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PeerJ 2023Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of... (Review)
Review
Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of all-ceramic/zirconia restorations, are becoming popular restorative materials in restorative and prosthetic dentistry choices for aesthetic and biological reasons. Dental zirconia has increased over the past years producing wide varieties of zirconia for prosthetic restorations in dentistry. At present, literature is lacking on the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Currently, no article has the latest information on the various zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this article is to present an overview of recent dental zirconia biomaterials and tends to classify the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. This article is useful for dentists, dental technicians, prosthodontists, academicians, and researchers in the field of dental zirconia.
Topics: Zirconium; Biocompatible Materials; Ceramics; Dentistry
PubMed: 37465158
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15669 -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2022Aquagenic keratoderma is triggered in the palms and soles after contact with water, and is characterized by the appearance of translucent papules forming macerated...
BACKGROUND
Aquagenic keratoderma is triggered in the palms and soles after contact with water, and is characterized by the appearance of translucent papules forming macerated plaques. It may be associated with medications and diseases such as cystic fibrosis, atopy, and malnutrition, or be idiopathic.
CASE REPORT
We describe the case of a 17-year-old female patient with chronic functional abdominal pain. She presented with a 2-month history of "wrinkling" of palms after contact with water. After stimulation with water, palmar hyperlinearity and whitish, translucent papules forming macerated-looking plaques with a central depression were observed. Dermoscopically, we observed whitish and anfractive structures with coral appearance and microdroplets of water. In the histological study, we observed continuous hyperkeratosis and acrosyringium dilation from the middle dermis to the stratum corneum. With the clinical presentation and histological findings, aquagenic keratoderma was diagnosed, and treatment was started with partial improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
Aquagenic keratoderma is an underdiagnosed entity. Despite its indolent course, it could be considered as a marker of a systemic disease such as cystic fibrosis. Since the discussion about the terminology of the disease has arisen, we considered adjusting to a descriptive nomenclature, proposing the term whitish macerated aquagenic plaques of the acrosyringium. It is necessary to continue reporting these cases to understand the disease better and offer adequate management and comprehensive follow-up to the patients.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Water
PubMed: 35882021
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.21000084 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2021Ghost cells (GCs) have been a curious topic since a great deal of time. Extensive research has been done to deduce the true characteristics and formation of these cells....
Ghost cells (GCs) have been a curious topic since a great deal of time. Extensive research has been done to deduce the true characteristics and formation of these cells. GCs are balloon-shaped, elliptical, pale eosinophilic epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei, leaving only a faint outline. In routine H and E staining, these cells give shadowy appearance and hence are also called shadow cells or translucent cells. The present article is an attempt to describe in detail about the origin, microscopic appearance, staining property, immunohistochemistry profile and diagnostic importance of GCs.
PubMed: 34349436
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_112_21 -
International Journal of Pediatrics &... Dec 2020Gastric bezoar is an accumulation of indigestible masses in stomach. Depending on the composites of these masses, descriptive names are given like tricobezoar if the...
Gastric bezoar is an accumulation of indigestible masses in stomach. Depending on the composites of these masses, descriptive names are given like tricobezoar if the mass contains hair. Most of the patients have psychological issues that result in their desire to eat hair which predispose them to have gastric tricobezoar. Unfortunately, the presentation is usually very late with signs of gastric outlet obstruction which include abdominal pain, distension, nausea and vomiting. There are typical findings seen in abdominal radiograph like large intraluminal filling defect with mottled translucency and ultrasound finding of shadowing intra-luminal masses. The treatment of such cases includes laproscopic trial to remove the bezoar and if not successful to proceed for gastrostomy.
PubMed: 33319020
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2020.05.002 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... May 2020To examine the association between fetal major heart defects and increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT), tricuspid regurgitation and abnormal flow in the ductus...
Diagnosis of major heart defects by routine first-trimester ultrasound examination: association with increased nuchal translucency, tricuspid regurgitation and abnormal flow in ductus venosus.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between fetal major heart defects and increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT), tricuspid regurgitation and abnormal flow in the ductus venosus in a large population of singleton pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 11-13 weeks' gestation.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from singleton pregnancies attending for a routine ultrasound scan at 11-13 weeks' gestation, which included examination of fetal anatomy, measurement of NT and assessment of blood flow across the tricuspid valve and in the ductus venosus, according to a standardized protocol. The incidence of fetal NT ≥ 95 and ≥ 99 percentiles, tricuspid regurgitation and reversed a-wave in the ductus venosus in fetuses with and those without a major heart defect was determined and the performance of each marker and their combination in the detection of major heart defects was calculated.
RESULTS
The study population of 93 209 pregnancies with no apparent chromosomal abnormality included 211 (0.23%) with a fetal major heart defect and 92 998 morphologically normal neonates. In 113 (53.6%) cases with a major heart defect, the diagnosis was made at the 11-13-week scan, in 82 (38.9%) at the 18-24-week scan, in 10 (4.7%) at the third-trimester scan and in six (2.8%) postnatally. At the 11-13-week scan, we diagnosed all cases of tricuspid or pulmonary atresia and polyvalvular dysplasia, > 90% of cases of hypoplastic left heart syndrome or atrioventricular septal defect, about 60% of complex heart defects and cases of left atrial isomerism (interrupted inferior vena cava with normal intracardiac anatomy), 30-40% of cases of tetralogy of Fallot and arch abnormalities, 25% of tricuspid valve abnormalities and about 15% of cases of transposition of the great arteries, but none of aortic or pulmonary stenosis or common arterial trunk. Fetal NT ≥ 95 or ≥ 99 percentile, tricuspid regurgitation or abnormal ductus venosus flow was observed in 77 (36.5%), 45 (21.3%), 61 (28.9%) and 58 (27.5%) fetuses with a major heart defect, respectively, and in 5678 (6.1%), 857 (0.9%), 1136 (1.2%) and 1644 (1.8%) of those without a heart defect. Any one of NT ≥ 95 percentile, tricuspid regurgitation or abnormal flow in the ductus venosus was found in 117 (55.5%; 95% CI, 48.5-62.3%) fetuses with a heart defect and in 8166 (8.8%; 95% CI, 8.6-9.0%) of those without a heart defect. Any one of NT ≥ 99 percentile or the other two markers was found in 99 (46.9%; 95% CI, 40.0-53.9%) fetuses with a heart defect and in 3517 (3.8%; 95% CI, 3.7-3.9%) of those without a heart defect.
CONCLUSION
At 11-13 weeks' gestation, measurement of fetal NT and assessment of flow across the tricuspid valve and in the ductus venosus can lead to early diagnosis of major heart defect. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Topics: Adult; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Early Diagnosis; Female; Fetal Heart; Gestational Age; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Nuchal Translucency Measurement; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Prospective Studies; Pulsatile Flow; Retrospective Studies; Transposition of Great Vessels; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency
PubMed: 31875326
DOI: 10.1002/uog.21956 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2019Palpebral hidrocystomas are benign tumors also known as cystic apocrine adenoma, cyst of sweat gland, apocrine retention cyst or cyst of Moll. They originate from...
Palpebral hidrocystomas are benign tumors also known as cystic apocrine adenoma, cyst of sweat gland, apocrine retention cyst or cyst of Moll. They originate from eccrine or apocrine sweat glands and often occur on the face and the eyelids. Other atypical locations such as the chest, the shoulders and the foreskin have been reported. Hidrocystoma is a small translucent, shiny cyst. It appears as single or multiple cystic lesion. Their histogenesis is uncertain. Indeed, apocrine hidrocystoma could arise from the residuals of the primitive apocrine glands or of the gland of Moll. The eccrine hidrocystoma could arise from the eccrine glands or the excretory duct of the glands of Moll. Their clinical differentiation is little obvious and diagnosis is based on histological examination. They are characterized by two clinical presentations: isolated hidrocystomas and the associated types. Isolated hidrocystoma is the most common type: hidrocystoma appears as single or multiple cystic lesions and it is not associated with extraocular signs. Apocrine hidrocystomas are solitary in 93% of cases while eccrine hidrocystomas appear most often as multiple lesions. The associated types are more rare and have been only described for the multiple hidrocystomas. If in the majority of cases a treatment based on argon laser is sufficient, more voluminous hidrocystomas require surgical resection. We here report the case of a young patient presenting with translucent nodule in the external canthus of the left eye. Hidrocystoma, molluscum pendulum and syringoma were the suspected diagnoses. Surgical resection was performed as well as histologic examination which confirmed the diagnosis of hidrocystoma.
Topics: Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Female; Hidrocystoma; Humans; Sweat Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 31448032
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.70.15601 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2020In this review, we first briefly introduce the general knowledge of glass-ceramics, including the discovery and development, the application, the microstructure, and the... (Review)
Review
In this review, we first briefly introduce the general knowledge of glass-ceramics, including the discovery and development, the application, the microstructure, and the manufacturing of glass-ceramics. Second, the review presents a detailed description of glass-ceramics in dentistry. In this part, the history, property requirements, and manufacturing techniques of dental glass-ceramics are reviewed. The review provided a brief description of the most prevalent clinically used examples of dental glass-ceramics, namely, mica, leucite, and lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. In addition, we also introduce the newly developed ZrO-SiO nanocrystalline glass-ceramics that show great potential as a new generation of dental glass-ceramics. Traditional strengthening mechanisms of glass-ceramics, including interlocking, ZrO-reinforced, and thermal residual stress effects, are discussed. Finally, a perspective and outlook for future directions in developing new dental glass-ceramics is provided to offer inspiration to the dental materials community.
PubMed: 32110874
DOI: 10.3390/ma13051049 -
Dental Materials Journal Jan 2020This review describes low temperature degradation (LTD), discoloration, and erosion of high translucent dental zirconia and discusses its chemical durability in... (Review)
Review
This review describes low temperature degradation (LTD), discoloration, and erosion of high translucent dental zirconia and discusses its chemical durability in comparison with other CAD/CAM materials. The LTD of zirconia strongly depended on the firing temperature, yttria content, surface treatment, and heat treatment. Glass ceramics for CAD/CAM were remarkably etched in a lactic acid at 60°C, KOH solution at 60°C, and saline solution at 90°C, whereas zirconia showed no changes in these solutions. Glass ceramics and hybrid resins for CAD/CAM showed significant discoloration in a red wine and rhodamine B solution at 37°C, whereas zirconia showed no discolorations in either solution. It was concluded that high translucent dental zirconia has the highest chemical durability among dental CAD/CAM materials.
Topics: Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 31511477
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-109 -
Journal of Vision Aug 2021Translucency is an optical and a perceptual phenomenon that characterizes subsurface light transport through objects and materials. Translucency as an optical property... (Review)
Review
Translucency is an optical and a perceptual phenomenon that characterizes subsurface light transport through objects and materials. Translucency as an optical property of a material relates to the radiative transfer inside and through this medium, and translucency as a perceptual phenomenon describes the visual sensation experienced by humans when observing a given material under given conditions. The knowledge about the visual mechanisms of the translucency perception remains limited. Accurate prediction of the appearance of the translucent objects can have a significant commercial impact in the fields such as three-dimensional printing. However, little is known how the optical properties of a material relate to a perception evoked in humans. This article overviews the knowledge status about the visual perception of translucency and highlights the applications of the translucency perception research. Furthermore, this review summarizes current knowledge gaps, fundamental challenges and existing ambiguities with a goal to facilitate translucency perception research in the future.
Topics: Humans; Surface Properties; Visual Perception
PubMed: 34342646
DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.8.4