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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023No existing comprehensive Mendelian randomization studies have focused on how obesity affects respiratory diseases.
BACKGROUND
No existing comprehensive Mendelian randomization studies have focused on how obesity affects respiratory diseases.
METHODS
BMI and waist circumference, mainly from the UK Biobank, and 35 respiratory diseases from the FinnGen Biobank were subjected to Mendelian randomization analyses. In this study, the inverse variance weighting method was used as the predominant analysis method and was complemented by MR-Egger and weighted median methods. Horizontal pleiotropy and potential outliers were detected by employing the MR-PRESSO method.
RESULTS
This study indicated that obesity rises the possibility of acute upper respiratory infections (BMI: OR=1.131, p<0.0001; WC: OR=1.097, p=0.00406), acute sinusitis (BMI: OR=1.161, p=0.000262; WC: OR=1.209, p=0.000263), acute pharyngitis (WC: OR=1.238, p=0.0258), acute laryngitis and tracheitis (BMI: OR=1.202, p=0.0288; WC: OR=1.381, p=0.00192), all influenza (BMI: OR=1.243, p=0.000235; WC: OR=1.206, p=0.0119), viral pneumonia (WC: OR=1.446, p=0.000870), all pneumoniae (BMI: OR=1.174, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.272, p <0.0001), bacterial pneumoniae (BMI: OR=1.183, p=0.000290; WC: OR=1.274, p<0.0001), acute bronchitis (BMI: OR=1.252, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.237, p=0.000268), acute unspecified lower respiratory infection (BMI: OR=1.303, p=0.000403), chronic tonsils and adenoids diseases (BMI: OR=1.236, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.178, p=0.000157), chronic laryngotracheitis and laryngitis (WC: OR=1.300, p=0.00785), COPD (BMI: OR=1.429, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.591, p <0.0001), asthma (BMI: OR=1.358, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.515, p <0.0001), necrotic and suppurative conditions of lower respiratory tract (WC: OR=1.405, p=0.0427), pleural effusion (BMI: OR=1.277, p=0.00225; WC: OR=1.561, p<0.0001), pleural plaque (BMI: OR=1.245, p=0.0312), other diseases of the respiratory system (BMI: OR=1.448, p <0.0001; WC: OR=1.590, p <0.0001), and non-small cell lung cancer (BMI: OR=1.262, p=0.00576; WC: OR=1.398, p=0.00181). This study also indicated that obesity decreases the possibility of bronchiectasis (BMI: OR=0.705; p=0.00200).
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that obesity increases the risk of the majority of respiratory diseases (including 20 of all 35 respiratory diseases) and that obesity decreases the risk of bronchiectasis.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Laryngitis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Infections; Bronchiectasis
PubMed: 37711902
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1197730 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Aspergillosis; Bronchitis; Tracheitis; Aspergillus; Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
PubMed: 37258156
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1988-23 -
Medicina 2024
Topics: Humans; Bronchitis; Tracheitis
PubMed: 38271953
DOI: No ID Found -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Oct 2023Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under... (Review)
Review
Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under certain circumstances of immunosuppression, co-infection (especially with Escherichia coli or Mycoplasma), or various stressors, G. anatis caused respiratory, reproductive, and systemic diseases. Infection with G. anatis has emerged in different countries worldwide. The bacterium affects mainly chickens; however, other species of domestic and wild birds may get infected. Horizontal, vertical, and venereal routes of G. anatis infection have been reported. The pathogenicity of G. anatis is principally related to the presence of some essential virulence factors such as Gallibacterium toxin A, fimbriae, haemagglutinin, outer membrane vesicles, capsule, biofilms, and protease. The clinical picture of G. anatis infection is mainly represented as tracheitis, oophoritis, salpingitis, and peritonitis, while other lesions may be noted in cases of concomitant infection. Control of such infection depends mainly on applying biosecurity measures and vaccination. The antimicrobial sensitivity test is necessary for the correct treatment of G. anatis. However, the development of multiple drug resistance is common. This review article sheds light on G. anatis regarding history, susceptibility, dissemination, virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and control measures.
Topics: Female; Animals; Poultry; Chickens; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Pasteurellaceae; Virulence Factors; Escherichia coli; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37889324
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03796-w -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Tracheitis; COVID-19; Trachea; Tracheal Stenosis
PubMed: 36948623
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1350-22 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023: Little is known about the recent trends in antibiotic and phytopharmaceutical prescribing for acute upper (URIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in...
Changes in the Prescription of Antibiotics and Phytopharmaceuticals in Children Treated for Acute Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022.
: Little is known about the recent trends in antibiotic and phytopharmaceutical prescribing for acute upper (URIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in children and adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated changes in the prescription of antibiotics and phytopharmaceuticals in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in pediatric practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022. : The present retrospective study included children aged 2-12 years diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in one of 180 pediatric practices in 2013, 2018, and 2022. The URIs included nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis and tracheitis, and upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites, while the LRIs corresponded to bronchitis. The primary outcomes were the proportion of children being prescribed antibiotics and the proportion of those being prescribed phytopharmaceuticals. : A total of 120,894 children were diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in 2013 compared to 116,844 in 2018 and 127,821 in 2022. The prevalence of antibiotic prescription decreased for all diagnoses between 2013 and 2022. This decrease was statistically significant for both 2013-2018 and 2018-2022 for nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in the use of phytopharmaceuticals for all diagnoses between 2013 and 2018. The prevalence of phytopharmaceutical prescription decreased slightly between 2018 and 2022, but this decrease was generally not statistically significant. : The prescription of antibiotics has decreased and that of phytopharmaceuticals has increased in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in Germany over the last decade. More data are needed to corroborate these findings in other settings.
PubMed: 37887192
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101491 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Nov 2023A 29-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia presented with persistent grade-4 febrile neutropenia (FN) after initial chemotherapy with...
A 29-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia presented with persistent grade-4 febrile neutropenia (FN) after initial chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine. Despite intensive treatment, FN persisted. Subsequently, her nose became reddish and swollen, obstructing the nasal cavities. Computed tomography revealed swelling of the nostrils and an irregular tracheal surface. Debridement of the nasal lesion and a bronchoscopic biopsy of the tracheal lesion were also performed. A histopathological examination revealed pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) of the nose and necrotizing tracheitis. Both nasal PCH and necrotizing tracheitis ameliorated when the patient recovered from leukocytopenia.
PubMed: 38008455
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2625-23 -
Nature Communications Apr 2024Bergenin, a rare C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid with pharmacological properties of antitussive and expectorant, is widely used in clinics to treat chronic...
Bergenin, a rare C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid with pharmacological properties of antitussive and expectorant, is widely used in clinics to treat chronic tracheitis in China. However, its low abundance in nature and structural specificity hampers the accessibility through traditional crop-based manufacturing or chemical synthesis. In the present work, we elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of bergenin in Ardisia japonica by identifying the highly regio- and/or stereoselective 2-C-glycosyltransferases and 4-O-methyltransferases. Then, in Escherichia coli, we reconstruct the de novo biosynthetic pathway of 4-O-methyl gallic acid 2-C-β-D-glycoside, which is the direct precursor of bergenin and is conveniently esterified into bergenin by in situ acid treatment. Moreover, further metabolic engineering improves the production of bergenin to 1.41 g L in a 3-L bioreactor. Our work provides a foundation for sustainable supply of bergenin and alleviates its resource shortage via a synthetic biology approach.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Benzopyrans; Metabolic Engineering; Escherichia coli; Glycosyltransferases; Methyltransferases; Gallic Acid; Bioreactors; Glycosides
PubMed: 38670975
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47502-2