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Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024Respiratory diseases, including the multifactorial "swine respiratory disease complex," have a significant impact on swine production. Recently, a condition manifesting... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Respiratory diseases, including the multifactorial "swine respiratory disease complex," have a significant impact on swine production. Recently, a condition manifesting primarily in the trachea, known as hemorrhagic tracheitis syndrome (HTS), has been described in pigs. HTS is characterized by severe coughing and high mortality in finishing pigs.
CASE DESCRIPTION
This report presents the first case of HTS in an adult male pig from a Portuguese farm. The animal died without any previous clinical signs. Necropsy revealed significant thickening of the trachea. Fibrinous necrotic hemorrhagic tracheitis was identified through histopathological analysis, but no bacterial infectious agents were detected during microbiological examination.
CONCLUSION
This case underscores the need for comprehensive research, including systematic necropsies and histopathological assessments, to understand the actual prevalence of the disease, elucidate the etiology, and develop effective interventions for HTS in swine productions.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Male; Portugal; Swine Diseases; Tracheitis; Fatal Outcome; Hemorrhage; Syndrome
PubMed: 38682145
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.21 -
Nature Communications Apr 2024Bergenin, a rare C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid with pharmacological properties of antitussive and expectorant, is widely used in clinics to treat chronic...
Bergenin, a rare C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid with pharmacological properties of antitussive and expectorant, is widely used in clinics to treat chronic tracheitis in China. However, its low abundance in nature and structural specificity hampers the accessibility through traditional crop-based manufacturing or chemical synthesis. In the present work, we elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of bergenin in Ardisia japonica by identifying the highly regio- and/or stereoselective 2-C-glycosyltransferases and 4-O-methyltransferases. Then, in Escherichia coli, we reconstruct the de novo biosynthetic pathway of 4-O-methyl gallic acid 2-C-β-D-glycoside, which is the direct precursor of bergenin and is conveniently esterified into bergenin by in situ acid treatment. Moreover, further metabolic engineering improves the production of bergenin to 1.41 g L in a 3-L bioreactor. Our work provides a foundation for sustainable supply of bergenin and alleviates its resource shortage via a synthetic biology approach.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Benzopyrans; Metabolic Engineering; Escherichia coli; Glycosyltransferases; Methyltransferases; Gallic Acid; Bioreactors; Glycosides
PubMed: 38670975
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47502-2 -
Cureus Mar 2024A deep neck abscess is a relatively rare bacterial infection in infants that can rapidly progress to life-threatening complications. Mostly, the patients present...
A deep neck abscess is a relatively rare bacterial infection in infants that can rapidly progress to life-threatening complications. Mostly, the patients present with fever and neck pain. Some may present with dysphonia, sore throat, torticollis, trismus, or neck swelling. Early diagnosis and management can prevent life-threatening complications, such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis, and tracheitis. In this report, we present a case of a six-month-old infant presenting with retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses with prompt diagnosis leading to complete recovery of the patient.
PubMed: 38576697
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55543 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Dec 2023Aspergillosis is a disease that affects several species of birds and causes substantial losses in the poultry business. The purpose of the investigation was to identify...
OBJECTIVE
Aspergillosis is a disease that affects several species of birds and causes substantial losses in the poultry business. The purpose of the investigation was to identify the pathogen responsible for a respiratory outbreak among juvenile ducklings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An epidemic of Aspergillosis infected a total of 800 Muscovy ducks that were being reared in El-Beheira Governorate. Tissue samples were obtained to isolate suspected fungi from diseased birds and the hatchery environment. In addition, identification and molecular characterization were performed on the obtained fungal isolates.
RESULTS
Affected birds displayed acute respiratory manifestations such as difficulty breathing, gasping for air, nasal discharge, and a mortality rate of up to 28.1%. Postmortem examination revealed bronchitis, tracheitis, congested lungs, air sacculitis, severe multifocal granulomatous pneumonia, a congested, enlarged liver, and a congested kidney with nephritis. Mycological examination revealed seven ( spp. isolates from ducklings and six from hatcheries. Isolate colonial morphology and microscopical examination were as follows: , and four untypable isolates. These isolates were further identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) gene was detected. Four representative isolates were submitted for sequencing and further phylogenetic analysis. The source of duckling infection might be linked to the hatchery environment due to the observed similarity of isolates from both affected birds and the hatchery, as evidenced by phylogenetic analysis.
CONCLUSION
Our findings demonstrated the significance of appropriate hatchery control in preventing infection in young ducklings. Furthermore, the use of molecular identification techniques would be helpful for tracing the source of infection and rapid diagnosis of in the field.
PubMed: 38370888
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j732 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2024The body of a 14-wk-old puppy () was submitted to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario for postmortem examination following a history of...
The body of a 14-wk-old puppy () was submitted to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario for postmortem examination following a history of intermittent anorexia and lethargy progressing to pyrexia, pruritic skin rash, mucoid nasal discharge, decreased mentation, dysphagia, muscle twitches, and focal seizures. Gross examination revealed rhinitis and pulmonary edema. Histologically, there was fibrinonecrotizing bronchopneumonia, tracheitis, and neutrophilic and lymphohistiocytic rhinitis; rarely within the cortical gray and white matter of the brain were small clusters of glial cells, with rare individual neutrophils in the choroid plexus. Although canine distemper was suspected, none of the usual supportive histologic lesions of distinct syncytial cells, viral inclusion bodies, or demyelinating leukoencephalitis were observed. Lung and brain tissues were PCR-positive for canine distemper virus (CDV), and CDV was detected immunohistochemically in the brain. The agent from the PCR-positive sample from the brain was genotyped and was a 99.9% match to the CDV Rockborn strain, indicating that the disease agent in our case was vaccinal in origin. Our unusual case highlights the possibility of reversion to virulence in a modified-live virus vaccine, and the occurrence of a disease in the absence of a full complement of the usual and compatible histologic lesions.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Distemper Virus, Canine; Brain; Viral Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated; Rhinitis; Distemper; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38362661
DOI: 10.1177/10406387241229436 -
International Archives of... Jan 2024Despite several pediatric tracheostomy decannulation protocols there remains tremendous variability in practice. The effect of tracheostomy capping on decannulation...
Despite several pediatric tracheostomy decannulation protocols there remains tremendous variability in practice. The effect of tracheostomy capping on decannulation has been studied but the role of speaking valves (SVs) is unknown. Given the positive benefits SVs have on rehabilitation, we hypothesized that SVs would decrease time to tracheostomy decannulation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this in a subset of patients with chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD). A retrospective chart review was performed at a tertiary care children's hospital. A total of 105 patients with tracheostomies and CLD were identified. Data collected included demographics, gestational age, congenital cardiac disease, airway surgeries, granulation tissue excisions, SV and capping trials, tracheitis episodes, and clinic visits. Statistics were performed with logistic and linear regression. A total of 75 patients were included. The mean gestational age was 27 weeks (standard deviation [SD] = 3.6) and the average birthweight was 1.1 kg (SD = 0.6). The average age at tracheostomy was 122 days (SD = 63). A total of 70.7% of the patients underwent decannulation and the mean time to decannulation (TTD) was 37 months (SD = 19). A total of 77.3% of the patients had SVs. Those with an SV had a longer TTD compared to those without (52 versus 35 months; = 0.008). Decannulation was increased by 2 months for every increase in the number of hospital presentations for tracheitis ( = 0.011). The present study is the first, to our knowledge, to assess the effect of SVs on tracheostomy decannulation in patients with CLD showing a longer TTD when SVs are used.
PubMed: 38322435
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767797 -
Medicina 2024
Topics: Humans; Bronchitis; Tracheitis
PubMed: 38271953
DOI: No ID Found -
Viruses Dec 2023We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an...
First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards () and Gamebirds in Morocco: Clinico-Pathological Findings, Molecular Characterization, and Associated Coinfections.
We report in this paper the first detection of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 in houbara bustards and in gamebirds in Morocco. Starting in 2019, an increase in mortality rates related to respiratory distress was recorded in these species. Necropsy of the specimens revealed fibrinous sinusitis and tracheitis with intra-bronchial fibrin casts, which are consistent with H9N2 infection in chickens; therefore, implication of the virus in these outbreaks was strongly suspected. Consequently, between January 2020 and June 2023, birds with respiratory signs were necropsied for pathological lesions, tissue samples were examined by histopathology, and samples of trachea, lungs, and cecal tonsils were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of H9N2 virus. In addition, the sequencing of isolates was performed and lastly differential diagnosis with other respiratory pathogens was carried out. During the study period, 93 samples were collected from suspected H9N2 outbreaks, of which 30 tested positive for H9N2 virus: 23 Houbara bustards, 4 partridges, 2 quails, and 1 pheasant. Moreover, sequencing of the HA gene of the virus showed 97.33% nucleotide identity with strains reported previously in broilers in Morocco in 2017 and in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Moroccan partridge isolates in the same cluster as viruses isolated in Morocco between 2016 and 2022, Algeria (2017), Burkina Faso (2017), Nigeria (2019), and Togo (2020). Additionally, 10 house sparrows from the premises of these birds were examined for the presence of H9N2 virus, revealing a 30% positivity rate. In conclusion, LPAIV H9N2 is circulating in houbara bustards and gamebirds in Morocco, and house sparrows might be a possible source of the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPAI H9N2 in the African species of houbara bustards worldwide and in gamebirds in Morocco.
Topics: Animals; Influenza in Birds; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; Chickens; Morocco; Coinfection; Phylogeny; Quail; Galliformes
PubMed: 38140613
DOI: 10.3390/v15122374 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Nov 2023A 29-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia presented with persistent grade-4 febrile neutropenia (FN) after initial chemotherapy with...
A 29-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia presented with persistent grade-4 febrile neutropenia (FN) after initial chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine. Despite intensive treatment, FN persisted. Subsequently, her nose became reddish and swollen, obstructing the nasal cavities. Computed tomography revealed swelling of the nostrils and an irregular tracheal surface. Debridement of the nasal lesion and a bronchoscopic biopsy of the tracheal lesion were also performed. A histopathological examination revealed pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) of the nose and necrotizing tracheitis. Both nasal PCH and necrotizing tracheitis ameliorated when the patient recovered from leukocytopenia.
PubMed: 38008455
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2625-23 -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Oct 2023Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under... (Review)
Review
Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under certain circumstances of immunosuppression, co-infection (especially with Escherichia coli or Mycoplasma), or various stressors, G. anatis caused respiratory, reproductive, and systemic diseases. Infection with G. anatis has emerged in different countries worldwide. The bacterium affects mainly chickens; however, other species of domestic and wild birds may get infected. Horizontal, vertical, and venereal routes of G. anatis infection have been reported. The pathogenicity of G. anatis is principally related to the presence of some essential virulence factors such as Gallibacterium toxin A, fimbriae, haemagglutinin, outer membrane vesicles, capsule, biofilms, and protease. The clinical picture of G. anatis infection is mainly represented as tracheitis, oophoritis, salpingitis, and peritonitis, while other lesions may be noted in cases of concomitant infection. Control of such infection depends mainly on applying biosecurity measures and vaccination. The antimicrobial sensitivity test is necessary for the correct treatment of G. anatis. However, the development of multiple drug resistance is common. This review article sheds light on G. anatis regarding history, susceptibility, dissemination, virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and control measures.
Topics: Female; Animals; Poultry; Chickens; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Pasteurellaceae; Virulence Factors; Escherichia coli; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37889324
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03796-w