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Respiratory Medicine May 2017Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease of the upper aero-digestive tract caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which affects children... (Review)
Review
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease of the upper aero-digestive tract caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which affects children and young adults. The aim of this review is to describe the main etiological, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of RRP. Most infections in children occur at birth, during passage through the birth canals of contaminated mothers. In adults, HPV is transmitted sexually. Papillomas usually appear as exophytic nodules, primarily in the larynx, but occasionally involving the nasopharynx, tracheobronchial tree, and pulmonary parenchyma. The disease course is unpredictable, ranging from spontaneous remission to aggressive persistent or recurrent disease. Although it occurs rarely, RRP has the potential for malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. Clinically, RRP usually presents with nonspecific symptoms of airway involvement, including chronic cough, hoarseness, wheezing, voice change, stridor, and chronic dyspnea. Helical computed tomography (CT) is highly accurate for the identification and characterization of focal or diffuse airway narrowing caused by nodular vegetant lesions. The typical CT pattern of lung papillomatosis consists of numerous multilobulated nodular lesions of various sizes, frequently cavitated, scattered throughout the lungs. Bronchoscopy is the most reliable method for the diagnosis of RRP; it enables direct visualization of lesions in the central airways and collection of biopsy samples for histopathological diagnosis, and is also useful for therapeutic planning. The definitive diagnosis of RRP is based on histopathological analysis. Currently, no definitive curative treatment for RRP is available; despite the availability of adjunctive treatments, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Bronchoscopy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Human papillomavirus 11; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Papilloma; Papillomavirus Infections; Respiratory Sounds; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tomography, Spiral Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 28427542
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.03.030 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Jun 2021
Review
Topics: Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Humans; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 34264913
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1379 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Dec 2016Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a tuberculous infection of the tracheobronchial tree with microbial and histopathological evidence. Patients may present with... (Review)
Review
Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a tuberculous infection of the tracheobronchial tree with microbial and histopathological evidence. Patients may present with symptoms secondary to disease itself or from the complication of disease like endobronchial obstruction. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy along with microbiological investigations are the most useful diagnostic tools for the confirmation as well as for the evaluation of the tracheobronchial stenosis. The goals of treatment are eradication of tubercle bacilli with anti-tubercular medications and the prevention of airway stenosis. Interventional Bronchoscopic techniques and surgery is required for those patients who develop severe tracheobronchial stenosis that causing significant symptoms including dyspnea, repeated post obstructive pneumonia or bronchiectasis.
PubMed: 28149579
DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.12.73