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Journal of Thoracic Disease Mar 2016Airway surgery is often indicated in the management of benign or malignant pathological processes of the tracheobronchial tree. The surgeon undertaking this type of work... (Review)
Review
Airway surgery is often indicated in the management of benign or malignant pathological processes of the tracheobronchial tree. The surgeon undertaking this type of work has, however, the responsibility of understanding the particular anatomy applicable to these structures and procedures as well as be able to correlate imaging, intraoperative findings and anatomy. These are important considerations if one wants to reduce operative morbidity and improve potential for better long-term results. This paper reviews the most important anatomic features of the tracheobronchial tree putting emphasis on those features that are important to surgeons performing surgical procedures on those organs.
PubMed: 26981262
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.69 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Oct 2020Anatomic resections with bronchial and/or vascular resections and reconstruction, so called sleeve resections were originally performed in patients with impaired... (Review)
Review
Anatomic resections with bronchial and/or vascular resections and reconstruction, so called sleeve resections were originally performed in patients with impaired cardio-pulmonary reserves. Nowadays, sleeve resections are established surgical procedures of first choice for tracheobronchial pathologies, whenever anatomically and oncologically feasible. Experienced thoracic surgeons have a broad surgical armentarium to avoid a pneumonectomy and the morbidity and mortality associated with it. Sleeve resections are associated with better outcomes in all aspects. Thus, sleeve resection is not an alternative for pneumonectomy and vice versa. In this review article we set out to provide a contemporary overview on this topic.
PubMed: 33209454
DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.02.65 -
Turkish Thoracic Journal Mar 2021There are various anatomic variations in the tracheobronchial system. The frequency in studies with bronchoscopy was contradictory. This study aimed to investigate the...
OBJECTIVES
There are various anatomic variations in the tracheobronchial system. The frequency in studies with bronchoscopy was contradictory. This study aimed to investigate the tracheobronchial tree of the deceased patients with anatomical dissection.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We made anatomical dissections on 204 cases in the Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice. The deceased patients who were older than 12 years of age and of Turkish origin were included in this study consecutively.
RESULTS
Of the 204 cases, 161 (78.9%) were males and 43 (21.1%) were females. The mean age was 44.15±19.23 years. Anatomical variations were found to be present in 200 cases (98% of total). The highest degree of variation of the right upper lobe was noted to be 16.6% (34/204). An anomalous arrangement (with three segments or different placement) of the middle lobe was noted in 16.1% of cases. For the basal lower lobe, b8+(b9+b10) pattern and basal orifice with four segments were noted to be the most frequent anatomical variant in the right and left lungs, respectively. The most frequent tracheobronchial variations were as follows: apical basal lobe with two subsegments in the right and left (39.7%), left lower lobe basal orifice with four segments (34.8%), left upper lobe with three segments (25.5%), and right lower lobe basal orifice with three main segmental bronchi (21.1%).
CONCLUSION
The tracheobronchial tree exhibits highly individualistic features. The knowledge of the frequency of different variations obtained in different studies and normal anatomic variants in return makes doing therapeutic or diagnostic interventions easier and more accurate.
PubMed: 33871335
DOI: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2021.18111 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Mar 2000Endoscopic treatment of endobronchial obstructions is becoming increasingly important. Tracheobronchial stents often are needed in the treatment of obstructions from... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Endoscopic treatment of endobronchial obstructions is becoming increasingly important. Tracheobronchial stents often are needed in the treatment of obstructions from submucosal or extrabronchial lesions. Tube stents have been available since the early 1960s but are underused because their insertion requires the use of a rigid bronchoscope. With the recent development of metallic stents, interventional radiologists increasingly are involved in the treatment of tracheobronchial obstructions. Metallic stents, easily placed with flexible bronchoscopy, are growing in popularity. All available tracheobronchial stents have been shown in various clinical series to be able to achieve immediate resolution of respiratory symptoms from various tracheobronchial obstructions. A stent's performance, however, should not be based solely on short-term response. Presently, there is no ideal stent because none is free of complications and none are able to consistently maintain life-long patency. Gianturco stents are associated with serious major complications (bronchial perforations and strut fractures) and are no longer recommended for use in the tracheobronchial tree. The Palmaz stent has also fallen into disfavor, because a strong external force, such as a vigorous cough, can recompress it. The Strecker stent can only be used in smaller airways, but may be useful in the accurate stenting of short segment stenoses because it does not foreshorten on deployment. The Wallstent and Ultraflex are our present metallic stents of choice. Both are easy to deploy, available in covered forms, exert adequate radial force, remain relatively stable in position, and have good longitudinal flexibility for use in tortuous airways. Disadvantages include excessive granulation tissue formation and difficulty of removal once the stent has been epithelialized. Metallic stents should be chosen very carefully for use in benign lesions with ongoing active local inflammation or when temporary stenting is needed. In the absence of an ideal stent, technologic advancements will continue. Potential developments include removable metallic stents, biodegradable stents, and chemically and radioactively coated stents. Unquestionably, the expanding stent market will drive scientific research toward the development of the ideal stent. Clearly, physicians need to be ready to assess these technologic advancements.
Topics: Bronchi; Bronchial Diseases; Constriction, Pathologic; Equipment Design; Humans; Stents; Trachea; Tracheal Stenosis
PubMed: 10765397
DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70170-6 -
Comparative Medicine Aug 2023Swine are commonly used for research on the respiratory system, but various anatomic features of the tracheobronchial tree of swine are poorly defined. The purpose of...
Swine are commonly used for research on the respiratory system, but various anatomic features of the tracheobronchial tree of swine are poorly defined. The purpose of our study was to acquire normative measurements of the tracheobronchial tree of swine by using chest CT scans, thus laying a foundation for treating or studying airway disorders in this species. In our study, 33 male swine underwent thoracic CT scans; we measured anatomic features of the tracheobronchial tree, including the diameter, length, and angle of various airway structures. We further analyzed the relationships among selected principal parameters. Our data revealed several similarities and differences in anatomy between swine and humans. This information may be useful in future research.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Bronchi; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37817365
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000101 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2014Tracheobronchial variations can be found during routine bronchoscopy or computed tomography. Previous sources estimate an incidence of 1-12%; however, these variations... (Review)
Review
Tracheobronchial variations can be found during routine bronchoscopy or computed tomography. Previous sources estimate an incidence of 1-12%; however, these variations are often asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients present typically with cough and lower respiratory tract infection. Knowledge and understanding of tracheobronchial variations have important implications for diagnosis of symptomatic patients and performing certain procedures, including bronchoscopy and endotracheal intubation. In this review, we describe the most commonly encountered variations, tracheal bronchus and accessory cardiac bronchus, along with three minor abnormalities of this region. We also review the various imaging modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Bronchi; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Trachea
PubMed: 24453071
DOI: 10.1002/ca.22351 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Aug 2008The field of interventional pulmonary medicine is a relatively new area in pulmonary medicine resulting from the technological advances, as well as the increasing need... (Review)
Review
The field of interventional pulmonary medicine is a relatively new area in pulmonary medicine resulting from the technological advances, as well as the increasing need for palliative and curative treatment modalities for patients with tracheobronchial, parenchymal, and pleural disease. This article reviews the advances in endoscopic techniques aimed to the tracheobronchial tree, including foreign body removal, laser photoresection, electrosurgery, argon-plasma coagulation (APC), photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, balloon bronchoplasty, stent placement, brachytherapy, bronchial thermoplasty, transtracheal oxygen catheter placement, as well as treatment of airway complications after lung transplantation.
Topics: Bronchial Diseases; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 18651361
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1081286 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Feb 1990The use of lasers has greatly expanded our ability to treat diseases of the tracheobronchial tree. We must be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each... (Review)
Review
The use of lasers has greatly expanded our ability to treat diseases of the tracheobronchial tree. We must be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each particular wavelength. In addition, the specific safety precautions for each laser wavelength must be followed closely.
Topics: Bronchial Diseases; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Laser Therapy; Tracheal Diseases; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 2179825
DOI: No ID Found