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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Among the top five human infections requiring medical treatment is dermatitis. Treatment of bacterial and fungal skin infections is usually based on antibiotic therapy,...
Among the top five human infections requiring medical treatment is dermatitis. Treatment of bacterial and fungal skin infections is usually based on antibiotic therapy, which is often ineffective due to the involvement of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hys) extracted from six aromatic plants grown in Italy ( and ) towards fungal (, , and ; , , , and ) and bacterial strains ( MRSA, MSSA, , VRE, and ) potentially pathogenic for human skin. The composition and antimicrobial activity of EOs and Hys were evaluated using the Gas-chromatography mass spectrometry and micro dilution-broth test, respectively. The volatiles' conversion factors (CFs) were calculated to compare the activity of Hys with that of the corresponding EOs. Data show that, although the minimum inhibitory concentration values of EOs are lower than the corresponding Hys, the volatiles contained in Hys are more effective at inhibiting microbial growth because they are active at lower concentrations.
PubMed: 33477717
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010088 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is the most pathogenic type of fungal skin infection. It often invades and grows in a keratin-rich matrix, and lesions include human skin, hair, and fingernails...
is the most pathogenic type of fungal skin infection. It often invades and grows in a keratin-rich matrix, and lesions include human skin, hair, and fingernails (toenails). We designed LAMP primers for and developed a LAMP-Microfluidic chip detection system for . This system detects six common species of in the genus , including , , , , , and . The specificity reached 100%, and the sensitivity could reach about 1 × 10 copies/μl. The entire detection process can be completed within 60 min and does not cross-react with other dermatophytes. The established LAMP-Microfluidic chip detection system has the advantages of simple operation, high specificity, and high sensitivity, and has the potential for clinical application.
PubMed: 36312927
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031388 -
GMS Hygiene and Infection Control 2022: Global mobility is increasingly associated with the emergence of "unusual" infectious agents. At the beginning of 2019, a putative outbreak of occurred in a...
: Global mobility is increasingly associated with the emergence of "unusual" infectious agents. At the beginning of 2019, a putative outbreak of occurred in a kindergarten in Regensburg, Germany, that was mainly attended by children with a migrant background. After thorough examination, the outbreak was classified as infection with violaceum. : Based on case investigations, infection control measures, disinfection, and cleaning were implemented. Microscopy of native specimens, fungal cultures, and polymerase chain reaction were used for diagnosis. Additionally, a systematic literature search in Medline, followed by a quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe, were performed. : Between January and November 2019, 12 cases of tinea were diagnosed in 7 educators and 2 household members. Children were initially not affected. was only detected in 2 patients. No extensive screening measures were carried out after risk-benefit assessment. Studies on in Europe are heterogeneous, and the number of cases and the prevalence vary considerably. The pathogen is mainly found in children of African descent who clinically present with . : In the present case, the source of infection and the chain of transmission remained unclear. The pathogen could only be diagnosed in 2 cases. In Europe, the (re)emergence of pathogens such as is likely to be caused by increasing migration and travel. Pathogens should be identified for epidemiological reasons in all cases. In outbreaks, measures must be adapted to the dynamics of the individual outbreak after assessment of the risks, benefits, and proportionality.
PubMed: 35284206
DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000405 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2016Dermatophytoses are among the most frequently diagnosed skin infections worldwide. However, the distribution of pathogenic species and the predominating anatomical sites...
Dermatophytoses are among the most frequently diagnosed skin infections worldwide. However, the distribution of pathogenic species and the predominating anatomical sites of infection vary with geographical location and change over time. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and aetiological factors of dermatophytoses in Crete, Greece over the last 5-year period (2011-2015) and their incidence in relation to the gender and the age of the patients. We compared our findings with those previously reported from the same area and from other parts of the world. A total of 2,910 clinical specimens (skin scrapings, nail clippings, and hair specimens) obtained from 2,751 patients with signs of dermatomycoses were examined using direct microscopy and culture. Overall, 294 specimens (10.1%) were proved mycologically positive for dermatophytes. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 86 years (mean age, 37 years). Tinea corporis was the predominant clinical type of infection, followed by tinea unguium, tinea pedis, tinea capitis, tinea faciei, tinea cruris and tinea manuum. Among dermatophytes, eight species were isolated: Microsporum canis (35.8%), Trichophyton rubrum (35.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (23.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (2.5%), Microsporum gypseum (1.8%), Trichophyton violaceum (0.7%), Trichophyton verrucosum (0.4%), and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.4%). In our area, the most common dermatophyte was M. canis followed by T. rubrum. Increased migration, mass tourism, and climate changes will contribute to further changes in the epidemiology of dermatophytoses in our area. Continuing studies are necessary for determining the new epidemiological trends and to implement the appropriate control measures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Epidermophyton; Female; Greece; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Sex Distribution; Time Factors; Tinea; Trichophyton; Young Adult
PubMed: 27904054
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.16-00008 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Aug 2022Dermatophytosis still remains a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the etiological and...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis still remains a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the etiological and epidemiological factors of dermatophyte infections in Tehran, Iran.
METHODS
A total of 1530 patients clinically suspected of cutaneous fungal infections were examined in two hospitals over a period of 10 years (2010-2020). Samples were analyzed using direct microscopic examination and culture. Data regarding age, gender, and clinical manifestations were also recorded.
RESULTS
Out of 1530 cases examined, dermatophytes were detected in 493 (32.2%) patients. Of these patients, 288 (58.4%) were males and 205 (41.6%) were females. The most affected age group was the 25-44 years old (31.6%). Tinea corporis (n=134) was the most prevalent type of ringworm, followed by tinea cruris (n=131), tinea pedis (n=90), tinea manuum (n=65), tinea unguium (n=29), tinea faciei (n=20), tinea capitis (n=18), and tinea barbae (n=2). Both tinea cruris (<0.001) and tinea pedis (=0.002) had a significant association with male gender. As for etiological agents, (29.0%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by T (25.8%), (25.3%), (6.9%), (4.9%), (4.5%), (2.0%), and (1.6%).
CONCLUSION
Dermatophytes are still the prevailing causes of fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails in Iran. Further studies with larger samples sizes and inclusion of diverse locations would yield more accurate results.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Tinea Pedis; Retrospective Studies; Tinea cruris; Iran; Tinea
PubMed: 37543872
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.82 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2022This work aimed to determine the magnitude of tinea capitis, the diversity and species composition of fungi, and the predominant dermatophytes implicated in causing...
OBJECTIVE
This work aimed to determine the magnitude of tinea capitis, the diversity and species composition of fungi, and the predominant dermatophytes implicated in causing tinea capitis.
METHODS
A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at a dermatology clinic. Scalp scrapings were collected and cultured, and dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte molds were identified.
RESULTS
Of 364 scalp scrapings, fungi were recovered from 301 (82.7%) clinical samples. About 60.7% of the samples were collected from women, while 39.3% were collected from male study subjects. The association between the magnitude of scalp ringworm and gender was not statistically significant ( = 0.105). Two hundred eighty study subjects were less than 15 years of age, of which 254 were culture positive. The association of tinea capitis and the age of patients was statistically significant ( = 0). Three hundred forty-nine fungal isolates were isolated, of which 54.2% were dermatophytes, while 45.8% were non-dermatophyte molds. The occurrence of dermatophytes in their decreasing order was (138; 73%), (18; 9.5%), (16; 8.5%), (8; 4.5%), (7; 3.7%), (1; 0.5%), and (1; 0.5%).
CONCLUSION
A high prevalence rate of -induced tinea capitis was reported. The magnitude of scalp ringworm in adults was remarkably high. Therefore, conducting a nationwide epidemiological survey on tinea capitis regardless of age is suggested. The isolation of many non-dermatophyte molds in the current study may shade questions about the perception that tinea capitis is caused by dermatophytes only. Therefore, studies on their potential pathogenic role on skin and skin-related (nail and the scalp) infections appear to be an active field of research.
PubMed: 35847420
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S367763 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jan 2023To determine the epidemiological profile of dermatophytes among patients of tinea capitis and their susceptibility pattern to fluconazole and terbinafine.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the epidemiological profile of dermatophytes among patients of tinea capitis and their susceptibility pattern to fluconazole and terbinafine.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August to December 2019, and comprised samples of hair and skin from the scalp of tinea capitis patients regardless of age and gender. Demographic details were collected and the samples were processed for direct microscopy and mycological culture. Antifungal susceptibility testing for fluconazole and terbinafine was performed using broth microdilution method. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
RESULTS
Of the 207 patients, 115(55.5%) were males, and 114(55.1%) were children. Alopecia was the most common presenting complaint 141(68.1%), while grey patch tinea was the most characteristic clinical form 53(25.6%). Dermatophytes were yielded in 61(29.5%) cases, non-dermatophytes were isolated in 45(21.7%) specimens, and 101(48.8%) were culture-negative. Among the dermatophytes, trichophyton violaceum was the most common pathogen 21(34.4%), followed by trichophyton mentagrophytes 18(29.5%). Resistance to fluconazole and terbinafine among dermatophytes was recorded in 12(19.7%) and 7(11.5%) isolates, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of dermatophytes among tinea capitis patients was higher compared to non-dermatophyte species. Antifungal resistance was predominantly seen in trichophyton violaceum and trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Topics: Child; Male; Humans; Female; Antifungal Agents; Terbinafine; Fluconazole; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 36842005
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.5307 -
Studies in Mycology Mar 2018and are prevalent agents of human dermatophyte infections, the former being found on glabrous skin and nail, while the latter is confined to the scalp. The two species...
and are prevalent agents of human dermatophyte infections, the former being found on glabrous skin and nail, while the latter is confined to the scalp. The two species are phenotypically different but are highly similar phylogenetically. The taxonomy of dermatophytes is currently being reconsidered on the basis of molecular phylogeny. Molecular species definitions do not always coincide with existing concepts which are guided by ecological and clinical principles. In this article, we aim to bring phylogenetic and ecological data together in an attempt to develop new species concepts for anthropophilic dermatophytes. Focus is on the complex with analysis of rDNA ITS supplemented with LSU, and ribosomal protein L10 gene sequences. In order to explore genomic differences between and , one representative for both species was whole genome sequenced. Draft sequences were compared with currently available dermatophyte genomes. Potential virulence factors of adhesins and secreted proteases were predicted and compared phylogenetically. General phylogeny showed clear gaps between geophilic species of , but multilocus distances between species were often very small in the derived anthropophilic and zoophilic genus . Significant genome conservation between and was observed, with a high similarity at the nucleic acid level of 99.38 % identity. contains more paralogs than . About 30 adhesion genes were predicted among dermatophytes. Seventeen adhesins were common between and , while four were specific for the former and eight for the latter. Phylogenetic analysis of secreted proteases reveals considerable expansion and conservation among the analyzed species. Multilocus phylogeny and genome comparison of and underlined their close affinity. The possibility that they represent a single species exhibiting different phenotypes due to different localizations on the human body is discussed.
PubMed: 29910521
DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.004 -
Central European Journal of Public... Dec 2018A three-year retrospective study of fungi isolated from samples of patients with suspected fungal skin infections in Eastern Slovakia is presented.
OBJECTIVE
A three-year retrospective study of fungi isolated from samples of patients with suspected fungal skin infections in Eastern Slovakia is presented.
METHODS
A total of 11,989 samples were collected and investigated with direct microscopic examination using 20% KOH and cultivated in Sabouraud and Mycosel medium. Identification was based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
RESULTS
Of the total samples, 61.76% (7,405/11,989) were completely negative and 38.24% positive (4,584/11,989). Dermatophytes accounted for 45.88% of isolates (2,103/4,584), yeasts for 26.79% (1,228/4,584), non-dermatophytes for 15.29% (701/4,584), and Malassezia sp. for 12.4% (552/4,584). Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent causative agent (79.08%) implicated in fungal skin infections, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale (10.60%). Less frequent isolates included Trichophyton tonsurans (5.13%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (3.14%). Other dermatophytes (Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Epidermophyton floccosum) were very rarely identified (each in less than 1% of all samples). The main clinical form of dermatophytosis in the sample was tinea unguium (42.61%), followed by tinea pedis (30.86%), tinea inguinalis (11.65%), tinea corporis (8.04%), and tinea manus (4.76%). Tinea capitis et faciei (2.08%) was more common among children and adolescents.
CONCLUSION
The assessment of data has showed the predominance of tinea unguium among adult patients, tinea capitis et faciei among children, and the prevalent aetiological role of Trichophyton rubrum in fungal skin infections; findings that are in agreement with recent European studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Retrospective Studies; Sex Distribution; Slovakia; Tinea; Trichophyton; Young Adult
PubMed: 30817878
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5279 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2015Dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans....
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans. Conventional methods for identification of these fungi are rapid and simple but are not accurate comparing to molecular methods.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to isolate human pathogenic dermatophytes which cause dermatophytosis in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia and to identify these fungi by using conventional and molecular methods.
METHODS
The study was conducted in Medical Complex, Riyadh and King Saud University. Samples of infected skin, hairs and nails were collected from 112 patients. Diagnosis of skin infections, direct microscopic test, isolation and identification of dermatophytes by conventional and molecular methods were carried out.
RESULTS
The results indicated that the tinea capitis infection had the highest prevalence among the patients (22.3%) while Tinea barbae had the lowest. In this study the identified dermatophyte isolates belong to nine species as Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Trichophyton concentricum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouinii and Epidermophyton floccosum which cause skin infections were isolated during this study. Non dermatophyte isolates included 5 isolates from Aspergillus spp. 4 isolates from Acremonium potronii and 15 isolates from Candida spp. M. canis were the most common species (25% of isolated dermatophytes). Out of the 52 dermatophyte isolates identified by conventional methods, there were 45 isolates identified by the molecular method.
CONCLUSIONS
The results concluded that approximately M. canis caused a quarter of dermatophyte cases, tinea capitis infection was prevalent and the molecular method was more accurate than conventional methods.
PubMed: 26288566
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.006