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Cancer Cell May 2021Discovery-driven research and clinical research have worked together to change the outcomes of many cancer patients. We choose urothelial carcinoma as an example to... (Review)
Review
Discovery-driven research and clinical research have worked together to change the outcomes of many cancer patients. We choose urothelial carcinoma as an example to showcase how recent diagnostic and therapeutic innovations have re-shaped cancer clinical practice.
Topics: Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Research; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33974855
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.012 -
Urology Journal Nov 2017Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in worldwide. Among several risk factors, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) have been presumed to play a causative...
PURPOSE
Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in worldwide. Among several risk factors, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) have been presumed to play a causative role in the etiology of bladder cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of HPV infection in biopsy specimens of patients with transitional cell carcinoma at the west of Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, 97 biopsy specimens including 67 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder and 30 cases of control group with the mean age of 63 years were studied using immunohistochemistry to identify HPV.
RESULTS
22.4% of patients with TCC of bladder and 3.3% of control group were positive for HPV with a meaningful relation (P=.019). The prevalence of HPV was 4.3 fold higher in men than women. Most TCC patients werebelonged to grades II and III.
CONCLUSION
Considering the higher incidence of HPV positivity in patients with TCC of bladder compared to control group, it seems to be a meaningful association between HPV infection and TCC of bladder, at least in the west of Iran.
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Papillomavirus Infections; Risk Factors; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 29101759
DOI: 10.22037/uj.v14i6.3748 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Feb 2021The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of surgery on outcome for dogs with naturally occurring urinary bladder transitional cell...
The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of surgery on outcome for dogs with naturally occurring urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Forty-seven dogs met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-one dogs (Group A) were treated with partial cystectomy and adjunctive medical therapy and 16 dogs (Group B) were treated with medical therapy alone. Overall survival was greater in dogs treated with partial cystectomy and adjunctive medical therapy (498 days for Group A 335 days for Group B, hazard ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 5.7; = 0.026). Progression-free survival was not different between groups (85 days for Group A 83 days for Group B; = 0.663). No prognostic factors were identified for progression-free survival. Due to the many cases in Group A that were lost to follow-up, time-to-event survival analysis was performed. No significant difference in overall survival was noted, and no prognostic factors were identified in the time-to-event analysis. Prospective, randomized studies are needed to determine the role of partial cystectomy in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cystectomy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33542551
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Cancer Jan 2019Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) accounts for around 95% of bladder cancers and is the 4th most common cancer among men and the tenth most common in women, in the US....
BACKGROUND
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) accounts for around 95% of bladder cancers and is the 4th most common cancer among men and the tenth most common in women, in the US. There is a constant need to clarify current TCC incidence and mortality rates among different population groups for better clinical practice guidelines. We aimed to describe the TCC incidence and incidence-based mortality by demographic and tumor-related characteristics over the last 40 years in the US.
METHODS
We obtained data from the SEER 18 registries to study TCC cases that were diagnosed between the years 1973 and 2014. We calculated incidence rates and incidence-based mortality rates in different demographic and tumor-related characteristics and expressed rates by 100,000 person-years. We then calculated the annual changes in incidence and incidence-based mortality rates and displayed them as annual percent changes (APCs).
RESULTS
There were 182,114 patients with TCC between 1973 and 2014 in the United States. Overall incidence rates of TCC increased 0.16% (95% CI, 0.02-0.30, p = .02) per year over the study period. However, the incidence declined significantly since 2007; (95%CI,-1.89- -0.77, p < .001), except among the elderly and African Americans, which increased significantly over the study period. Overall TCC mortality rates did not change over the study period. However, since 2000 it started to decrease significantly.
CONCLUSION
TCC incidence and incidence-based mortality rates had been showing significant increases over the previous decades. However, significant declines in both incidence and incidence-based mortality rates have been observed over the recent years, except in some patients with certain racial groups. Improved understanding of the etiological and ecological factors of TCC could lead to further declines in incidence and incidence-based mortality rates.
Topics: Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mortality; Population Surveillance; Retrospective Studies; SEER Program; United States; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 30630456
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5267-3 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2003Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder, the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in dogs, is challenging to both diagnose and treat effectively.... (Review)
Review
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder, the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in dogs, is challenging to both diagnose and treat effectively. The prevalence of this disease may be increasing. The etiology of canine TCC is likely multifactorial. Epidemiological studies of TCC in the dog have revealed a number of risk factors, including breed and female gender, as well as environmental factors, such as insecticide exposure. This tumor is difficult to remove surgically and responds poorly to chemotherapy. The efficacy of radiotherapy and other treatment modalities needs further investigation. Cyclooxygenase-inhibiting drugs have some activity against TCC, and studies to further define these effects are ongoing. Use of the tumor/node/ metastasis (TNM) classification scheme for bladder cancer has allowed for the identification of prognostic factors. Urinary tract obstruction and metastatic disease remain challenges to treat. Work with canine TCC has demonstrated how closely this disease resembles human invasive urinary bladder cancer. Therefore, future research has the potential to benefit both dogs and humans with TCC.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 12683611
DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2003)017<0136:ctcc>2.3.co;2 -
International Journal of Surgery... 2013The management of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) presents a challenge to urological surgeons due to the diversity of patient factors, stage at... (Review)
Review
The management of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) presents a challenge to urological surgeons due to the diversity of patient factors, stage at presentation and propensity for disease recurrence and progression. Advances in the last decade have seen an evolution in techniques for diagnosis, treatment and ongoing surveillance. A good understanding of our patients, the disease and the available diagnostic and therapeutic options is essential for the management of this condition. We review the current literature focusing on the merits of recent advances in this field. Given the breadth of the subject, we have deliberately selected only the most relevant and recent advances already in clinical use.
Topics: Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Humans; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 24013072
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.08.018 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2022Non-urothelial bladder cancers make up a rare minority of all genitourinary (GU) tract histologic cancers since urothelial cancer (UC) makes up the most common... (Review)
Review
Non-urothelial bladder cancers make up a rare minority of all genitourinary (GU) tract histologic cancers since urothelial cancer (UC) makes up the most common histologic subtype. Bladder cancer variant histology (BCVH) or urothelial variants also occur rarely though distinction is important given aggressive presentation and natural history. While methods for diagnosis and treatment of typical urothelial cancers (UC) are well-established, there are no clear guidelines with regard to the diagnosis of non-urothelial bladder cancers, which often results in misdiagnosis and treatment delay. This review will focus on the clinicopathologic characteristics of the most common non-urothelial bladder cancers, to be distinguished from bladder cancer variant histology containing a UC component. The role of genomics in non-urothelial bladder cancers is evolving and the use of biomarkers to guide the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors remains a key area of unmet need. Treatment of these cancers will be discussed in a companion review.
Topics: Humans; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Urologic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 36442362
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100661 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Nov 2018Nested type transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare histological variant among bladder tumors. Although clinical presentation is similar to the other... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Nested type transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare histological variant among bladder tumors. Although clinical presentation is similar to the other bladder tumors, its macroscopic appearance may be equivocally benign, with submucosal growing which is difficult to detect on cystoscopy, so that diagnosis may be delayed.
METHODS
We present the characteristics of nested type transitional cell carcinoma and review the differential diagnosis for this entity with possible counterfeiters.
RESULTS
In this article, we report two cases of nested type transitional cell carcinoma that presents, in one of them, all three growing patterns.
CONCLUSIONS
Microscopically nested transitional cell carcinoma is characterized by a cell distribution forming nests and tubules. They generally present low cytologic atypia simulating a low grade urothelial carcinoma, or benign bladder lesions such as von Brunn nests or nefrogenic adenoma.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Humans; Male; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 30403382
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the canine urinary tract and tends to have a poor prognosis due to its invasive potential. Recent...
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the canine urinary tract and tends to have a poor prognosis due to its invasive potential. Recent studies have reported that up to 80% of canine urothelial carcinoma has the BRAF V595E mutation, which is homologous to the human V600E mutation. Activating the BRAF mutation is an actionable target for developing effective therapeutic agents inhibiting the BRAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in canine cancer as well as human cancer. We established novel canine TCC cell lines from two tumor tissues and one metastatic lymph node of canine TCC patients harboring the BRAF V595E mutation. Tumor tissues highly expressed the BRAF mutant and phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)1/2 proteins. The derived cell lines demonstrated activated MAPK pathways. We also evaluated the cell lines for sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors. Sorafenib, a multiple kinase inhibitor targeting RAF/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), successfully inhibited the BRAF/MAPK pathway and induced apoptosis. The established canine TCC cell lines responded with greater sensitivity to sorafenib than to vemurafenib, which is known as a specific BRAF inhibitor in human cancer. Our results demonstrated that canine TCC cells showed different responses compared to human cancer with the BRAF V600E mutation. These cell lines would be valuable research materials to develop therapeutic strategies for canine TCC patients.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Dogs; Female; Mice; Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Sorafenib; Urologic Neoplasms; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 34502061
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179151 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Apr 2021The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) applied to whole...
A combined protocol with piroxicam, chemotherapy, and whole pelvic irradiation with simultaneous boost volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for muscle-invasive canine urinary transitional cell carcinoma: First clinical experience.
The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) applied to whole pelvic region radiotherapy (WPRT) with multilevel simultaneous integrated boost (MLSIB) combined with piroxicam and chemotherapy for the treatment of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the lower urinary tract with muscle invasion TCC. Twelve dogs were enrolled, according to stage, in two groups: group 1, TCC confined to the urinary tract; group 2, TCC with metastasis. The planning target volume dose was tailored from 36 to 42 Gy in 6 fractions. All dogs were prescribed piroxicam and radiosensitizing carboplatin, and six received chemotherapy after radiotherapy. Serial follow-ups with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Disease control and toxicity effects were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The treatment was well tolerated, and no high-grade side effects were reported. The median overall survival times for groups 1 and 2 were 1,230 and 150 days, respectively. A considerable percentage of patients in group1 (50%) were still alive at the time of writing this paper, and a longer follow-up could enable a more accurate survival analysis. This preliminary analysis shows that VMAT applied to the WPRT with MLSIB is an effective and safe option for dogs with lower urinary TCC, although the presence of metastases worsens the prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Muscles; Pelvis; Pilot Projects; Piroxicam; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 32963177
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0662