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.02999.x -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... 2007Benign tracheal tumors are rare, recurrent papillomatosis being the most common. They often simulate obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as asthma and chronic...
Benign tracheal tumors are rare, recurrent papillomatosis being the most common. They often simulate obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients with benign tracheal tumors often undergo long-term treatment for such diseases, without any improvement, Therefore, these tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting tracheobronchial tree obstruction. This report describes the case of a patient with a tracheal polyp. The patient presented symptoms for three years, and the spirometry findings suggested intrathoracic obstruction. The patient presented complete clinical and spirometric recovery after bronchoscopic resection of the tumor.
Topics: Asthma; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polyps; Spirometry; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 18026663
DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132007000500020